Pipeline Integrity Monitoring

Transcription

1 A Global Communications and Information Company Pipeline Integrity Monitoring is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT 2014 MDA 1 1

2 Corporate Overview Business Space-based missions Business Types Offering SAR and Optical Imaging Satellites Communications Satellites Space Robotics Space-based subsystems Ground-based Integrated Information Solutions Geospatial Services SAR real-time mil-spec d airborne SAR satellite processors many missions Imaging satellite ground stations UAV systems Operation of RADARSAT RADARSAT-2 Stations worldwide Data distributor for all major satellites Value added information products 2

3 MDA is a global company serving clients worldwide MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates, Ltd (MDA) Founded in 1969 built on system engineering Employees: ~ Revenue: CAD$2.1B Offices, customers and projects around the world 3

4 MDA Pipeline Integrity Monitoring Operational Solutions is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT 2014 MDA 4

5 Satellite Data Allows Operators To See Pipeline Problems Landslides Slope failure & landslides Pipeline upheaval buckling from subsidence USGS SoCal Gas blogs.agu.org Gas Explosion from Ground Movement Slope failure & landslides Oil Leaks to Surface Twitter Image DigitalGlobe 2015 Global News 5

6 Pipeline Integrity GeoHazard Risk Impact Health, Safety and Environment Health & Safety Loss of life Water and air quality Wildlife, agriculture, vegetation Field Operations Oil leaks to surface Pipeline Stress ROW encroachment Shutdown, repair, remediation Pipeline Integrity GeoHazard Risks Legal & Social License Regulatory non-compliance Litigation Community impact Investor impact Financial Results Cost to repair damage Remediation and restoration costs Reduced revenue from shutdown Legal costs 6

7 What is InSAR Surface Movement Monitoring? InSAR compares two images taken at separate times to calculate the change in distance from the satellite to ground objects. InSAR can measure movement of a few millimeters using SAR phase information. 7

8 What is InSAR Surface Movement Monitoring? An interferogram is created by plotting the phase change of each pixel. This is a contour map with each fringe equal to 2.8 cm for C-Band RADARSAT-2. In some cases only point targets (rocks, infrastructure, corner reflectors) can be detected if vegetation hides the earth surface. A deformation map is created to show total uplift or subsidence over a large area. A time series of measurements is provided for each surface pixel providing a temporal view of motion. 8

9 Phase and amplitude change analysis Phase Change Analysis (InSAR) Amplitude Change Analysis Analysis of the phase change of each pixel over time provides a time series of surface movement measurements with mm accuracy. SAR data stack Analysis of the amplitude change of each pixel information about the appearance or disappearance of objects and features. Time Changes at different times A series of SAR images collected with the same viewing geometry is used to perform either phase change or amplitude change analysis. New or missing objects 9

10 Satellite Information Services for Pipeline Integrity MDA has been providing satellite information products to the oil and gas industry for over 20 years. InSAR based surface movement monitoring can measure mm level subsidence and slope movement Amplitude Change Detection (ACD) detects significant surface changes for flood, oil spill, and encroachment monitoring Measure Slope Creep Detect Potential Strain Detect Unstable Slopes Measure Motion Near Faults Detect ROW Encroachment Detect Oil Spills Measure Ground Subsidence Burgmann et al., 2014 Track Changes Over Time Locate Stable Terrain Detect Landslides Generate Flood Alerts Monitor Flood Progress 10

11 Canadian Space Agency Pipeline Study Pipeline Monitoring Using Advanced SAR Techniques MDA completed a detailed study for Canadian Space Agency in 2016 Scientific Authority: Alberta Geological Survey Partner: Simon Fraser University Department of Earth Sciences Partner: BGC Engineering Inc. Results published in a paper: Monitoring Landslides along Pipeline Corridors Using a Combined Satellite-Based InSAR and Geomechanical Modelling Approach, Sharma et al., Measure Slope Creep Locate Stable Terrain Detect Landslides Detect Unstable Slopes Track Changes Over Time 11

12 Risk of pipeline damage from landslide can be seen early as slope creep Pipeline ROW N +6cm/year Case Study: Central British Columbia Slope Pipeline ROW traverses a slow moving landslide on a slope above the Fraser River Monthly InSAR analysis measures the movement of the slope Measurements are confirmed with more than a dozen GPS measurements 0cm InSAR measurements vs GPS Cover a much greater spatial extent Provide a much larger number of measurements Provide high density creating a spatial view Downslope motion 1 km Spatial data visualization provides a much clearer understanding of the geohazard than GPS points Areal extent of the motion is well defined in the InSAR Benefit: Informed decisions can be made to investigate further, or take preventative action such as slope stabilization or moving a section of pipeline to -6 cm/year stable terrain. After Sharma et al.,

13 Geomechanical model of slope movement Case Study: Central British Columbia Slope A geomechanical model was created integrating GPS, inclinometer, InSAR data The model identified 7 sub-blocks whose motion was consistent with GPS and InSAR data The model shows a major shear surface at 110m depth is in agreement with the inclinometer data Sharma et al.,

14 See potential strain: gradient of ground movement Case Study: Central British Columbia Slope Sharp differential deformation is a particular concern due to localized high strain on the pipeline Spatial analysis of the surface movement gradient helps visualize potential strain zones Benefit: Action can be taken to deploy additional instrumentation, inspect for damage, or reduce stress to minimize risk of pipeline damage. Ground Movement (cm/year) Potential Strain N 6 cm/yr Gradient of Ground Movement (cm/year/meter) Pipeline ROW 0cm Downslope motion Potential Strain 1 km -6 cm/yr After Sharma et al.,

15 Locate unstable slopes and stable terrain 5.6 km Case Study: Beatton River, BC April Wide area assessment of slope motion and stable terrain 5.5 km Optical satellite data confirms landslide on one detected unstable slope Benefit: Early detection of movement provides the lead time to take preventative action. Agricultural fields Agricultural fields Agricultural fields DigitalGlobe / Google Earth DigitalGlobe / Google Earth -2 cm Pipeline ROW +2 cm 15

16 Detect pipeline strain from surface subsidence Case Study: Pipeline crossing a subsidence zone Pipeline crossing a zone of subsidence caused by enhanced oil recovery operations in Belridge, California Cumulative subsidence was measured to be 2.5 meters over about 11 years The upheaval buckling of a pipeline occurred (red line below) just following a large increase in the velocity of ground subsidence Benefit: Action can be taken to deploy additional instrumentation, inspect for damage, or reduce stress to reduce risk of pipeline damage. C-Core 16

17 Detect Landslides in Remote Regions Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October 2015 October landslide was first detected with change detection River width increase also detected due to river blockage (flood type event) Air photos from October 22, 2015 confirm a landslide θ = /09/ /10/20 Slide first detected with Change Detection river width (& water level) increased Beatton River Beatton River river blocked shadow 1 km shadow landslide 17

18 Detect Landslides in Remote Regions Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October 2015 Landslide Event Landslide event occurred October 2015 Landslide debris blocked water flow Google Earth imagery from June 2015 reveals this was an active landslide area prior to the event of October 2015 Energeticcity.ca Airphoto 2015/10/22 Landslide Area 250 m Google Earth 2015/06/26 Image DigitalGlobe 2015 Google Earth 2015/06/26 Image DigitalGlobe

19 Separating changes in time Case Study: Beatton River, Alberta, October 2015 After the detection of the landslide, Amplitude Change Detection separated persistent changes into five time periods, with most activity occurring in three time periods: a) Small precursor slides in April b) Main October slide c) Follow on slides in November Landslide detection Separating Persistent Changes in Time Nov 2014 Jan 2015 Feb April 2015 = Small early slides May July 2015 Aug - Oct 2015 = Main slide event Time Nov 2015 Jan 2016 = Follow on slides MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2016) All Rights Reserved. 19

20 Detect Oil on Ground 400 m RADARSAT-2 image before the spill RADARSAT-2 image July 10, 2015 after the spill Change Detection product with spill detected Case Study: Pipeline ROW, Alberta, July 2015 Discovered by operator July 15, 2015 Later analysis shows Amplitude Change Detection (ACD) on a pair of RADARSAT-2 images detects a corresponding change in a July 10, 2015 image Benefit: Earlier detection and shutdown may reduce the spill volume, clean up costs and impact to environment. Aerial Photo GLOBAL NEWS 20

21 Detect encroachment activities on/near ROW 400 m RADARSAT-2 image before activity RADARSAT-2 image after activity Change Detection product with oil spill and activity on ROW detected Blue is new / Red has fled Case Study: Pipeline ROW, Alberta, July 2015 Change Detection shows vehicles and equipment on ROW Also detected are changes to the land surface from digging and earth moving activities. Benefit: Early detection of encroachment of ROW or activity near ROW allows investigation and preventative measures. GARRETT BARRY / FORT MCMURRAY TODAY Ground Truth Aerial Photo 21

22 Obtain flood detection alerts and progress monitoring SAR imagery easily detects flat surface of water Change detection shows difference before and during a flood Regular monitoring shows progress of the flood Wide areas can be monitored to produce flood alerts MDA Geospatial Services Inc. (2016) All Rights Reserved. 22

23 InSAR Features 1. Wide Area Coverage SAR imagery can ranges from 18 km wide scenes to over 150 km wide. 2. High Measurement Density Each pixel is a potential measurement. Typical pixel spacing of 3 m 3. High Accuracy Accuracy against GPS has been shown to be 5 mm or better 4. Frequent measurements Measurements can be provided every 24 days or better 5. Vertical + E-W Horizontal Motion Available Measurements can be line of sight to satellite or separate vertical + E-W horizontal 6. Day/Night and all weather reliability Image acquisition occurs in all weather regardless of clouds, rain or darkness. Validation of Operational Surface Movement Measurement at an Enhanced Oil Recovery Field, MD Henschel, B Deschamps, R Rahmoune, and M Sulaimani Petroleum Development Oman, GRSG, 15 December

24 Benefits 1. Confidence that ground movement is understood Monthly/weekly wide area monitoring provides confidence that ground movement is understood on and near the pipeline ROW and infrastructure. 2. InSAR is a recognized best practice Use of satellite InSAR for ground movement monitoring is a recognized best practice for monitoring slope stability, subsidence and ground movement in mining, enhanced oil recovery and right of way operations. 3. Satisfies regulatory requirements InSAR satisfies regulatory requirements for ground movement monitoring. (e.g. Alberta Energy Regulator, California Division of Oil, Gas, & Geothermal Resources (DOGGR). 4. Added insight from wide area, high density, high accuracy measurements InSAR provides a high resolution, big picture view of ground motion to increase understanding. 5. Increased efficiency and effectiveness of field work Accurate measurements of ground motion allow field inspections and instrumentation to be allocated efficiently to known risk areas. 6. Early detection reduces risk of pipeline damage Early detection and measurement allows action to be taken to reduce risk of damage. 7. Monitor progress of remediation work InSAR monitoring provides a means to assess the success of remediation work (for example to increase slope stability). 24

25 Satellite Information Services for Pipeline Integrity Thank you for your time. Questions? Measure Slope Creep Detect Potential Strain Detect Unstable Slopes Measure Motion Near Faults Detect ROW Encroachment Detect Oil Spills Measure Ground Subsidence Burgmann et al., 2014 Track Changes Over Time Locate Stable Terrain Detect Landslides Generate Flood Alerts Monitor Flood Progress 25

26 Image Credits and Disclaimer Language RESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY CONTENT This presentation includes content that is proprietary to MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. ( MDA ), its subsidiaries, and third parties. Do not disclose, use, or duplicate this document or of any of its content. MDA provides this presentation for general information purposes only, and this presentation does not constitute an offer, promise, warranty or guarantee of performance. MDA and its licensors do not authorize, and disclaim all liability for, any actions taken in reliance on this presentation. The products depicted are subject to change, and are not necessarily production representative. Actual results may vary depending on certain events or conditions. COPYRIGHT 2016 MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd., and third parties. All rights reserved. RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd (year of acquisition or range of years to span entire presentation). All Rights Reserved. RADARSAT is an official mark of the Canadian Space Agency. Page(s) 8-12, 14-16, 18, 20-23, 26. RADARSAT Data Canadian Space Agency/Agence Spatiale Canadienne ( ). All Rights Reserved. Page(s) 8-12, 14, 18, 20-23, 26. GENERAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Certain images contained in this document are property of third parties: P. 5 Image of Landslide (top left) COPYRIGHT USGS All rights reserved. From P. 5 Image of Slope failure (top center) COPYRIGHT blogs.agu.org. All rights reserved. From blogs.agu.org P. 5 (top right) & 16 Image of Buckled pipeline COPYRIGHT C-Core. All rights reserved. From and P. 5 Image of Gas Explosion (bottom left) COPYRIGHT Twitter. All rights reserved. From Twitter P. 5 and 19 Images of slope failure COPYRIGHT DigitalGlobe. All rights reserved. From Google Earth Pro. P. 5 Image of Oil Leak COPYRIGHT Global News All rights reserved.. From P. 10, 17 and 26 Image of Motion near faults COPYRIGHT Burgmann, et al., 2104 All rights reserved. From Final Technical Report Time-dependent creep of the Calaveras fault from 18-years of InSAR, GPS and repeating earthquakes. P. 12, 13, 14 Image of Slope movement COPYRIGHT Sharma et al, All rights reserved. From Monitoring Landslides Along Pipeline Corridors Using a Combined Satellite-Based InSAR and Geomechanical Modelling Approach P. 15 Image of Landslide COPYRIGHT DigitalGlobe All rights reserved. From Google Earth Pro P. 19 Photo of Landslide and river COPYRIGHT Energeticcity.ca. All rights reserved. From P. 21 Image of Lake and oil spill COPYRIGHT Global News All rights reserved. From P. 22 Image of Lake and oil spill COPYRIGHT Garrett Barry / Fort McMurray Today All rights reserved. From 26