Amina Rangoonwala and Elijah Ramsey III Wetland and Aquatic Research Center. U.S. Geological Survey. Lafayette, LA

Transcription

1 First I will show examples of radar mapping of hurricane surge extent and duration and optical mapping of the resultant marsh dieback along the Louisiana coast Next we extend these works to hurricane Sandy surge persistence calculated from a series of SAR images collected after landfall Sandy surge persistence is then associated with marsh dieback calculated based on optical image data The presentation is an overview of the map products. Details of the data and the techniques used are available in a series of our publications and reports Also included are maps prepared for emergency response operations under the March 2016 International Charter activation for Louisiana Amina Rangoonwala and Elijah Ramsey III Wetland and Aquatic Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Lafayette, LA U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey

2 Optical and RADAR (SAR) Imaging Optical (passive) imaging measures the reflectance of sunlight from the earths surface Radar (active) imaging provides its own illumination to record data day and night in nearly all weather conditions Optical Radar Adapted from e-goes on line presentation

3 2005 Hurricane Rita ENVISAT ASAR Images Ramsey III, E., Z. Lu, Y. Suzuoki, A. Rangoonwala, and D. Werle, Monitoring duration and extent of storm surge flooding along the Louisiana coast with Envisat ASAR data. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 4(2),

4 Storm Surge Flood Map from ENVISAT ASAR Limit of Coverage ENVISAT ASAR Image Mode October Hurricane Envisat ENVISAT ASAR Rita Land 29 July October November December Fall 2005 around Sabine North Year days later From H. Rita ASAR Reference Scene 29-Jul Rita Landfall Preciptation

5 2008 Hurricanes Gustav and Ike RADAR Optical MODIS TM Post-Hurricanes Post TM image with Flood Inundation from ENVISAT ASAR Post TM image with Flood Inundation from ENVISAT ASAR Hurricanes Gustav and Ike Hurricane Ike Landfall Galveston, TX 13 September 0700 UTC MODIS (Optical) 16:55 UTC and ASAR (Radar) 16:11 UTC 14 September 2008 LANDSAT TM 2008 September and October

6 2008 Hurricane Impact to Coastal Marshes Ramsey III, E., D. Werle, Y. Suzuoki, A. Rangoonwala, and Z. Lu, Limitations and Potential of Optical and Radar Satellite Imagery to Monitor Environmental Response to Coastal Emergencies in Louisiana, USA, Journal of Coastal Research, 28(2),

7 Hurricane Sandy Surge Extent, Persistence and Marsh Change along the 127 mile New Jersey Coast Objectives Surge extent maps using calibrated radar TerraSAR-X and COSMO X-band images Surge persistence map using the radar flood extents Marsh condition change-sudden High Marsh dieback using pre- Low Lagoon and post optical data Marsh Marsh condition change association with surge persistence Upland Short form S. alterniflora Rangoonwala, A., Enwright, N. M, Ramsey III, E., and Spruce J P., (2016), Radar and optical mapping of surge persistence and marsh dieback along the New Jersey Mid-Atlantic coast after Hurricane Sandy, International Journal of Remote

8 Hurricane Sandy Surge and Marsh Dieback in the New Jersey Coastal Zone NOAA flood extent at landfall 10/29/12 8:00 PM (EDT) Resilience described by marsh exposure to surge as determined by surge extent and persistence and the change in marsh condition. Focus Region Surge flooding mainly subcanopy -shows presence or absence of flooding Optical Radar Image footprints Yellow line delineates the low lying coastal areas. The extent of the our surge and marsh change maps match coastal marsh extent (NJDEP (New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection) Land use/land cover update). The initial surge extent was based on methods documented by NOAA that uses water level, topography, and USGS high water marks.

9 Surge Extent after Landfall COSMO October 2012 TSX TSX October November hours hours

10 31 Oct 2012 Surface Water Surface Depression

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13 5 Km 0 5 Km 0 5 Km SAR-based surge persistence and optical-based marsh condition change revealed a region of high surge-related back-barrier marsh impacts extending about 20-km north of the Hurricane Sandy landfall track Just to the north, lower persistence was generally aligned with little change in condition. Outside of these regions, distinct patterns in persistence and condition were possibly related to freshwater mitigation, heterogeneity of marsh structure, and differential resilience. Our approach and products provide resource management with a new and effective strategy for identifying and responding to surge persistence latent impacts to coastal resiliency.

14 International Charter activities in response to coastal flooding Examples of March 2016 river flooding in Louisiana

15 TerraSAR-X (German Satellite) Area to the northeast of Shreveport, Louisiana Darker Light tones blue - indicate possible lower understory backscatter open flooding water of or forest water stands height including at or above vegetation riparian areas Brighter Dark blue tones - open indicate water higher including backscatter for possible example, flooding surface of fields flooding and beneath tree grasslands stands (riparian forest) Using Permanent only one water date, bodies we do shown not know as if the black surface were water extracted extent from is atypical the LOSCO 1 database Yellow- all other nonflooded landscape 1 Louisiana Oil Spill Coordinator's Office (based on 2002 Landsat Thematic Mapper Data)

16 RADARSAT-2 (Canadian Satellite) C-band

17 TerraSAR-X (German Satellite) Pearl River area Two TSX image collections were used to map surface water extent Predate is 07 February 2008 (23:49:00 UTC) Land areas with standing water in both 2008 and 2016 were excluded in the difference mapping. For example, the permanently flooded cypress forest surrounding Interstate 10 in the Pearl River basin is not included in the surface water map

18 ALOS-2 (Japanese Satellite) L band 23 February 2015; (17:55:48.13 UTC) 21 March 2016; (17:55:42.47 UTC) Pearl River area Land areas with standing water in both 2015 and 2016 were excluded in the difference mapping. For example, the permanently flooded cypress forest surrounding Interstate 10 in the Pearl River basin is not included in the surface water map

19 Thank you