Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing

Transcription

1 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park CGS1871 CGS1871 Prepared for Northlakes Pty Ltd C/- McCloy Group Pty Ltd December 2013

2 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Contact Information Cardno (NSW/ACT) Pty Ltd Trading as Cardno Geotech Solutions ABN /5 Arunga Drive Beresfield NSW 2322 PO Box 4224 Edgeworth NSW 2285 Australia Document Information Prepared for Project Name File Reference Job Reference Northlakes Pty Ltd C/- McCloy Group Pty Ltd Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park CGS docx CGS1871 Date December 2013 Telephone: Facsimile: International: geotech@cardno.com.au Document Control Version Date Description of Revision Prepared By Prepared (Signature) Reviewed By Reviewed (Signature) 0 19/12/2013 Initial issue DD PB Version Reason for Issue Approved for Release By Approved (Signature) Approved Release Date 0 Initial issue to client PB 19/12/2013 Cardno Copyright in the whole and every part of this document belongs to Cardno and may not be used, sold, transferred, copied or reproduced in whole or in part in any manner or form or in or on any media to any person other than by agreement with Cardno. This document is produced by Cardno solely for the benefit and use by the client in accordance with the terms of the engagement. Cardno does not and shall not assume any responsibility or liability whatsoever to any third party arising out of any use or reliance by any third party on the content of this document. December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions ii

3 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Site Description 4 3 Earthworks Methodology Results of Compaction Testing Lot Regrade & General Fill Pavement Testing 5 4 Investigation Methodology 6 5 Investigation Findings Published Data Subsurface Conditions Laboratory Test Results 7 6 Comments and Recommendations Site Classification Footings High-Level Footings Piered Footings 10 7 Conclusions 10 8 Limitations 11 9 References 11 Appendices Appendix A Drawings Appendix B Engineering Logs & Explanatory Notes Appendix C Laboratory Test Results Appendix D Compaction Test Results Appendix E CSIRO Information Sheet BTF 18 Tables Table 5-1 Summary of Subsurface Conditions 7 Table 5-2 Summary of Shrink Swell Test Results 7 Table 6-1 General Definition of Site Classes 8 December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions iii

4 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park 1 Introduction This report presents the results of geotechnical investigation undertaken by Cardno Geotech Solutions (CGS) on Stage 29, Northlakes Estate located at Cameron Park. The report describes the results of construction control testing undertaken by CGS throughout the Stage 29 earthworks in accordance with Australian Standard , Guidelines for Earthworks on Residential and Commercial Developments [1]. The report also details investigation to provide site classification of the lots within Stage 29 in accordance with Australian Standard AS Residential Slabs and Footings [2]. For the purpose of the investigation, Parson Brinckerhoff (PB) construction plans were provided by McCloy Group, reference A revision 1, dated The work was conducted at the request of Mr Andrew Day of McCloy Group Pty Ltd. 2 Site Description Stage 29 of Northlakes Estate is located on the northern extent of the existing Northlakes residential development. The site is irregular in shape and is bounded by a strip of bushland and the Newcastle Link Road to the north, existing Stage 28 to the east and south and Stage 31 to the west. Stage 29 comprises 33 residential allotments (lots ), construction of internal road pavements and other associated infrastructure. At the time of investigation construction of Stage 29 was virtually complete, with inter-allotment drainage in place and landscaping works in progress. Internal roads had been sealed with all kerb and gutters constructed along with the footpaths. Topographically the site is located on the south facing slopes of a ridgeline which follows the approximate alignment of the Newcastle Link Road and the south-west facing slopes of a spur that follows the alignment of Seacrest Drive. Earthworks within lots and comprised benching of the individual lots generally by locally cutting and filling to create level platforms. Based off the overall plan sheet provided, natural surfaces in these lots prior to development sloped to the west and south-west at gradients of approximately 5-7 and as a result of the earthworks the individual allotments are now relatively flat. Filling has been undertaken on lots and where a small gully existed to create a south facing slope at gradients of approximately 4-7. Minimal regrade has been conducted within the other lots, with scattered semi mature to mature trees observed across these lots. Drainage across the site is expected to comprise surface flows following the natural and constructed slopes, via the inter-allotment and internal road drainage network, ultimately to a drainage basin to the west of the site. 3 Earthworks Earthworks for the development of Stage 29 commenced in July 2013 and were carried out by Daracon Group which included the development of: > Thirty three (33) residential allotments (lots ); > Sandfield Street (Road 47); > Medina Place (Road 46); and > Bellona Chase (Road 45). December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 4

5 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park The earthworks included regrade within lots and lots to create level building platforms, within the gully in lots and lots and within the road alignments to achieve design levels. Testing was undertaken on lot fill in accordance with Section 8 of AS It is noted that site regrade activities were sporadic due to inclement weather and staging of works. Earthworks were undertaken utilising surplus material acquired from adjacent stages and onsite materials acquired from road cuttings and regrade and comprised silty and sandy clay with varying proportions of gravel. 3.1 Methodology Regrade operations were undertaken by removing the topsoil and any uncontrolled fill to expose the natural in situ soils which were free of significant organic matter. Natural surfaces were inspected and proof rolled using a compactor or wheeled construction equipment that was available at the time of inspection. Fill operations were undertaken by placing layers of approximately 200mm to 300mm thickness and compacting to specified limits. Compacted fill layers were then tested for compaction in accordance with the guidelines indicated in AS Table 5.1 Item 1 of AS 3798 was adopted as the appropriate compaction criteria by the client for the work with a minimum relative compaction of 95% standard required as appropriate for residential - lot fill housing sites. Fill was tested in accordance with Table 8.1 Frequency of Field Density Tests for Type 1 Large Scale Operations (AS3798). Placement and compaction of fill was undertaken with Cardno Geotech Solutions site personnel providing onsite inspection and testing services during earthworks activities. 3.2 Results of Compaction Testing Lot Regrade & General Fill Results of compaction testing of lot regrade areas undertaken by Geotech Solutions indicate that the filling operations have satisfied the compaction criteria for controlled fill as defined in Clause of AS2870. All testing has either met or exceeded the specification adopted of 95% standard compaction at moisture contents of generally 85% to 115% of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) at the time of placement with any failures being re-worked and retested. Geotechnical services provided during regrade comply with AS 3798, with testing undertaken to the minimum frequency as indicated in Table 8.1 for Type 1 Large Scale Operations. A total of forty nine lot regrade compaction test results from Stage 29 are included in this report and twelve general fill and pipe backfill compaction test results. The results of compaction testing, along with proof rolling, meet the requirements of Lake Macquarie City Council Engineering Guidelines Part 2 Construction Specification [3]. Compaction results are shown on NATA accredited test certificates, attached in Appendix D Pavement Testing A total of forty three compaction tests were undertaken during the construction of roads within Stage 29 including: > Seven general fill tests; > Twelve subgrade tests; > Twelve subbase tests; and > Twelve basecourse tests. Testing was undertaken to meet the requirements of Lake Macquarie City Council Engineering Guidelines Part 2 Construction Specification. All testing either met or exceeded the specification requirements with any failures being re-worked and retested. NATA accredited test certificates are attached in Appendix D. December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 5

6 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park 4 Investigation Methodology Field investigation was undertaken on the 12 th December 2013 and comprised the excavation of 17 test bores (TB201-TB217) using a 3.5t excavator fitted with a 200mm auger attachment. Test bores were excavated to a target depth of 1.8 m, with 8 bores terminated due to refusal on rock. Dynamic Cone Penetrometer tests (DCP) were conducted adjacent to the test bores to aid in the assessment of subsurface strength conditions. Thin wall tube (50mm diameter) samples of selected materials from the bores were collected for subsequent laboratory testing. All fieldwork including logging of subsurface profiles and collection of samples was carried out by a Geotechnical Engineer from CGS. The test bores were located relative to allotment boundaries and site features and are shown on Drawing 1, attached in Appendix A. Subsurface conditions are summarised in Section 5.2 and detailed in the engineering logs of test bores attached in Appendix B, together with explanatory notes. Laboratory testing on selected samples recovered during fieldwork comprised of shrink swell tests carried out on thin wall tube (50mm diameter) samples of the natural clays and fill materials encountered at the site to measure soil volume change over an extreme soil moisture content range. Results of laboratory testing are detailed in the reports sheets attached in Appendix C and summarised in Section Investigation Findings 5.1 Published Data Reference to the Newcastle Coalfield Geology Map indicates that the site is situated within the Permian Age Newcastle Coal measures in the vicinity of the Boolaroo Subgroup formation. This formation is known to comprise sandstone, conglomerate, siltstone, coal and tuff rock types and residual soils derived from weathering of these rocks. 5.2 Subsurface Conditions The subsurface conditions encountered in the test bores excavated across the site are detailed on the report log sheets and attached in Appendix B together with explanatory notes. The natural subsurface profile within the allotments generally comprised clay and silty clay overlying weathered siltstone and sandstone rock. The clay profile contained minor proportions of silt and siltstone rock fragments. Fill materials observed in lots , and within the benched lots generally comprised sandy clay with minor proportions of sand and rock fragments. Based on results of construction control testing conducted by CGS during subdivision construction as detailed in Section 3, the fill material placed within the allotments has been placed as controlled fill in accordance with AS The natural clays and clay fill materials were assessed to range from dry to slightly wet of Standard Optimum Moisture Content (SOMC) at the time of fieldwork. Based on DCP blow counts, the natural clays were predominantly very stiff to hard in consistency at the time of the investigation. A general summary of the subsurface conditions encountered across the site is presented below in Table 5-1. December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 6

7 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Table 5-1 Summary of Subsurface Conditions Test pit Topsoil / fill (m) Practical refusal / test pit depth (m) Summary of subsurface profile TOPSOIL / Silty CLAY / XW (1) SILTSTONE TOPSOIL / CLAY / XW SILTSTONE TOPSOIL / CLAY / XW-DW (2) SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE * TOPSOIL / Silty CLAY / XW SILTSTONE (FILL) Sandy CLAY / Sandy CLAY / XW-DW SANDSTONE TOPSOIL / CLAY / Silty CLAY / XW-DW SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE * TOPSOIL / CLAY / XW SILTSTONE TOPSOIL / CLAY / XW SILTSTONE * TOPSOIL / Silty CLAY / XW SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE * (FILL) Sandy CLAY / CLAY * TOPSOIL / Silty CLAY / XW SILTSTONE TOPSOIL / Silty CLAY / XW SILTSTONE * (FILL) Sandy CLAY / Silty CLAY / XW SILTSTONE * FILL) Sandy CLAY / Sandy Silty CLAY * (FILL) Sandy CLAY / XW SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE (FILL) Sandy CLAY / XW SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE TOPSOIL / DW SILTSTONE-SANDSTONE Notes: Depths in bold indicate fill * Indicates target depth reached (1) XW Extremely Weathered (2) DW Distinctly Weathered No groundwater or seepage was encountered in the test bores at the time of fieldwork. It should be noted that groundwater levels are likely to fluctuate with variations in climatic and site conditions. 5.3 Laboratory Test Results The results of the laboratory shrink swell tests undertaken on samples of the clay soils encountered during the investigation are detailed on the laboratory test report sheets attached in Appendix C and are summarised below in Table 5-2. Table 5-2 Summary of Shrink Swell Test Results Test Pit Depth (m) Soil Type Esw (%) Esh (%) Iss (%) Silty CLAY CLAY CLAY Silty CLAY FILL, Sandy CLAY Silty CLAY FILL, Sandy CLAY Notes: Esw Swelling strain Esh Shrinkage strain Iss Shrink swell Index December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 7

8 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park The results of the laboratory shrink swell tests summarised in Table 5-2 indicate that the tested natural clay soils are moderately to highly reactive and the natural silty clay soils are slightly to moderately reactive. Results of testing conducted on the sandy clay fill indicate the materials tested are slightly reactive. 6 Comments and Recommendations 6.1 Site Classification Australian Standard AS [2] establishes performance requirements and specific designs for common foundation conditions as well as providing guidance on the design of footing systems using engineering principles. Site classes as defined on Table 2.1 and 2.3 of AS 2870 are presented on Table 6-1 below. Table 6-1 Site Class A S M H1 H2 E General Definition of Site Classes Foundation Most sand and rock sites with little or no ground movement from moisture changes Slightly reactive clay sites, which may experience only slight ground movement from moisture changes Moderately reactive clay or silt sites, which may experience moderate ground movement from moisture changes Highly reactive clay sites, which may experience high ground movement from moisture changes Highly reactive clay sites, which may experience very high ground movement from moisture changes Extremely reactive sites, which may experience extreme ground movement from moisture changes A to P Filled sites (refer to clause of AS 2870) P Characteristic Surface Movement 0-20mm 20-40mm 40-60mm 60-75mm > 75mm Sites which include soft soils, such as soft clay or silt or loose sands; landslip; mine subsidence; collapsing soils; soils subject to erosion; reactive sites subject to abnormal moisture conditions or sites which cannot be classified otherwise. Reactive sites are sites consisting of clay soils that swell on wetting and shrink on drying, resulting in ground movements that can damage lightly loaded structures. The amount of ground movement is related to the physical properties of the clay and environmental factors such as climate, vegetation and watering. A higher probability of damage can occur on reactive sites where abnormal moisture conditions occur, as defined in AS 2870, due to factors such as: > Presence of trees on the building site or adjacent site, removal of trees prior to or after construction, and the growth of trees too close to a footing. The proximity of mature trees and their effect on foundations should be considered when determining building areas within each allotment (refer to AS 2870); > Failure to provide adequate site drainage or lack of maintenance of site drainage, failure to repair plumbing leaks and excessive or irregular watering of gardens; > Unusual moisture conditions caused by removal of structures, ground covers (such as pavements), drains, dams, swimming pools, tanks etc. In regard to the performance of footings systems, AS 2870 states footing systems designed and constructed in accordance with this Standard on a normal site (see Clause 1.3.2) [2] that is: (a) not subject to abnormal moisture conditions; and (b) maintained such that the original site classification remains valid and abnormal moisture conditions do not develop; December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 8

9 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park are expected to experience usually no damage, a low incidence of damage category 1 and an occasional incidence of damage category 2. Damage categories are defined in Appendix C of AS 2870, which is reproduced in CSIRO Information Sheet BTF 18, Foundation Maintenance and Footing Performance: A Homeowner s Guide. The laboratory shrink swell test results summarised in Table 5-2 indicate that the natural clay and silty clay soils tested are slightly to highly reactive, with Iss values in the range of 1.3% to 4.5%. The laboratory test results indicate that the tested sandy clay fill materials are slightly reactive with Iss values in the range of 1.1% to 1.3%. The classification of sites with controlled fill of depths greater than 0.4m (deep fill) comprising of material other than sand would be Class P. An alternative classification may however be given to sites with controlled fill where consideration is made to the potential for movement of the fill and underlying soil based on the moisture conditions at the time of construction and the long term equilibrium moisture conditions. Based on the results of fieldwork and laboratory test results and in accordance with the AS ; all lots ( ) in their existing condition and in the absence of abnormal moisture conditions would be classified as Class M, moderately reactive. A characteristic surface movement in the range of 20-35mm has been calculated for the lots based on a design depth of suction change (H s ) of 1.8m. As noted in Section 2, scattered semi mature to mature trees were noted within lots , , and In consideration of the site conditions and Clause of AS , the presence of mature trees may be considered to result in abnormal moisture conditions at the site. These trees should be removed from within the building area and surrounding areas to distances as detailed in Appendix B of AS Following removal of trees, sufficient time should be allowed for the soil moisture to re-equilibrate or the soil should be moisture reconditioned prior to construction. It should be appreciated that the site classifications provided above are based on test bores and laboratory testing of multiple layers over the depth of total soil suction change in the soil profile. It should be noted that individual lot development can include other geotechnical studies and care should be taken that single laboratory results are not allocated to the full depth of the soil profile, as biased site classifications can result. Similarly there is the potential for dissimilar founding conditions encountered across individual lots, i.e. shallow rock and site clays. Footings for the support of the proposed structures should be founded on the same material. The above site classifications and footing recommendations are for the site conditions present at the time of fieldwork and consequently the site classification may need to be reviewed with consideration of any site works that may be undertaken subsequent to the investigation and this report. Site works may include: > Changes to the existing soil profile by cutting and filling; > Landscaping, including trees removed or planted in the general building area; and > Drainage and watering systems. Designs and design methods presented in AS [2] are based on the performance requirement that significant damage can be avoided provided that site conditions are properly maintained. Performance requirements and foundation maintenance are outlined in Appendix B of AS The above site classification assumes that the performance requirements as set out in Appendix B of AS 2870 are acceptable and that site foundation maintenance is undertaken to avoid extremes of wetting and drying. Details on appropriate site and foundation maintenance practices are presented in Appendix B of AS and in CSIRO Information Sheet BTF 18, Foundation Maintenance and Footing Performance: A Homeowner s Guide, which is attached as Appendix D of this report along with Australian Geoguide (LR8) Hillside Construction Practice. Adherence to the detailing requirement outlined in Section 5 of AS is essential, in particular Section 5.6 Additional requirements for Classes M, H1, H2 and E sites, including architectural restrictions, plumbing and drainage requirements. December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 9

10 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park 6.2 Footings All foundations should be designed and constructed in accordance with AS 2870 with reference to site classifications mentioned above. All footings should be founded below any topsoil, slopewash, deleterious soils or uncontrolled fill. All footings for the same structure should be founded on strata of similar stiffness and reactivity to minimise the risk of differential movements High-Level Footings High-level footing alternatives could be expected to comprise slabs on ground with edge beams or pad footings for the support of concentrated loads. Such footings designed in accordance with engineering principles and founded in stiff or better natural soils (below topsoil, slopewash, uncontrolled fill or other deleterious material) or in controlled fill (placed and compacted in accordance with AS3798) should be designed on an allowable bearing capacity of 100kPa. The founding conditions should be assessed by a geotechnical consultant or experienced engineer to confirm suitable conditions Piered Footings Piered footings are considered as an alternative to deep edge beams or high level footings. It is suggested that piered footings, founded in stiff or better clay soils or controlled fill could be proportioned on an end bearing pressure of 100kPa. Where uniformly founded in the underlying rock, an end bearing pressure of 500kPa could be adopted. Where piered footing are utilised, the potential for volume change in the subsurface profile should be taken into considered by the designer. All footings should be founded below any topsoil, slopewash, deleterious soils or uncontrolled fill. All footings for the same structure should be founded on strata of similar stiffness and reactivity to minimise the risk of differential movements. Inspection of high level or pier footings excavations should be undertaken to confirm the founding conditions and the base should be cleared of fall-in prior to the formation of the footing. 7 Conclusions Earthworks undertaken for Stage 29 of the Northlakes Estate development have been undertaken in accordance with guidelines outlined in AS3798. Fill material placed was tested at the frequency specified in Table 8.1 from AS3798. Placement and compaction of fill was observed by CGS site personnel, who provided onsite inspection and monitoring during earthworks activities. The investigation revealed a subsurface profile comprising natural clay and silty clay overlying weathered siltstone and sandstone rock and sandy clay fill materials. With reference to earthworks monitoring by CGS, fill materials within the lots have been placed as controlled fill in accordance with AS3798. As specified in AS2870, the classification of sites with deep controlled fill is Class P. However, an alternative classification has been given to the lots with consideration of the fill being placed as controlled fill in accordance with AS3798 and to the long term moisture equilibrium conditions of the controlled fill profile. Based on the subsurface profiles encountered and laboratory test results, and in accordance with AS2870, the Stage 29 lots are classified as Class M, moderately reactive. Footings founded in natural stiff or better clay soils or controlled fill may be proportioned on an allowable bearing pressure of 100kPa. Piered footings founded uniformly on rock could be proportioned on an allowable bearing pressure of 500kPa. Inspection of footings by a geotechnical consultant or experienced engineer is required to provide confirmation of founding conditions. December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 10

11 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park 8 Limitations Cardno Geotech Solutions have performed investigation and consulting services for this project in general accordance with current professional and industry. The extent of testing was limited to discrete test locations. Variations in ground conditions can occur between test locations that cannot be inferred or predicted. Site classifications are based on the presumption of similar subsurface conditions between test locations. A geotechnical consultant or qualified engineer should inspect foundations and excavations to confirm assumed conditions in this assessment. If subsurface conditions encountered during construction differ from those given in this report, further advice should be sought without delay. Cardno Geotech Solutions, or any other reputable consultant, cannot provide unqualified warranties nor does it assume any liability for the site conditions not observed or accessible during the investigations. Site conditions may also change subsequent to the investigations and assessment due to ongoing use. This report and associated documentation was undertaken for the specific purpose described in the report and should not be relied on for other purposes. This report was prepared solely for the use by Northlakes Pty Ltd and McCloy Group Pty Ltd and any reliance assumed by other parties on this report shall be at such parties own risk. 9 References [1] Australian Standard AS , Guidelines on Earthworks for Commercial and Residential Structures, Standards Australia, [2] Australian Standard AS , Residential Slabs and Footings, Standards Australia, [3] LMCC Engineering Guidelines - Part 2, Construction Specification, Lake Macquarie City Council, September December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 11

12 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park APPENDIX A DRAWINGS December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 12

13 SITE SITE N TB209 TB210 TB211 TB212 TB208 TB207 TB205 TB204 TB203 TB202 TB206 TB201 TB216 NOTES: Drawing adapted from Parsons Brinckerhoff overall plan reference A-500-CIV-0002, Revision 1, dated TB214 TB215 TB217 TB213 Drawing is not to scale LEGEND: Approximate test bore locations and numbers DRAWING TITLE: PROJECT NAME: SITE LOCATION: TESTBORE LOCATION PLAN SITE CLASSIFICATION NORTHLAKES ESTATE, STAGE 29 CLIENT: McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT NO: CGS1871 DRAWING NO: 1 FILE REF: CGS d1r1 DRAWN BY: DD CHECKED BY: OFFICE: 4/5 Arunga Drive, Beresfield NSW 2322 DATE: 12 December 2013

14 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park APPENDIX B ENGINEERING LOGS & EXPLANATORY NOTES December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 13

15 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB201 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC < PL m Silty CLAY, high plasticity, brown, trace sand m U m MC < PL H m SILTSTONE, pale brown-pale grey, with laminations of sandstone GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.60m Testbore TB201 terminated at 1.60 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense VL ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB201 Page 1 OF 1

16 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB202 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m CLAY, medium plasticity, brown, trace silt and sand MC = PL VSt 9 colour change to orange-grey m SILTSTONE, pale brown-pale orange, with laminations of sandstone, fine to medium grained XW VL GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.40m Testbore TB202 terminated at 1.40 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB202 Page 1 OF 1

17 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB203 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m CLAY, high plasticity, brown-orange, trace silt and sand m U50 MC = PL VSt to H m m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale grey-pale orange, fine to medium grained 14 XW EL to VL 1.0 GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.40m Testbore TB203 terminated at 1.40 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS DW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB203 Page 1 OF 1

18 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB204 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, brown-orange, fine to coarse grained sand, with gravel and cobbles MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 13 MC = PL m Silty CLAY, high plasticity, brown-orange MC = PL VSt m SILTSTONE, pale grey-pale orange 13 GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m Testbore TB204 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense VL ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB204 Page 1 OF 1

19 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB205 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, brown-orange, fine to coarse grained sand, with gravel MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 11 MC = PL MC > PL with some orange m SANDSTONE, fine to medium grained, pale orange-orange 12 GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.50m Testbore TB205 terminated at 1.50 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW to DW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS VL ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB205 Page 1 OF 1

20 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB206 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL 0.10m 12 CLAY, low plasticity, orange mottled grey, trace sand MC < PL VSt m U m 0.90m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale grey-pale orange, fine to medium grained 1.0 DW VL GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.20m Testbore TB206 terminated at 1.20 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB206 Page 1 OF 1

21 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB207 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m CLAY, low plasticity, brown, trace silt pale orange-pale brown MC = PL VSt GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.20m 1.80m SILTSTONE, pale brown-pale grey pale orange Testbore TB207 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB207 Page 1 OF 1

22 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB208 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 10 MC = PL 0.25m CLAY, medium to high plasticity, orange, trace silt becominig silty MC = PL VSt 0.80m U m GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.20m 1.80m SILTSTONE, pale orange-pale grey Testbore TB208 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB208 Page 1 OF 1

23 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB209 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace fine grained sand MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m Silty CLAY, medium to high plasticity, orang, trace sand 10 pale brown-pale orange MC = PL VSt to H GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.30m 1.80m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale orange-pale grey, fine grained Testbore TB209 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB209 Page 1 OF 1

24 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB210 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown-pale orange, fine to coarse grained sand, with sandstone rock fragments and cobbles MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 9 12 MC > PL m CLAY, high plasticity, pale brown-pale grey, with silt, trace sand GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m becoimg extremely weathered siltstone Testbore TB210 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY MC > PL VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS VSt ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB210 Page 1 OF 1

25 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB211 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown-orange, trace sand 9 8 MC = PL VSt 0.5 pale grey-pale red m SILTSTONE, pale grey 1.0 GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m Testbore TB211 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB211 Page 1 OF 1

26 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB212 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Silty CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, trace roots MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC = PL m Silty CLAY, medium plasticity, brown, trace sand MC = PL VSt to H m U m 0.80m SILTSTONE, pale grey-pale brown. fine to medium grained 1.0 XW VL GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.40m Testbore TB212 terminated at 1.40 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB212 Page 1 OF 1

27 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB213 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, fine to medium grained sand, trace siltstone rock fragments MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 6 7 MC = PL m Silty CLAY, medium plasticity, pale brown MC = PL m SILTSTONE, pale grey GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m Testbore TB213 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB213 Page 1 OF 1

28 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB214 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, fine to medium grained sand, trace siltstone rock fragments MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC > PL m Sandy Silty CLAY, medium plasticity, pale brown, fine grained sand GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m Testbore TB214 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY MC > PL VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS VSt EL VL L M H VH EH 11 ROCK STRENGTH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB214 Page 1 OF 1

29 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB215 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, fine to medium grained sand, trace siltstone/sandstone rock fragments MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations m 8 U MC > PL m m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale grey-pale orange, fine to medium grained GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.80m Testbore TB215 terminated at 1.80 m Target depth SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY XW VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense EL to VL CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB215 Page 1 OF 1

30 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB216 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components FILL, Gravelly Sandy CLAY, low plasticity, pale brown, fine to medium grained sand, siltstone/sandstone rock fragments MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations 7 6 MC = PL m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale grey-pale orange, fine to medium grained XW VL GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. 1.40m Testbore TB216 terminated at 1.40 m Refusal SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB216 Page 1 OF 1

31 CLIENT : McCloy Group Pty Ltd PROJECT : Site Classification LOCATION : Northlakes Estate, Stage 29 EQUIPMENT TYPE : 3.5t Excavator DATE EXCAVATED : 12/12/13 LOCATION : See Drawing for location TESTBORE LOG METHOD : 200mm auger LOGGED BY : DD HOLE NO : TB217 PROJECT REF : CGS1871 SHEET : 1 OF 1 CHECKED BY : GROUND WATER LEVELS SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS DEPTH (m) 0.0 GRAPHIC LOG CLASSIFICATION SYMBOL MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Soil Type, plasticity or particle characteristic, colour Rock Type, grain size, colour Secondary and minor components TOPSOIL, Sandy SILT, pale brown, fine to medium grained sand MOISTURE / WEATHERING CONSISTENCY / REL DENSITY / ROCK STRENGTH DYNAMIC PENETROMETER HAND PENETRO- METER (kpa) STRUCTURE & Other Observations MC < PL 0.10m SILTSTONE/SANDSTONE, pale brown, pale orange, fine to medium grained DW VL to L 0.40m Testbore TB217 terminated at 0.40 m Refusal GEOTECH_SOLUTIONS_03 LIBRARY.GLB Log CGS_TESTHOLE_LOG_02 CGS_1871_NORTHLAKES_STAGE_29.GPJ 20/12/ : WATER / MOISTURE D - Dry M - Moist W - Wet OMC - Optimum MC PL - Plastic Limit Water inflow See Explanatory Notes for details of abbreviations & basis of descriptions. SAMPLES & FIELD TESTS U D ES B SPT HP - Undisturbed Sample - Disturbed Sample - Environmental sample - Bulk Disturbed Sample - Standard Penetration Test - Hand/Pocket Penetrometer CONSISTENCY VS - Very Soft S - Soft F - Firm St - Stiff VSt - Very Stiff H - Hard RELATIVE DENSITY VL - Very Loose L - Loose MD - Medium Dense D - Dense VD - Very Dense CARDNO GEOTECH SOLUTIONS ROCK STRENGTH EL VL L M H VH EH - Extremely low - Very low - Low - Medium - High - Very high - Extremely high ROCK WEATHERING RS XW DW SW FR - Residual soil - Extremely weathered - Distinctly weathered - Slightly weathered - Fresh rock File: CGS1871 TB217 Page 1 OF 1

32 Explanatory Notes The methods of description and classification of soils and rocks used in this report are based on Australian Standard 1726 Geotechnical Site Investigations Code. Material descriptions are deduced from field observation or engineering examination, and may be appended or confirmed by in situ or laboratory testing. The information is dependent on the scope of investigation, the extent of sampling and testing, and the inherent variability of the conditions encountered. Subsurface investigation may be conducted by one or a combination of the following methods. Method Test Pitting: excavation/trench BH Backhoe bucket EX X Excavator bucket Existing excavation Natural Exposure: existing natural rock or soil exposure Manual drilling: hand operated tools HA Hand Auger Continuous sample drilling PT Hammer drilling AH AT Spiral flight auger drilling AS AD/V AD/T Rotary non-core drilling WS RR Rotary core drilling HQ NMLC NQ Concrete coring DT Push tube Air hammer Air track Large diameter short spiral auger Continuous spiral flight auger: V-Bit Continuous spiral flight auger: TC-Bit Washbore (mud drilling) Rock roller 63mm diamond-tipped core barrel 52mm diamond-tipped core barrel 47mm diamond-tipped core barrel Diatube Sampling is conducted to facilitate further assessment of selected materials encountered. Sampling method Disturbed sampling B D ES Undisturbed sampling SPT Bulk disturbed sample Disturbed sample Environmental soil sample Standard Penetration Test sample U# Undisturbed tube sample (#mm diameter) Water samples EW Environmental water sample Field testing may be conducted as a means of assessment of the in-situ conditions of materials encountered. Field testing SPT HP/PP Standard Penetration Test (blows/150mm) Hand/Pocket Penetrometer Dynamic Penetrometers (blows/150mm) VS PBT DCP PSP Vane Shear Dynamic Cone Penetrometer Perth Sand Penetrometer Plate Bearing Test If encountered with SPT or dynamic penetrometer testing, refusal (R), virtual refusal (VR) or hammer bouncing (HB) may be noted. The quality of the rock can be assessed be the degree of fracturing and the following. Rock quality description TCR Total Core Recovery (%) (length of core recovered divided by the length of core run) RQD Rock Quality Designation (%) (sum of axial lengths of core greater than 100mm long divided by the length of core run) Notes on groundwater conditions encountered may include. Groundwater Not Encountered Excavation is dry in the short term Not Observed Seepage Inflow Groundwater observation not possible Groundwater seeping into hole Groundwater flowing/flooding into hole Perched groundwater may result in a misleading indication of the depth to the true water table. Groundwater levels are likely to fluctuate with variations in climatic and site conditions. Notes on the stability of excavations may include. Excavation conditions Spalling Unstable Material falling into excavation, may be described as minor or major spalling Collapse of the majority, or one or more face, of the excavation

33 Explanatory Notes - General Soil Description The methods of description and classification of soils used in this report are based on Australian Standard 1726 Geotechnical Site Investigations Code. In practice, if the material can be remoulded by hand in its field condition or in water it is described as a soil. The dominant soil constituent is given in capital letters, with secondary textures in lower case. In general, descriptions cover: soil type, strength / relative density, moisture, colour, plasticity and inclusions. Soil types are described according to the dominant particle size on the basis of the following assessment. Soil Classification CLAY SILT Particle Size < 0.002mm 0.002mm 0.075mm SAND fine 0.075mm to 0.2mm medium coarse 0.2mm to 0.6mm 0.6mm to 2.36mm GRAVEL fine 2.36mm to 6mm COBBLES BOULDERS medium coarse 6mm to 20mm 20mm to 63mm 63mm to 200mm > 200mm Soil types are qualified by the presence of minor components on the basis of field examination or grading. Description Trace With Percentage of minor component < 5% in coarse grained soils < 15% in fine grained soils 5% to 12% in coarse grained soils 15% to 30% in fine grained soils The strength of cohesive soils is classified by engineering assessment or field/laboratory testing as follows. Strength Symbol Undrained shear strength Very Soft VS < 12kPa Soft S 12kPa to 25kPa Firm F 25kPa to 50kPa Stiff St 50kPa to 100kPa Very Stiff VSt 100kPa to 200kPa Hard H > 200kPa Cohesionless soils are classified on the basis of relative density as follows. Relative Density Symbol Density Index Very Loose VL < 15% Loose L 15% to 35% Medium Dense MD 35% to 65% Dense D 65% to 85% Very Dense VD > 85% The moisture condition of soil is described by appearance and feel and may be described in relation to the Plastic Limit (PL) or Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). Moisture condition and description Dry Moist Wet Cohesive soils; hard, friable, dry of plastic limit. Granular soils; cohesionless and free-running Cool feel and darkened colour: Cohesive soils can be moulded. Granular soils tend to cohere Cool feel and darkened colour: Cohesive soils usually weakened and free water forms when handling. Granular soils tend to cohere The plasticity of cohesive soils is defined as follows. Plasticity Liquid Limit Low plasticity 35% Medium plasticity > 35% 50% High plasticity > 50% The structure of the soil may be described as follows. Zoning Layer Lens Pocket Description Continuous across exposure or sample Discontinuous layer (lenticular shape) Irregular inclusion of different material The structure may include; defects such as softened zones, fissures, cracks, joints and root-holes; and coarse grained soils may be described as strongly or weakly cemented. The soil origin may also be noted if possible to deduce. Soil origin and description Fill Topsoil Colluvial soil Aeolian soil Alluvial soil Lacustrine soil Marine soil Residual soil Man-made deposits or disturbed material Material affected by roots and root fibres Transported down slopes by gravity Transported and deposited by wind Deposited by rivers Deposited by lakes Deposits in beaches, bays, estuaries Developed on weathered rock The origin of the soil generally cannot be deduced on the appearance of the material and may be assumed based on further geological evidence or field observation.

34 Explanatory Notes - General Rock Description The methods of description and classification of rocks used in this report are based on Australian Standard 1726 Geotechnical Site Investigations Code. In general, if a material cannot be remoulded by hand in its field condition or in water it is described as a rock, is classified by its geological terms. In general, descriptions cover: rock type, degree of weathering, strength, colour, grain size, structure and minor components or inclusions. Sedimentary rock types are generally described according to the predominant grain size as follows. Rock Type CONGLOMERATE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE SHALE CLAYSTONE Description Rounded gravel sized fragments >2mm cemented in a finer matrix Sand size particles defined by grain size and often cemented by other materials fine 0.06mm to 0.2mm medium 0.2mm to 0.6mm coarse 0.6mm to 2mm Predominately silt sized particles Fine particles (silt or clay) and fissile Predominately clay sized particles The classification of rock weathering is described based on definitions outlined in AS1726 as follows. Term and symbol Residual Soil Extremely weathered Distinctly weathered RS XW DW Slightly SW weathered Fresh Rock FR Definition Soil developed on extremely weathered rock; mass structure and substance are no longer evident Weathered to such an extent that it has soil properties Strength usually changed and may be highly discoloured. Porosity may be increased by leaching, or decreased due to deposition in pores Slightly discoloured; little/no change of strength from fresh rock Rock shows no sign of decomposition or staining Rock material strength (distinct from mass strength which can be significantly weaker due to the effect of defects) can be defined based on the point load index as follows. Term and symbol Extremely low EL < 0.03MPa Point Load Index I s50 Very Low VL 0.03MPa to 0.1MPa Low L 0.1MPa to 0.3MPa Medium M 0.3MPa to 1MPa High H 1MPa to 3MPa Very High VH 3MPa to 10MPa Extremely High EH > 10MPa For preliminary assessment and in cases where no point load testing is available, the rock strength may be assessed using the field guide specified by AS1726. The defect spacing and bedding thickness of rocks, measured normal to defects of the same set or bedding, can be described as follows. Definition Thinly laminated Laminated Very thinly bedded Defect Spacing < 6mm 6mm to 20mm 20mm to 60mm Thinly bedded 60mm to 0.2m Medium bedded 0.2m to 0.6m Thickly bedded Very thickly bedded 0.6m to 2m > 2m Defects in rock mass are often described by the following. Terms Joint JT Sheared zone SZ Bed Parting BP Sheared surface SS Contact CO Seam SM Dyke DK Crushed Seam CS Decomposed Zone DZ Infilled Seam IS Fracture FC Foliation FL Fracture Zone FZ Vein VN The shape and roughness of defects are described using the following terms. Planarity Roughness Planar PR Very Rough VR Curved CU Rough RF Undulating U Smooth S Irregular IR Polished POL Stepped ST Slickensides SL The coating or infill associated with defects can be described as follows. Definition Clean Stain Veneer Coating Description No visible coating or infilling No visible coating or infilling; surfaces discoloured by mineral staining Visible coating or infilling of soil or mineral substance (<1mm). If discontinuous over the plane; patchy veneer Visible coating or infilling of soil or mineral substance (>1mm)

35 Graphics Symbols Index CLAYS GRAVELS SEDIMENTARY ROCK CLAY GRAVEL CONGLOMERATE Silty CLAY Clayey GRAVEL BRECCIA Sandy CLAY Silty GRAVEL SANDSTONE Gravelly CLAY Sandy GRAVEL SILTSTONE SILTS Organic SILT COBBLES & BOULDERS SHALE MUDSTONE / CLAYSTONE SILT Clayey SILT MISCELLANEOUS FILL COAL METAMORPHIC ROCK Sandy SILT TOPSOIL SLATE / PHYLLITE / SCHIST Gravelly SILT CONCRETE GNEISS SANDS ASPHALT QUARTZITE SAND CORE LOSS IGNEOUS ROCK Clayey SAND PAVEMENT GRAVEL GRANITE Silty SAND PAVEMENT (Natural Gravels) BASALT Gravelly SAND PAVEMENT (Crushed Rock) TUFF

36 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park APPENDIX C LABORATORY TEST RESULTS December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 14

37 Shrink Swell Index Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Address : P.O Box 299, Wallsend, NSW, 2287 Report Date : 17/12/2013 Project Name : Stage 29 Order Number : Project Number : CGS/1871 Test Method : AS Location: Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Sample Number : 13/ / / /9369 Test Number : Sampling Method : AS c6.5.3 Power Auger AS c6.5.3 Power Auger AS c6.5.3 Power Auger AS c6.5.3 Power Auger Sampled By : Dane Dwyer Dane Dwyer Dane Dwyer Dane Dwyer Date Sampled : 12/12/ /12/ /12/ /12/2013 Date Tested : 13/12/ /12/ /12/ /12/2013 Material Type : Material Source : In situ In situ In situ In situ Sample Location : Bore No BH201 Bore No BH203 Bore No BH206 Bore No BH208 Sample type U50 Sample type U50 Sample type U50 Sample type U50 Sample Depth m Sample Depth m Sample Depth m Sample Depth m Inert Material Estimate (%) : PP before (kpa) : PP after (kpa) : Shrinkage Moisture Content (%) : Shrinkage (%) : Swell Moisture Content Before (%) : Swell Moisture Content After (%) : Swell (%) : Unit Weight (t/m³) : Shrink Swell Index Iss (%) : Visual Classification : Silty CLAY, brown CLAY, brown-orange CLAY, pale grey-pale orange Silty CLAY, orange Cracking : Moderate Moderate Minor Moderate Crumbling : Minor Nil Nil Minor Remarks : APPROVED SIGNATORY This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Ian Piper - Principal Technical Officer NATA Accreditation Number Document Code RF161-6

38 Shrink Swell Index Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Address : P.O Box 299, Wallsend, NSW, 2287 Report Date : 17/12/2013 Project Name : Stage 29 Order Number : Project Number : CGS/1871 Test Method : AS Location: Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Sample Number : 13/ / /9372 Test Number : Sampling Method : AS c6.5.3 Power Auger AS c6.5.3 Power Auger AS c6.5.3 Power Auger Sampled By : Dane Dwyer Dane Dwyer Dane Dwyer Date Sampled : 12/12/ /12/ /12/2013 Date Tested : 13/12/ /12/ /12/2013 Material Type : Material Source : In situ In situ In situ Sample Location : Bore No BH210 Bore No BH212 Bore No BH215 Sample type U50 Sample type U50 Sample type U50 Sample Depth m Sample Depth m Sample Depth m Inert Material Estimate (%) : PP before (kpa) : 150 N/A 480 PP after (kpa) : Shrinkage Moisture Content (%) : Shrinkage (%) : Swell Moisture Content Before (%) : Swell Moisture Content After (%) : Swell (%) : Unit Weight (t/m³) : Shrink Swell Index Iss (%) : Visual Classification : Fill, Sandy CLAY, pale brown-pale orange Silty CLAY, brown FILL, Sandy CLAY, pale grey Cracking : Moderate Moderate Minor Crumbling : Moderate Minor Minor Remarks : APPROVED SIGNATORY This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Ian Piper - Principal Technical Officer NATA Accreditation Number Document Code RF161-6

39 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park APPENDIX D COMPACTION TEST RESULTS December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 15

40 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 15/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /4532 ID No : 4 5 Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Date Tested : 15/7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won For Use As : General Fill General Fill Sample Location : Medina Place Medina Place CH: 159m Footpath CH: 146m Footpath Layer 2 Layer 1 Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2.5% (wet) 2.5% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ /4532 Soil Description Sandy CLAY, brown Sandy CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

41 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 29/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /4733 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 16/7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 23/7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won For Use As : General Fill General Fill Sample Location : Basin Batter on Sandfield st Basin Batter on Sandfield st E: E: N: N: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (wet) 2.5% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ /4733 Soil Description Silty CLAY, brown. Silty CLAY, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

42 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 30/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /4797 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 17/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 26/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : General Fill General Fill General Fill Sample Location : Sandfield Street Basin Batter on Sandfield Street Basin Batter on Sandfield Street E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 1) RL: (Layer 4) RL: (Layer 3) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (wet) 0.5% (wet) 2.5% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /4797 Soil Description Sandy CLAY, trace of gravel, brown. Silty CLAY, brown. Sandy CLAY, trace of gravel, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

43 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /5026 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 22/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 31/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : General Fill General Fill General Fill Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Sandfield Street E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : * 2.02 Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 1% (wet) 0% (wet) 1% (wet) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / /5026 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

44 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /5029 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 22/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 27/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : General Fill General Fill General Fill Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Sandfield Street E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (wet) 2% (wet) 1.5% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /5029 Soil Description Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

45 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 23/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /7283 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 16/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 16/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Martins Creek Quarry Martins Creek Quarry Martins Creek Quarry Martins Creek Quarry For Use As : Overlay Overlay Overlay Overlay Sample Location : Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place Between Pits & Between Pits & Between Pits & Between Pits & Overlay Overlay Overlay Overlay Finish level (Subgrade) Finish level (Subgrade) Finish level (Subgrade) Finish level (Subgrade) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : * Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 53.8 / Non Specified 42.9 / Non Specified 36.6 / Non Specified 41.4 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 6% (dry) 8% (dry) 9% (dry) 8% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / / /7283 Sandy GRAVEL, grey Sandy GRAVEL, grey Sandy GRAVEL, grey Sandy GRAVEL, grey APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

46 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 23/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7285 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 16/9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 16/9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Martins Creek Quarry Martins Creek Quarry For Use As : Overlay Overlay Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Between Pits & Between Pits & Overlay Overlay Finish level (Subgrade) Finish level (Subgrade) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 45.4 / Non Specified 45.4 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 7% (dry) 7% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ /7285 Soil Description Sandy GRAVEL, grey Sandy GRAVEL, grey APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

47 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 15/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /4536 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Date Tested : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: RL: Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 1 Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (wet) 2% (wet) 2% (wet) 2.5% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / / /4536 Soil Description Sandy CLAY, brown (trace gravel) Sandy CLAY, brown (trace gravel) Sandy CLAY, brown (trace gravel) Sandy CLAY, brown (trace gravel) APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

48 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 16/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /4539 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Date Tested : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Layer 2 Layer 1 Layer 2 Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 5.5% (wet) 2.5% (wet) 3% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /4539 Soil Description Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

49 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 16/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /4599 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 11/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 11/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Layer 3 Layer 3 Layer 4 Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : * 2.10* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % 95.5 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 3.5% (wet) 0.5% (wet) 0.5% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / /4599 Sandy CLAY with Gravel, pale brown. Sandy CLAY with Gravel, pale brown. Sandy CLAY with Gravel, pale brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

50 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 29/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /4728 ID No : Lot No : Retest of # 10 - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 16/7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 23/7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Ripped and Re-compacted Fill Ripped and Re-compacted Fill Sample Location : Area Area E: E: N: N: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2.5% (wet) 1% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ /4728 Soil Description Silty CLAY with gravel, brown. Silty CLAY trace of gravel, pale brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

51 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 29/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /4731 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 16/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 23/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : FilL Batter on Sandfield st FilL Batter on Sandfield st FilL Batter on Sandfield st E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (wet) 3% (wet) 2% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /4731 Soil Description Silty CLAY, brown. Silty CLAY, brown. Silty CLAY, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

52 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /5023 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 22/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 31/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 1.99* 2.17* 1.98* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 98.5 / % 95.4 / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (dry) 0.5% (dry) 0% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / /5023 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

53 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 5/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /5173 ID No : Lot No : Re-test of # 18 Re-test of # 19 - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 25/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 30/7/2013 1/8/2013 1/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : Fill Batter on Sandfield Street Fill Batter on Sandfield Street Fill Batter on Sandfield Street E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 5) RL: (Layer 6) RL: (Layer 7) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 96.5 / % 98.0 / % 98.3 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 1% (dry) 0.5% (dry) 0% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /5173 Soil Description Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, light brown. Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, light brown. Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, light brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

54 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /5206 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 26/7/ /7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 31/7/2013 1/8/ /7/2013 1/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : lot Fill lot Fill lot Fill lot Fill Sample Location : Lot #2906 Lot #2906 Lot #2906 Lot #2906 E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 3) RL: (Layer 4) RL: (Layer 5) RL: (Layer 6) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : * Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 96.8 / % / % 97.7 / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (dry) 0% (dry) 0.5% (dry) 0.5% (wet) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / / /5206 Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

55 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /5208 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 26/7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 1/8/2013 1/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won For Use As : lot Fill lot Fill Sample Location : Lot #2905 Lot #2905 E: E: N: N: RL: (Layer 3) RL: (Layer 4) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 1.96* 1.89 Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 1% (wet) 0% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /5208 Silty Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown Silty Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

56 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /5212 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 26/7/ /7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 1/7/2013 1/8/2013 1/8/2013 1/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : lot Fill lot Fill lot Fill lot Fill Sample Location : E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: RL: RL: RL: Layer 3 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 4 Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.07* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / % 97.4 / % / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 1% (wet) 0.5% (dry) 0% (dry) 0% (wet) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / / /5212 Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown. Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown. Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown. Sandy Gravelly CLAY, brown. APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

57 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /5265 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 29/7/ /7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 2/8/ /7/2013 2/8/2013 5/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : Lot # 2907 Lot # 2907 Lot # 2906 Lot # 2906 E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 4) RL: (Layer 3) RL: (Layer 7) RL: (Layer 8) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 98.9 / % / % / % 99.6 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (dry) 0.5% (wet) 0% (wet) 0% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: Soil Description 13/5262 Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown 13/5263 Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown 13/5264 Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown 13/5265 Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

58 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /5267 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 29/7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 5/8/2013 5/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : Lot # 2905 Lot # 2905 E: E: N: N: RL: (Layer 5) RL: (Layer 6) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 97.3 / % 87.6 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (dry) 2.5% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ /5267 Soil Description Silty CLAY with gravel, brown Sandy CLAY with gravel, grey mottled orange APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

59 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /5287 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 29/7/ /7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 5/8/2013 2/8/ /7/2013 5/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : Lot #2907 Lot #2906 Lot #2905 Lot #2904 E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 5) RL: (Layer 9) RL: (Layer 7) RL: (Layer 3) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 99.5 / % / % / % 99.1 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (dry) 0.5% (wet) 0% (wet) 0% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: Soil Description 13/5284 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown 13/5285 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown 13/5286 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown 13/5287 Gravelly Sandy CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

60 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 7/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/5288 ID No : 58 Lot No : - Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 29/7/2013 Date Tested : 2/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Sample Location : Lot #2904 E: N: RL: (Layer 4) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / 300 Max Size (mm) : 19 Percent Oversize (%): 0.0 Field Wet Density (t/m³) : 1.96 Field Moisture Cont (%) : 19.8 PCWD (t/m³) : 1.96 Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : 1.64 Optimum Moisture Content (%) : 21.0 Apparent OMC (%) : 0.9 Compactive Effort : Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 94.3 / % Moisture Variation (%) : Remarks: 1% (dry) Lab Number: 13/5288 Soil Description Sandy CLAY with gravel, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

61 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 9/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /5352 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 30/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Date Tested : 6/8/2013 6/8/2013 6/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot fill Lot fill Lot fill Sample Location : Lot # 2904 Lot # 2904 Lot # 2904 E: E: E: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 5) RL: (Layer 2) RL: (Layer 1) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 90.3 / % 82.0 / % / % Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (dry) 3% (dry) 1% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /5352 Soil Description Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown Sandy CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

62 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 16/08/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /5482 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW AS c6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 2/8/2013 2/8/2013 2/8/2013 2/8/2013 Date Tested : 10/8/2013 9/8/ /8/2013 2/8/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Lot Fill Sample Location : Lot 2922 Lot 2922 Lot 2921 Lot 2921 E: E: E: E: N: N: N: N: RL: (Layer 1) RL: (Layer 2) RL: (Layer 1) RL: (Layer 2) Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 97.7 / % / % / % 99.3 / % Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (dry) 0% (wet) 0% (wet) 0% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / / /5482 Soil Description Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown Sandy CLAY trace of gravel, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

63 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 15/07/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /4530 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 8/7/2013 Date Tested : 15/7/ /7/ /7/2013 Material Source : Site Won Site Won Site Won For Use As : Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Sample Location : Bellona Chase Medina Place Medina Place CH: 54m CH: 174m CH: 132m o/s: 1.5m Left of CL o/s: Centre Line o/s: 1m Left of CL Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / Non Specified / Non Specified / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 1.5% (wet) 0.5% (wet) 1% (wet) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / /4530 Soil Description Sandy CLAY, brown Sandy CLAY, brown Sandy CLAY, brown (some gravel) APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

64 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 6/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/6603 ID No : 66 Lot No : - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 28/8/2013 Date Tested : 29/8/2013 Material Source : For Use As : Sample Location : Subgrade Insitu Sandfield Street CH: 65m O/S: 1.5m Left of CL RL: Subgrade Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / 300 Max Size (mm) : 19 Percent Oversize (%): 0.0 Field Wet Density (t/m³) : 2.11 Field Moisture Cont (%) : 12.7 PCWD (t/m³) : 2.01 Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : 1.87 Optimum Moisture Content (%) : 17.0 Apparent OMC (%) : 4.0 Compactive Effort : Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : Moisture Variation (%) : Remarks: 74.7 / Non Specified 4% (dry) Lab Number: 13/6603 Soil Description Sandy CLAY, with siltstone, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Chris Pride NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

65 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 6/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/6607 ID No : 67 Lot No : - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) EW Date Sampled : 29/8/2013 Date Tested : 31/8/2013 Material Source : For Use As : Sample Location : Stockrington Quarry Subbase Sandfield Street CH: 55m O/S: 1m Right of CL RL: Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / 350 Max Size (mm) : 19 Percent Oversize (%): 2.3 Field Wet Density (t/m³) : 2.29 Field Moisture Cont (%) : 7.6 PCWD (t/m³) : 2.33* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : 2.13 Optimum Moisture Content (%) : 7.5 Apparent OMC (%) : 0.0 Compactive Effort : Modified Relative Compaction (%) : 98.0 Moisture Ratio / Spec : / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/6607 Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Chris Pride NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

66 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 23/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /7142 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 11/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 13/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Material Source : In situ In situ In situ In situ For Use As : Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 115m CH: 165m CH: 215m CH: 265m 0.5m Left of CL 1m Right of CL Centre Line 1m Left of CL Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 91.0 / Non Specified 80.3 / Non Specified 93.8 / Non Specified 81.8 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 2.5% (dry) 5% (dry) 1.5% (dry) 5% (dry) Remarks: Lab Number: 13/ / / /7142 Soil Description Silty CLAY, brown Silty Gravelly CLAY, brown Silty CLAY, brown Silty Gravelly CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

67 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 23/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /7146 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 11/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 13/9/ /9/ /9/ /9/2013 Material Source : In situ In situ In situ In situ For Use As : Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Sample Location : Sandfield Street Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place CH: 315m CH: 95m CH: 45m CH: 10m 1.5m Right of CL Centre Line 1m Right of CL 1m Left of CL Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Subgrade Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / / 300 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : * * Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Standard Standard Standard Standard Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 88.2 / Non Specified 78.8 / Non Specified 86.2 / Non Specified 76.8 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 2.5% (dry) 3% (dry) 2.5% (dry) 3.5% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/7143 Gravelly Silty CLAY, brown 13/7144 Gravelly Silty CLAY, brown 13/7145 Gravelly Silty CLAY, brown 13/7146 Gravelly Silty CLAY, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

68 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ a Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 20/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7218 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 12/9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 13/9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Subbase Subbase Sample Location : Medina Place Medina Place CH: 185m CH: 135m Centre Line 1m Left of CL Subbase Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 360 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.33* 2.33* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / Non Specified / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (wet) 0.5% (wet) Remarks: This Report Replaces Report Number CGS/ Due to the Incorrect Layer Desricption Identified * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /7218 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

69 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ a Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 20/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /7221 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 13/9/ /9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 16/9/ /9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Subbase Subbase Subbase Sample Location : Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place CH: 85m CH: 45m CH: 15m 1m Right of CL Centre Line 0.5m Left of CL Subbase Subbase Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 360 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.33* 2.36* 2.33* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 96.0 / Non Specified / Non Specified 93.3 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (dry) 0.5% (wet) 0.5% (dry) Remarks: This Report Replaces Report Number CGS/ Due to the Incorrect Layer Description Identified * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / /7221 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

70 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 23/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7279 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 16/9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 17/9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Subbase Subbase Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 90m CH: 130m 1m Left Of CL 1m Right Of CL Subbase Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 360 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.35* 2.31* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / Non Specified 93.6 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 1% (wet) 0.5% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /7279 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

71 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 30/09/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / /7388 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 20/9/ /9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 20/9/ /9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Subbase Subbase Subbase Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 320m CH: 315m CH: 270m 1m Right of CL 7m Left of CL 0.5m Left of CL Subbase Subbase Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / / 360 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.31* 2.31* 2.28* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : / Non Specified 97.3 / Non Specified 92.5 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (wet) 0.5% (dry) 1% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / /7388 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

72 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 2/10/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7463 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 23/9/ /9/2013 Date Tested : 23/9/ /9/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Subbase Subbase Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 220m CH: 170m 0.5m Right of CL 1m Left of CL Subbase Subbase Test Depth/Layer (mm) 300 / / 360 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.35* 2.31* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 96.0 / Non Specified 90.7 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0% (dry) 0.5% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /7463 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

73 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 15/10/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /7914 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 Date Tested : 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street (T-Head) Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 320m CH: 317m CH: 270m CH: 220m 1m Right of CL 8m Left of CL 0.5m Left of CL Centre Line Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Test Depth/Layer (mm) 100 / / / / 120 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.25* 2.27* 2.27* 2.25* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 92.5 / Non Specified 80.0 / Non Specified 78.0 / Non Specified 79.0 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 0.5% (dry) 2% (dry) 2% (dry) 2% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / / /7914 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

74 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 15/10/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7916 ID No : Lot No : - - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 Date Tested : 2/10/2013 2/10/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Basecourse Basecourse Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 170m CH: 120m 1m Left of CL 2m Right of CL Basecourse Basecourse Test Depth/Layer (mm) 100 / / 120 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.25* 2.25* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 81.0 / Non Specified 90.5 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (dry) 1% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /7916 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

75 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 24/10/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ /7963 ID No : Lot No : Retest of #96 - Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 4/10/2013 4/10/2013 Date Tested : 4/10/2013 4/10/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Basecourse Basecourse Sample Location : Sandfield Street Sandfield Street CH: 270m CH: 70m Centre Line 1.5m Right of CL Basecourse Basecourse Test Depth/Layer (mm) 100 / / 120 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.23* 2.27* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 77.0 / Non Specified 81.1 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (dry) 1.5% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ /7963 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Tony Ryan NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

76 Nuclear Hilf Density Ratio Report Client : Daracon Group Report Number: CGS/ Client Address: P.O Box 299 Wallsend NSW 2287 Report Date: 24/10/2013 Job Number : CGS/1871 Folder Number: Project : Stage 29 Test Method: AS & Location : Northlakes Estate, Cameron Park Page 1 of 1 Lab No : 13/ / / /8069 ID No : Lot No : Sampling Method : AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P AS c 6.4 (b) P Date Sampled : 11/10/ /10/ /10/ /10/2013 Date Tested : 11/10/ /10/ /10/ /10/2013 Material Source : Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry Buttai Quarry For Use As : Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Sample Location : Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place Medina Place CH: 15m CH: 65m CH: 115m CH: 165m 1.5m Right of CL 1m Left of CL Centre Line 0.5m Right of CL Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Basecourse Test Depth/Layer (mm) 125 / / / / 130 Max Size (mm) : Percent Oversize (%): Field Wet Density (t/m³) : Field Moisture Cont (%) : PCWD (t/m³) : 2.27* 2.26* 2.26* 2.25* Maximum Converted Dry Density (t/m³) : Optimum Moisture Content (%) : Apparent OMC (%) : Compactive Effort : Modified Modified Modified Modified Relative Compaction (%) : Moisture Ratio / Spec : 75.6 / Non Specified 74.4 / Non Specified 80.0 / Non Specified 75.8 / Non Specified Moisture Variation (%) : 2% (dry) 2% (dry) 2% (dry) 2% (dry) Remarks: * - Denotes adjusted for oversize Lab Number: Soil Description 13/ / / /8069 Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown Sandy GRAVEL, brown APPROVED SIGNATORY FORM NUMBER This document is issued in accordance with NATA's accreditation requirements. Joseph Stallard NATA Accred No:15689 RP65-10

77 Report on Site Classification & Construction Testing Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park Northlakes Estate Stage 29, Cameron Park APPENDIX E CSIRO INFORMATION SHEET BTF 18 December 2013 Cardno Geotech Solutions 16

78 Foundation Maintenance and Footing Performance: A Homeowner s Guide BTF 18 replaces Information Sheet 10/91 Buildings can and often do move. This movement can be up, down, lateral or rotational. The fundamental cause of movement in buildings can usually be related to one or more problems in the foundation soil. It is important for the homeowner to identify the soil type in order to ascertain the measures that should be put in place in order to ensure that problems in the foundation soil can be prevented, thus protecting against building movement. This Building Technology File is designed to identify causes of soil-related building movement, and to suggest methods of prevention of resultant cracking in buildings. Soil Types The types of soils usually present under the topsoil in land zoned for residential buildings can be split into two approximate groups granular and clay. Quite often, foundation soil is a mixture of both types. The general problems associated with soils having granular content are usually caused by erosion. Clay soils are subject to saturation and swell/shrink problems. Classifications for a given area can generally be obtained by application to the local authority, but these are sometimes unreliable and if there is doubt, a geotechnical report should be commissioned. As most buildings suffering movement problems are founded on clay soils, there is an emphasis on classification of soils according to the amount of swell and shrinkage they experience with variations of water content. The table below is Table 2.1 from AS 2870, the Residential Slab and Footing Code. Causes of Movement Settlement due to construction There are two types of settlement that occur as a result of construction: Immediate settlement occurs when a building is first placed on its foundation soil, as a result of compaction of the soil under the weight of the structure. The cohesive quality of clay soil mitigates against this, but granular (particularly sandy) soil is susceptible. Consolidation settlement is a feature of clay soil and may take place because of the expulsion of moisture from the soil or because of the soil s lack of resistance to local compressive or shear stresses. This will usually take place during the first few months after construction, but has been known to take many years in exceptional cases. These problems are the province of the builder and should be taken into consideration as part of the preparation of the site for construction. Building Technology File 19 (BTF 19) deals with these problems. Erosion All soils are prone to erosion, but sandy soil is particularly susceptible to being washed away. Even clay with a sand component of say 10% or more can suffer from erosion. Saturation This is particularly a problem in clay soils. Saturation creates a boglike suspension of the soil that causes it to lose virtually all of its bearing capacity. To a lesser degree, sand is affected by saturation because saturated sand may undergo a reduction in volume particularly imported sand fill for bedding and blinding layers. However, this usually occurs as immediate settlement and should normally be the province of the builder. Seasonal swelling and shrinkage of soil All clays react to the presence of water by slowly absorbing it, making the soil increase in volume (see table below). The degree of increase varies considerably between different clays, as does the degree of decrease during the subsequent drying out caused by fair weather periods. Because of the low absorption and expulsion rate, this phenomenon will not usually be noticeable unless there are prolonged rainy or dry periods, usually of weeks or months, depending on the land and soil characteristics. The swelling of soil creates an upward force on the footings of the building, and shrinkage creates subsidence that takes away the support needed by the footing to retain equilibrium. Shear failure This phenomenon occurs when the foundation soil does not have sufficient strength to support the weight of the footing. There are two major post-construction causes: Significant load increase. Reduction of lateral support of the soil under the footing due to erosion or excavation. In clay soil, shear failure can be caused by saturation of the soil adjacent to or under the footing. GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF SITE CLASSES Class A S M H E A to P P Foundation Most sand and rock sites with little or no ground movement from moisture changes Slightly reactive clay sites with only slight ground movement from moisture changes Moderately reactive clay or silt sites, which can experience moderate ground movement from moisture changes Highly reactive clay sites, which can experience high ground movement from moisture changes Extremely reactive sites, which can experience extreme ground movement from moisture changes Filled sites Sites which include soft soils, such as soft clay or silt or loose sands; landslip; mine subsidence; collapsing soils; soils subject to erosion; reactive sites subject to abnormal moisture conditions or sites which cannot be classified otherwise

79 Tree root growth Trees and shrubs that are allowed to grow in the vicinity of footings can cause foundation soil movement in two ways: Roots that grow under footings may increase in cross-sectional size, exerting upward pressure on footings. Roots in the vicinity of footings will absorb much of the moisture in the foundation soil, causing shrinkage or subsidence. Trees can cause shrinkage and damage Unevenness of Movement The types of ground movement described above usually occur unevenly throughout the building s foundation soil. Settlement due to construction tends to be uneven because of: Differing compaction of foundation soil prior to construction. Differing moisture content of foundation soil prior to construction. Movement due to non-construction causes is usually more uneven still. Erosion can undermine a footing that traverses the flow or can create the conditions for shear failure by eroding soil adjacent to a footing that runs in the same direction as the flow. Saturation of clay foundation soil may occur where subfloor walls create a dam that makes water pond. It can also occur wherever there is a source of water near footings in clay soil. This leads to a severe reduction in the strength of the soil which may create local shear failure. Seasonal swelling and shrinkage of clay soil affects the perimeter of the building first, then gradually spreads to the interior. The swelling process will usually begin at the uphill extreme of the building, or on the weather side where the land is flat. Swelling gradually reaches the interior soil as absorption continues. Shrinkage usually begins where the sun s heat is greatest. Effects of Uneven Soil Movement on Structures Erosion and saturation Erosion removes the support from under footings, tending to create subsidence of the part of the structure under which it occurs. Brickwork walls will resist the stress created by this removal of support by bridging the gap or cantilevering until the bricks or the mortar bedding fail. Older masonry has little resistance. Evidence of failure varies according to circumstances and symptoms may include: Step cracking in the mortar beds in the body of the wall or above/below openings such as doors or windows. Vertical cracking in the bricks (usually but not necessarily in line with the vertical beds or perpends). Isolated piers affected by erosion or saturation of foundations will eventually lose contact with the bearers they support and may tilt or fall over. The floors that have lost this support will become bouncy, sometimes rattling ornaments etc. Seasonal swelling/shrinkage in clay Swelling foundation soil due to rainy periods first lifts the most exposed extremities of the footing system, then the remainder of the perimeter footings while gradually permeating inside the building footprint to lift internal footings. This swelling first tends to create a dish effect, because the external footings are pushed higher than the internal ones. The first noticeable symptom may be that the floor appears slightly dished. This is often accompanied by some doors binding on the floor or the door head, together with some cracking of cornice mitres. In buildings with timber flooring supported by bearers and joists, the floor can be bouncy. Externally there may be visible dishing of the hip or ridge lines. As the moisture absorption process completes its journey to the innermost areas of the building, the internal footings will rise. If the spread of moisture is roughly even, it may be that the symptoms will temporarily disappear, but it is more likely that swelling will be uneven, creating a difference rather than a disappearance in symptoms. In buildings with timber flooring supported by bearers and joists, the isolated piers will rise more easily than the strip footings or piers under walls, creating noticeable doming of flooring. As the weather pattern changes and the soil begins to dry out, the external footings will be first affected, beginning with the locations where the sun s effect is strongest. This has the effect of lowering the external footings. The doming is accentuated and cracking reduces or disappears where it occurred because of dishing, but other cracks open up. The roof lines may become convex. Doming and dishing are also affected by weather in other ways. In areas where warm, wet summers and cooler dry winters prevail, water migration tends to be toward the interior and doming will be accentuated, whereas where summers are dry and winters are cold and wet, migration tends to be toward the exterior and the underlying propensity is toward dishing. Movement caused by tree roots In general, growing roots will exert an upward pressure on footings, whereas soil subject to drying because of tree or shrub roots will tend to remove support from under footings by inducing shrinkage. Complications caused by the structure itself Most forces that the soil causes to be exerted on structures are vertical i.e. either up or down. However, because these forces are seldom spread evenly around the footings, and because the building resists uneven movement because of its rigidity, forces are exerted from one part of the building to another. The net result of all these forces is usually rotational. This resultant force often complicates the diagnosis because the visible symptoms do not simply reflect the original cause. A common symptom is binding of doors on the vertical member of the frame. Effects on full masonry structures Brickwork will resist cracking where it can. It will attempt to span areas that lose support because of subsided foundations or raised points. It is therefore usual to see cracking at weak points, such as openings for windows or doors. In the event of construction settlement, cracking will usually remain unchanged after the process of settlement has ceased. With local shear or erosion, cracking will usually continue to develop until the original cause has been remedied, or until the subsidence has completely neutralised the affected portion of footing and the structure has stabilised on other footings that remain effective. In the case of swell/shrink effects, the brickwork will in some cases return to its original position after completion of a cycle, however it is more likely that the rotational effect will not be exactly reversed, and it is also usual that brickwork will settle in its new position and will resist the forces trying to return it to its original position. This means that in a case where swelling takes place after construction and cracking occurs, the cracking is likely to at least partly remain after the shrink segment of the cycle is complete. Thus, each time the cycle is repeated, the likelihood is that the cracking will become wider until the sections of brickwork become virtually independent. With repeated cycles, once the cracking is established, if there is no other complication, it is normal for the incidence of cracking to stabilise, as the building has the articulation it needs to cope with the problem. This is by no means always the case, however, and monitoring of cracks in walls and floors should always be treated seriously. Upheaval caused by growth of tree roots under footings is not a simple vertical shear stress. There is a tendency for the root to also exert lateral forces that attempt to separate sections of brickwork after initial cracking has occurred.

80 The normal structural arrangement is that the inner leaf of brickwork in the external walls and at least some of the internal walls (depending on the roof type) comprise the load-bearing structure on which any upper floors, ceilings and the roof are supported. In these cases, it is internally visible cracking that should be the main focus of attention, however there are a few examples of dwellings whose external leaf of masonry plays some supporting role, so this should be checked if there is any doubt. In any case, externally visible cracking is important as a guide to stresses on the structure generally, and it should also be remembered that the external walls must be capable of supporting themselves. Effects on framed structures Timber or steel framed buildings are less likely to exhibit cracking due to swell/shrink than masonry buildings because of their flexibility. Also, the doming/dishing effects tend to be lower because of the lighter weight of walls. The main risks to framed buildings are encountered because of the isolated pier footings used under walls. Where erosion or saturation cause a footing to fall away, this can double the span which a wall must bridge. This additional stress can create cracking in wall linings, particularly where there is a weak point in the structure caused by a door or window opening. It is, however, unlikely that framed structures will be so stressed as to suffer serious damage without first exhibiting some or all of the above symptoms for a considerable period. The same warning period should apply in the case of upheaval. It should be noted, however, that where framed buildings are supported by strip footings there is only one leaf of brickwork and therefore the externally visible walls are the supporting structure for the building. In this case, the subfloor masonry walls can be expected to behave as full brickwork walls. Effects on brick veneer structures Because the load-bearing structure of a brick veneer building is the frame that makes up the interior leaf of the external walls plus perhaps the internal walls, depending on the type of roof, the building can be expected to behave as a framed structure, except that the external masonry will behave in a similar way to the external leaf of a full masonry structure. Water Service and Drainage Where a water service pipe, a sewer or stormwater drainage pipe is in the vicinity of a building, a water leak can cause erosion, swelling or saturation of susceptible soil. Even a minuscule leak can be enough to saturate a clay foundation. A leaking tap near a building can have the same effect. In addition, trenches containing pipes can become watercourses even though backfilled, particularly where broken rubble is used as fill. Water that runs along these trenches can be responsible for serious erosion, interstrata seepage into subfloor areas and saturation. Pipe leakage and trench water flows also encourage tree and shrub roots to the source of water, complicating and exacerbating the problem. Poor roof plumbing can result in large volumes of rainwater being concentrated in a small area of soil: Incorrect falls in roof guttering may result in overflows, as may gutters blocked with leaves etc. Corroded guttering or downpipes can spill water to ground. Downpipes not positively connected to a proper stormwater collection system will direct a concentration of water to soil that is directly adjacent to footings, sometimes causing large-scale problems such as erosion, saturation and migration of water under the building. Seriousness of Cracking In general, most cracking found in masonry walls is a cosmetic nuisance only and can be kept in repair or even ignored. The table below is a reproduction of Table C1 of AS AS 2870 also publishes figures relating to cracking in concrete floors, however because wall cracking will usually reach the critical point significantly earlier than cracking in slabs, this table is not reproduced here. Prevention/Cure Plumbing Where building movement is caused by water service, roof plumbing, sewer or stormwater failure, the remedy is to repair the problem. It is prudent, however, to consider also rerouting pipes away from the building where possible, and relocating taps to positions where any leakage will not direct water to the building vicinity. Even where gully traps are present, there is sometimes sufficient spill to create erosion or saturation, particularly in modern installations using smaller diameter PVC fixtures. Indeed, some gully traps are not situated directly under the taps that are installed to charge them, with the result that water from the tap may enter the backfilled trench that houses the sewer piping. If the trench has been poorly backfilled, the water will either pond or flow along the bottom of the trench. As these trenches usually run alongside the footings and can be at a similar depth, it is not hard to see how any water that is thus directed into a trench can easily affect the foundation s ability to support footings or even gain entry to the subfloor area. Ground drainage In all soils there is the capacity for water to travel on the surface and below it. Surface water flows can be established by inspection during and after heavy or prolonged rain. If necessary, a grated drain system connected to the stormwater collection system is usually an easy solution. It is, however, sometimes necessary when attempting to prevent water migration that testing be carried out to establish watertable height and subsoil water flows. This subject is referred to in BTF 19 and may properly be regarded as an area for an expert consultant. Protection of the building perimeter It is essential to remember that the soil that affects footings extends well beyond the actual building line. Watering of garden plants, shrubs and trees causes some of the most serious water problems. For this reason, particularly where problems exist or are likely to occur, it is recommended that an apron of paving be installed around as much of the building perimeter as necessary. This paving CLASSIFICATION OF DAMAGE WITH REFERENCE TO WALLS Description of typical damage and required repair Approximate crack width Damage limit (see Note 3) category Hairline cracks <0.1 mm 0 Fine cracks which do not need repair <1 mm 1 Cracks noticeable but easily filled. Doors and windows stick slightly <5 mm 2 Cracks can be repaired and possibly a small amount of wall will need 5 15 mm (or a number of cracks 3 to be replaced. Doors and windows stick. Service pipes can fracture. 3 mm or more in one group) Weathertightness often impaired Extensive repair work involving breaking-out and replacing sections of walls, mm but also depend 4 especially over doors and windows. Window and door frames distort. Walls lean on number of cracks or bulge noticeably, some loss of bearing in beams. Service pipes disrupted

81 Gardens for a reactive site should extend outwards a minimum of 900 mm (more in highly reactive soil) and should have a minimum fall away from the building of 1:60. The finished paving should be no less than 100 mm below brick vent bases. It is prudent to relocate drainage pipes away from this paving, if possible, to avoid complications from future leakage. If this is not practical, earthenware pipes should be replaced by PVC and backfilling should be of the same soil type as the surrounding soil and compacted to the same density. Except in areas where freezing of water is an issue, it is wise to remove taps in the building area and relocate them well away from the building preferably not uphill from it (see BTF 19). It may be desirable to install a grated drain at the outside edge of the paving on the uphill side of the building. If subsoil drainage is needed this can be installed under the surface drain. Condensation In buildings with a subfloor void such as where bearers and joists support flooring, insufficient ventilation creates ideal conditions for condensation, particularly where there is little clearance between the floor and the ground. Condensation adds to the moisture already present in the subfloor and significantly slows the process of drying out. Installation of an adequate subfloor ventilation system, either natural or mechanical, is desirable. Warning: Although this Building Technology File deals with cracking in buildings, it should be said that subfloor moisture can result in the development of other problems, notably: Water that is transmitted into masonry, metal or timber building elements causes damage and/or decay to those elements. High subfloor humidity and moisture content create an ideal environment for various pests, including termites and spiders. Where high moisture levels are transmitted to the flooring and walls, an increase in the dust mite count can ensue within the living areas. Dust mites, as well as dampness in general, can be a health hazard to inhabitants, particularly those who are abnormally susceptible to respiratory ailments. The garden The ideal vegetation layout is to have lawn or plants that require only light watering immediately adjacent to the drainage or paving edge, then more demanding plants, shrubs and trees spread out in that order. Overwatering due to misuse of automatic watering systems is a common cause of saturation and water migration under footings. If it is necessary to use these systems, it is important to remove garden beds to a completely safe distance from buildings. Existing trees Where a tree is causing a problem of soil drying or there is the existence or threat of upheaval of footings, if the offending roots are subsidiary and their removal will not significantly damage the tree, they should be severed and a concrete or metal barrier placed vertically in the soil to prevent future root growth in the direction of the building. If it is not possible to remove the relevant roots without damage to the tree, an application to remove the tree should be made to the local authority. A prudent plan is to transplant likely offenders before they become a problem. Information on trees, plants and shrubs State departments overseeing agriculture can give information regarding root patterns, volume of water needed and safe distance from buildings of most species. Botanic gardens are also sources of information. For information on plant roots and drains, see Building Technology File 17. Excavation Excavation around footings must be properly engineered. Soil supporting footings can only be safely excavated at an angle that allows the soil under the footing to remain stable. This angle is called the angle of repose (or friction) and varies significantly between soil types and conditions. Removal of soil within the angle of repose will cause subsidence. Remediation Where erosion has occurred that has washed away soil adjacent to footings, soil of the same classification should be introduced and compacted to the same density. Where footings have been undermined, augmentation or other specialist work may be required. Remediation of footings and foundations is generally the realm of a specialist consultant. Where isolated footings rise and fall because of swell/shrink effect, the homeowner may be tempted to alleviate floor bounce by filling the gap that has appeared between the bearer and the pier with blocking. The danger here is that when the next swell segment of the cycle occurs, the extra blocking will push the floor up into an accentuated dome and may also cause local shear failure in the soil. If it is necessary to use blocking, it should be by a pair of fine wedges and monitoring should be carried out fortnightly. This BTF was prepared by John Lewer FAIB, MIAMA, Partner, Construction Diagnosis. The information in this and other issues in the series was derived from various sources and was believed to be correct when published. The information is advisory. It is provided in good faith and not claimed to be an exhaustive treatment of the relevant subject. Further professional advice needs to be obtained before taking any action based on the information provided. Distributed by CSIRO PUBLISHING PO Box 1139, Collingwood 3066, Australia Freecall Tel (03) Fax (03) publishing.sales@csiro.au CSIRO Unauthorised copying of this Building Technology file is prohibited

82 AUSTRALIAN GEOGUIDE LR8 (CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE) HILLSIDE CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE Sensible development practices are required when building on hillsides, particularly if the hillside has more than a low risk of instability (GeoGuide LR7). Only building techniques intended to maintain, or reduce, the overall level of landslide risk should be considered. Examples of good hillside construction practice are illustrated below. WHY ARE THESE PRACTICES GOOD? Roadways and parking areas - are paved and incorporate kerbs which prevent water discharging straight into the hillside (GeoGuide LR5). Cuttings - are supported by retaining walls (GeoGuide LR6). Retaining walls - are engineer designed to withstand the lateral earth pressures and surcharges expected, and include drains to prevent water pressures developing in the backfill. Where the ground slopes steeply down towards the high side of a retaining wall, the disturbing force (see GeoGuide LR6) can be two or more times that in level ground. Retaining walls must be designed taking these forces into account. Sewage - whether treated or not is either taken away in pipes or contained in properly founded tanks so it cannot soak into the ground. Surface water - from roofs and other hard surfaces is piped away to a suitable discharge point rather than being allowed to infiltrate into the ground. Preferably, the discharge point will be in a natural creek where ground water exits, rather than enters, the ground. Shallow, lined, drains on the surface can fulfil the same purpose (GeoGuide LR5). Surface loads - are minimised. No fill embankments have been built. The house is a lightweight structure. Foundation loads have been taken down below the level at which a landslide is likely to occur and, preferably, to rock. This sort of construction is probably not applicable to soil slopes (GeoGuide LR3). If you are uncertain whether your site has rock near the surface, or is essentially a soil slope, you should engage a geotechnical practitioner to find out. Flexible structures - have been used because they can tolerate a certain amount of movement with minimal signs of distress and maintain their functionality. Vegetation clearance - on soil slopes has been kept to a reasonable minimum. Trees, and to a lesser extent smaller vegetation, take large quantities of water out of the ground every day. This lowers the ground water table, which in turn helps to maintain the stability of the slope. Large scale clearing can result in a rise in water table with a consequent increase in the likelihood of a landslide (GeoGuide LR5). An exception may have to be made to this rule on steep rock slopes where trees have little effect on the water table, but their roots pose a landslide hazard by dislodging boulders. Possible effects of ignoring good construction practices are illustrated on page 2. Unfortunately, these poor construction practices are not as unusual as you might think and are often chosen because, on the face of it, they will save the developer, or owner, money. You should not lose sight of the fact that the cost and anguish associated with any one of the disasters illustrated, is likely to more than wipe out any apparent savings at the outset. ADOPT GOOD PRACTICE ON HILLSIDE SITES 174 Australian Geomechanics Vol 42 No 1 March 2007

83 AUSTRALIAN GEOGUIDE LR8 (CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE) WHY ARE THESE PRACTICES POOR? Roadways and parking areas - are unsurfaced and lack proper table drains (gutters) causing surface water to pond and soak into the ground. Cut and fill - has been used to balance earthworks quantities and level the site leaving unstable cut faces and added large surface loads to the ground. Failure to compact the fill properly has led to settlement, which will probably continue for several years after completion. The house and pool have been built on the fill and have settled with it and cracked. Leakage from the cracked pool and the applied surface loads from the fill have combined to cause landslides. Retaining walls - have been avoided, to minimise cost, and hand placed rock walls used instead. Without applying engineering design principles, the walls have failed to provide the required support to the ground and have failed, creating a very dangerous situation. A heavy, rigid, house - has been built on shallow, conventional, footings. Not only has the brickwork cracked because of the resulting ground movements, but it has also become involved in a man-made landslide. Soak-away drainage - has been used for sewage and surface water run-off from roofs and pavements. This water soaks into the ground and raises the water table (GeoGuide LR5). Subsoil drains that run along the contours should be avoided for the same reason. If felt necessary, subsoil drains should run steeply downhill in a chevron, or herring bone, pattern. This may conflict with the requirements for effluent and surface water disposal (GeoGuide LR9) and if so, you will need to seek professional advice. Rock debris - from landslides higher up on the slope seems likely to pass through the site. Such locations are often referred to by geotechnical practitioners as "debris flow paths". Rock is normally even denser than ordinary fill, so even quite modest boulders are likely to weigh many tonnes and do a lot of damage once they start to roll. Boulders have been known to travel hundreds of metres downhill leaving behind a trail of destruction. Vegetation - has been completely cleared, leading to a possible rise in the water table and increased landslide risk (GeoGuide LR5). DON'T CUT CORNERS ON HILLSIDE SITES - OBTAIN ADVICE FROM A GEOTECHNICAL PRACTITIONER More information relevant to your particular situation may be found in other Australian GeoGuides: GeoGuide LR1 - Introduction GeoGuide LR2 - Landslides GeoGuide LR3 - Landslides in Soil GeoGuide LR4 - Landslides in Rock GeoGuide LR5 - Water & Drainage GeoGuide LR6 - Retaining Walls GeoGuide LR7 - Landslide Risk GeoGuide LR9 - Effluent & Surface Water Disposal GeoGuide LR10 - Coastal Landslides GeoGuide LR11 - Record Keeping The Australian GeoGuides (LR series) are a set of publications intended for property owners; local councils; planning authorities; developers; insurers; lawyers and, in fact, anyone who lives with, or has an interest in, a natural or engineered slope, a cutting, or an excavation. They are intended to help you understand why slopes and retaining structures can be a hazard and what can be done with appropriate professional advice and local council approval (if required) to remove, reduce, or minimise the risk they represent. The GeoGuides have been prepared by the Australian Geomechanics Society, a specialist technical society within Engineers Australia, the national peak body for all engineering disciplines in Australia, whose members are professional geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists with a particular interest in ground engineering. The GeoGuides have been funded under the Australian governments National Disaster Mitigation Program. Australian Geomechanics Vol 42 No 1 March