GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM210

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM210"

Transcription

1 University of Pretoria GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM April SOIL PROFILING According to Jennings, Brink & Williams (1973) Very important part of a geotechnical site investigation. Description of soil profile is the first tool for a design engineer. A consistent approach to profiling enables profile descriptions from different people to be comparable. 1

2 MATERIALS IN A SOIL PROFILE (Jennings, Brink & Williams, 1973) B R B T B P R T B P T R B P Bedrock Residual soils Transported soils Pedogenic material (present, absent or weakly developed) Pebble marker (present, absent or weakly developed) PEDOGENIC MATERIALS Soils that became cemented or replaced by: Iron oxide (ferricrete) Calcium carbonate (calcrete) Silica (silcrete) Gypsum (gypcrete ) Can have very significant thicknesses. Can be extremely hard. Can be good founding layer. Can be useful as gravel for structural fills when well developed. 2

3 SOIL PROFILING tools of the trade (A TLB Tractor-Loader-Backhoe) SOIL PROFILING tools of the trade (an excavator) 3

4 SOIL PROFILING tools of the trade (an auger drill) SOIL PROFILING tools of the trade (a geological pick) 4

5 SOIL PROFILING what to desribe? Profile description according to six criteria: MCCSSO Moisture Colour Consistency Structure Soil Type Origin Dry Slightly moist Moist Very moist Wet Moisture Does not refer to a specific water content %. Moist is near optimum moisture content for compaction. Wet is generally from below the water table. Never say very wet!! Dry is bone dry!! Clays below water table may sometime feel relatively dry, near optimum moisture content. 5

6 Colour Describe dominant colour (limit to two): e.g. reddish brown, yellowish brown. Secondary colours described as follows: Speckled Mottled Blotched Banded Streaked Stained Very small patches of colour. Irregular patches of colour (20 60mm) Large irregular patches of colour (60 200mm). Approx. parallel bands of varying colour. Randomly orientated streaks of colour. Local colour variations. Associated with discontinuity surfaces. Consistency (non cohesive soils) Very loose Loose Medium dense Dense Very Dense Crumbles very easily when scraped with geological pick. Small resistance to penetration by sharp end of geological pick. Considerable resistance to penetration by sharp end of geological pick. Very high resistance to penetration by sharp end of geological pick. Requires many blows of full size pick for excavation. Requires power tools for excavation. 6

7 Consistency (cohesive soils) Very soft Sharp end of geological pick can be pushed in up to shaft. Easily moulded by fingers. Soft Sharp end of geological pick can be pushed in 30 40mm. Easily penetrated by thumb. Firm Stiff Very stiff Sharp end of geological pick can be pushed in 10mm. Indented by thumb with effort. Slight indentation by push with sharp end of geological pick. Penetrated by thumb nail. Slight indentation by blow of geological pick. Indented by thumb nail with difficulty. Structure Indicates the presence (or absence) of discontinuities and their nature. Intact Fissured Slickensided Shattered Micro shattered Stratified, layered, laminated (very thin layering) No discontinuities. (typically in sands) Jointed. (closed joints) Polished discontinuity surfaces. (clays) Closely spaced discontinuities resulting in gravel sized soil fragments. (usually in clays) Sedimentary layering. 7

8 Intact sand Polished surfaces are called slickensided 8

9 Bottom layer is sub horizontally bedded or layered Soil type Soil texture is described on the basis of grain size gravel (fine gravel, medium gravel, coarse gravel etc.) sand (fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand) silt clay eg. sandy clay, clayey sand etc. (use soil triangle) Boulders > 200mm Gravel mm Sand mm Silt mm Clay < 0.002mm We use MIT system, not sizesgiveninjenningset al. (1973) 9

10 Origin Geological origin Residual Transported Check your map 14 18" 26" JJJ' 22 4 (.) 5I cr w o(aigcegroup, tic.) 65 DKelahal1Group Urtenhage ond Zulullllld Gtoopt Dml<6nlbergend lebombo M*no,Eliot end a..-fomebonl Karoo SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGY OF SOUTH AFRICA LESOTHO AND SWAZILAND llofswana t,. 0?' Uḻ 0 crn ze Q. 250 I Cepe lleuor1gtajp Dwpca end EoceGtoupe Sope<vroup, Notal Group Cape GraniteSuite, etc. 5<15 DVnnrhyntdolp end NarneG!ouJ.e NA 11BlA D Alkaline cortlliox" 2050 l!ultmiid c:ornpex (folllc) '> /'!.!.. t- N JfJ" \ km 34' l'o'iipiulir\ ' U:Ysta (dp"tkicj)ft ('1X,'0ltt*CHO 'I('f 1e '

11 Types of transported soil Aeolian Wind Typically fine sands or silts Alluvium Talus (coarse colluvium) Hillwash (fine colluvium) Littoral Estuarine Lacustrine Streams Gravity (hillside) Water (hillside) Anything from very fine to ve coarse. Waves, current and tides Tidal river depositing in saline water Stream depositing in lake, pan or vlei ry Talus (mistake or not??) 11

12 Addition information mentioned in profile description Depth of water table (if encountered) perched or permanent. Depth of refusal (or not). Other inclusions in the soil profile (e.g. roots, termites etc.) Samples taken. Stability of side walls. Type of trial hole (e.g. back actor pit or auger hole) Soil profile example ABC Clever Engineers 12

13 Soil profile example Residual basalt 13

14 Residual siltstone Residual granite 14

15 Transported SOIL PROFILING SAFETY?? Deep unsupported test pits 15

16 SOIL PROFILING SAFETY National Health and Safety Act: No person shall enter an unbraced excavation if there is a risk of side wall collapse. A person shall only enter an excavation when the excavation has been sufficiently braced, or when authorised in writing by a competent person who has assessed the risk of side wall collapse and found it to be negligible. Standing near an excavator. Side wall stability: (generally deteriorates with time) Watch out for test pits in: Moist sands. Slickensided clays. Wet conditions (low strength below water table). Testpit could collapse very rapidly without any warning!! 16

GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM210

GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM210 University of Pretoria GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND MATERIALS SGM210 22 April 2014 1 GEOLOGICAL MAPS 1. Dip 2. Strike 3. Faults 2 1 2 FAULTS 3 San Andreas Fault 3 14 18" 26" JJJ' 22 4 (.) 5I cr w o(aigcegroup,

More information

Proceedings of the Geoterminology Workshop (1990) Published and sponsored jointly by the:

Proceedings of the Geoterminology Workshop (1990) Published and sponsored jointly by the: Proceedings of the Geoterminology Workshop (1990) Published and sponsored jointly by the: ASSOCIATION OF ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS - South Africa Section (AEG SA Section) SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTION OF CIVIL

More information

TP-1 N61E 0 DARK BROWN SANDY SILT (ML) stiff, wet with roots (Disturbed Surficial Soil) DEPTH (FEET) 5 REDDISH BROWN SANDSTONE intensely fractured, weak to friable, deeply weathered, tight (Franciscan

More information

APPENDIX A. Borehole Logs Explanation of Terms and Symbols

APPENDIX A. Borehole Logs Explanation of Terms and Symbols APPENDIX A Borehole Logs Explanation of Terms and Symbols Page 153 of 168 EXPLANATION OF TERMS AND SYMBOLS The terms and symbols used on the borehole logs to summarize the results of field investigation

More information

SOIL CLASSIFICATION CHART COARSE-GRAINED SOILS MORE THAN 50% RETAINED ON NO.200 SIEVE FINE-GRAINED SOILS 50% OR MORE PASSES THE NO.200 SIEVE PRIMARY DIVISIONS GRAVELS MORE THAN 50% OF COARSE FRACTION RETAINED

More information

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF RAILWAYS

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF RAILWAYS GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF RAILWAYS Prof. Hannes Gräbe University of Pretoria Transnet Chair in Railway Engineering May 2011 Contents Cost considerations Objectives Phased approach to site investigation

More information

DATE: 5/17/2012. LOGGED BY: Geoff Richards. COMPANY: Tetra Tech EM, Inc. DRILL FOREMAN: Walter

DATE: 5/17/2012. LOGGED BY: Geoff Richards. COMPANY: Tetra Tech EM, Inc. DRILL FOREMAN: Walter ATTACHMENT 2 Page 1 of 1 B1 0 1 2 FILL, Dry; brownish red; clayey silt and gravel; ~30% gravel size fragments of dark grey microcrystalline (aphanetic), extrusive, igneous, rock 3 B1-4a 1100 B1-4b-duplicate

More information

NATURAL SOIL DEPOSITS

NATURAL SOIL DEPOSITS NATURAL SOIL DEPOSITS Soils are produced by weathering of rock. Weathering is the physical or chemical breakdown of rock. Physical Processes: - Unloading - Frost Action - Organism Growth - Crystal Growth

More information

UNIT DESCRIPTIONS: Artificial Fill, Undocumented (Afu): Locally derived sandy silt and silty sand, locally with clay and varying amounts of gravel and man-made debris. Abundant concrete rubble, in places

More information

Appendix A. Producer Statement Advisory Note

Appendix A. Producer Statement Advisory Note Appendix A Producer Statement Advisory Note Ref. No. 17095 26 May 2017 PRODUCER STATEMENT CONSTRUCTION REVIEW (PS4) IMPORTANT ADVISORY NOTE The Building Consent Authority (BCA) frequently requires Producer

More information

The more common classification systems are enlisted below:

The more common classification systems are enlisted below: A number of systems of classification have been evolved for categorizing various types of soil. Some of these have been developed specifically in connection with ascertaining the suitability of soil for

More information

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR REDHOUSE CHELSEA ARTERIAL AND WALKER DRIVE EXTENSION, PORT ELIZABETH, EASTERN CAPE

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR REDHOUSE CHELSEA ARTERIAL AND WALKER DRIVE EXTENSION, PORT ELIZABETH, EASTERN CAPE GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR REDHOUSE CHELSEA ARTERIAL AND WALKER DRIVE EXTENSION, PORT ELIZABETH, EASTERN CAPE MAY 2010 Prepared for: Prepared by: BKS (PTY) LTD TERRATEST (PTY) LTD P.O. Box 272 P.O.

More information

Soil Mechanics Brief Review. Presented by: Gary L. Seider, P.E.

Soil Mechanics Brief Review. Presented by: Gary L. Seider, P.E. Soil Mechanics Brief Review Presented by: Gary L. Seider, P.E. 1 BASIC ROCK TYPES Igneous Rock (e.g. granite, basalt) Rock formed in place by cooling from magma Generally very stiff/strong and often abrasive

More information

REPORT NO 12/115/D NOVEMBER 2012 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITY, GROOTVLEI POWER STATION

REPORT NO 12/115/D NOVEMBER 2012 GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR THE PROPOSED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC FACILITY, GROOTVLEI POWER STATION Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Engineering Geologists P.O.Box 3557 Cramerview 2060. Tel: (011) 465-1699. Fax: (011) 465-4586. Cell 082 556 7302 & 076 966 8445 REPORT NO 12/115/D NOVEMBER 2012 GEOTECHNICAL

More information

DRILL HOLE # BH-BGC13-FN-01

DRILL HOLE # BH-BGC13-FN-01 DILL HOLE # BH-BGC3-FN-0 Drill Method: Mud otary/coring Depth To ock (m): N/A Page of 7 eviewed by: AJB 0 GAVEL (GW) Fine to coarse, sandy, well graded, dense, max particle size = 30 mm, angular to subrounded,

More information

GEOTECHNICAL PHASE 1

GEOTECHNICAL PHASE 1 GEOTECHNICAL PHASE 1 FOR PROPOSED SKUKUZA SAFARI LODGE FOR KRUGER NATIONAL PARK MPUMALANGA PROVINCE SEPTEMBER 2014 Report No: G14-0902 Issue 2 Prepared by: Conic North Consulting Engineers PO Box 11862

More information

Depth (ft) USCS Soil Description TOPSOIL & FOREST DUFF

Depth (ft) USCS Soil Description TOPSOIL & FOREST DUFF Test Pit No. TP-6 Location: Latitude 47.543003, Longitude -121.980441 Approximate Ground Surface Elevation: 1,132 feet Depth (ft) USCS Soil Description 0 1.5 1.5 5.0 SM 5.0 8.0 SM Loose to medium dense,

More information

APPENDIX C HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION

APPENDIX C HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION Figure B-5.7 Figure B-5.8 Preliminary Geotechnical and Environmental Report Appendix C Hydrogeologic Investigation APPENDIX C HYDROGEOLOGIC INVESTIGATION December 21, 2011 WESTSIDE SUBWAY EXTENSION PROJECT

More information

16 January 2018 Job Number: RICHARD NEWMAN C\- CLARK FORTUNE MCDONALD AND ASSOCIATES PO BOX 553 QUEENSTOWN

16 January 2018 Job Number: RICHARD NEWMAN C\- CLARK FORTUNE MCDONALD AND ASSOCIATES PO BOX 553 QUEENSTOWN 16 January 2018 Job Number: 50595 RICHARD NEWMAN C\- CLARK FORTUNE MCDONALD AND ASSOCIATES PO BOX 553 QUEENSTOWN CHANSEN@CFMA.CO.NZ STORMWATER DISPOSAL ASSESSMENT Dear Richard, RDAgritech were requested

More information

SOIL MECHANICS Geology

SOIL MECHANICS Geology 14.330 SOIL MECHANICS FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING (FE) EXAM CALCULATOR POLICY (AS OF 01/23/13) http://ncees.org/exams/calculator-policy/ Casio: All fx-115 models. Examples of acceptable Casio fx-115 models

More information

REPORT TO TGC ENGINEERS CC. ON A GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR A PROPOSED NEW LANDFILL, CANDIDATE SITE 1 KRANTZ FONTEIN FARM KOKSTAD

REPORT TO TGC ENGINEERS CC. ON A GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR A PROPOSED NEW LANDFILL, CANDIDATE SITE 1 KRANTZ FONTEIN FARM KOKSTAD REPORT TO TGC ENGINEERS CC. ON A GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR A PROPOSED NEW LANDFILL, CANDIDATE SITE 1 KRANTZ FONTEIN FARM KOKSTAD 1. INTRODUCTION Drennan, Maud and Partners was requested by Mr Graham

More information

Ecoregions Glossary. 7.8B: Changes To Texas Land Earth and Space

Ecoregions Glossary. 7.8B: Changes To Texas Land Earth and Space Ecoregions Glossary Ecoregions The term ecoregions was developed by combining the terms ecology and region. Ecology is the study of the interrelationship of organisms and their environments. The term,

More information

Soil Mechanics/Geotechnical Engineering I Prof. Dilip Kumar Baidya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Soil Mechanics/Geotechnical Engineering I Prof. Dilip Kumar Baidya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Soil Mechanics/Geotechnical Engineering I Prof. Dilip Kumar Baidya Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 01 Rock Cycle Good morning. I welcome you to this

More information

A. V T = 1 B. Ms = 1 C. Vs = 1 D. Vv = 1

A. V T = 1 B. Ms = 1 C. Vs = 1 D. Vv = 1 Geology and Soil Mechanics 55401 /1A (2002-2003) Mark the best answer on the multiple choice answer sheet. 1. Soil mechanics is the application of hydraulics, geology and mechanics to problems relating

More information

Connecticut's Aquifers

Connecticut's Aquifers Page 1 of 5 DEP Search: Connecticut's Aquifers The technical definition of the word "aquifer" is: any geologic formation capable of yielding significant quantities of water to wells. By that definition,

More information

A. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface).

A. IGNEOUS Rocks formed by cooling and hardening of hot molten rock called magma (within crust or at its surface). EARTH SCIENCE 11 CHAPTER 5 NOTES KEY How Earth's Rocks Were Formed Early geologists believed that the physical features of the Earth were formed by sudden spectacular events called CATASTROPHES. Modern

More information

Telephone : G. Ntaka : Fax : M. Bénet :

Telephone : G. Ntaka : Fax : M. Bénet : Our Ref: P 24058 Your Ref: Drennan Maud cc. CK 95/54198/23 Consulting Geotechnical Engineers & Engineering Geologists VAT Reg ¹ 4770223594 P.O. Box 22997 Unit 7, Gayridge Business Park ¹ 2 MARGATE 13 Wingate

More information

APPENDIX 6: GEOTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION

APPENDIX 6: GEOTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION APPENDIX 6: GEOTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATES SAMANCOR CHROME, MIDDELBURG GEOTECHNICAL FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATION FOR NEW CHROME PLANT FACILITY J VAN TONDER (PrSciNat)

More information

Primary Structures in Sedimentary Rocks. Engr. Sultan A. Khoso

Primary Structures in Sedimentary Rocks. Engr. Sultan A. Khoso Primary Structures in Sedimentary Rocks Engr. Sultan A. Khoso Sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are those rocks which are formed by the weathered sediments of pre existing rocks (igneous or metamorphic

More information

Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment

Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment Sediment and sedimentary rocks Sediment From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) Sedimentary

More information

SOIL FORMATION SOIL CLASSIFICATION FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS. Soil Properties and Classification

SOIL FORMATION SOIL CLASSIFICATION FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS. Soil Properties and Classification SOIL CLASSIFICATION FOR GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS Soil Properties and Classification Soil Formation Soil Types Particle Size Analysis and Grading Characteristics Consistency Indices Engineering classification

More information

Geology 229 Engineering Geology. Lecture 6. Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5)

Geology 229 Engineering Geology. Lecture 6. Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5) Geology 229 Engineering Geology Lecture 6 Basic Rock Classification and Engineering Considerations (West, Chs. 2, 3, 4, 5) Outline of this Lecture 1. Rock types and rock cycle 2. Geological and engineering

More information

This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine

This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine Don t forget to visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org Use subject to the terms and conditions of the respective

More information

Soil Mechanics. Chapter # 1. Prepared By Mr. Ashok Kumar Lecturer in Civil Engineering Gpes Meham Rohtak INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS AND ITS TYPES

Soil Mechanics. Chapter # 1. Prepared By Mr. Ashok Kumar Lecturer in Civil Engineering Gpes Meham Rohtak INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS AND ITS TYPES Soil Mechanics Chapter # 1 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL MECHANICS AND ITS TYPES Prepared By Mr. Ashok Kumar Lecturer in Civil Engineering Gpes Meham Rohtak Chapter Outlines Introduction to Soil Mechanics, Soil

More information

Project: ITHACA-TOMPKINS REGIONAL AIRPORT EXPANSION Project Location: ITHACA, NY Project Number: 218-34 Key to Soil Symbols and Terms TERMS DESCRIBING CONSISTENCY OR CONDITION COARSE-GRAINED SOILS (major

More information

Geology and Soil Mechanics /1A ( ) Mark the best answer on the multiple choice answer sheet.

Geology and Soil Mechanics /1A ( ) Mark the best answer on the multiple choice answer sheet. Geology and Soil Mechanics 55401 /1A (2003-2004) Mark the best answer on the multiple choice answer sheet. 1. Soil mechanics is the application of hydraulics, geology and mechanics to problems relating

More information

1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below

1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below 1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below freezing B) a wet climate in which temperatures alternate

More information

Chapter 6 Pages of Earth s Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Chapter 6 Pages of Earth s Past: Sedimentary Rocks Chapter 6 Pages of Earth s Past: Sedimentary Rocks Introduction! Drilling into the bottom of the North Sea, we encounter: " Soft mud and loose sand, silt, pebbles, and shells. Then: " Similar materials

More information

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each) Sedimentary Rocks & Surface Processes Quest Name: Earth Science 2013 Block: Date: Section I: Multiple Choice Select the best answer to each question. Mark your final answer on the answer sheet. (1 pt each)

More information

Photo 1 - Southerly view across 2700 parking lot toward existing building. Multi-residential building borders western side of property in upper right of view. Photo 2 - Southerly view across 2750 parking

More information

Sedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris

Sedimentary Rocks. All sedimentary rocks begin to form when existing rocks are broken down into sediments Sediments are mainly weathered debris Rocks! Objectives Describe the major processes involved in the formation of sedimentary rock Distinguish between clastic sedimentary rocks and chemical sedimentary rocks Identify the features that are

More information

Project No: 68R3056 Client: City of Frederick Project: RFQ 14-H Future North Side Water Tank City/State: 7516 Hayward Road, Frederick, MD

Project No: 68R3056 Client: City of Frederick Project: RFQ 14-H Future North Side Water Tank City/State: 7516 Hayward Road, Frederick, MD Boring: SB-1 (1 of 1) Moist, brown to orange brown CLAY and SILT, trace sand with fine weathered rock fragments. POSSIBLE FILL. Dry, orange brown sandy SILT trace clay (SM-ML). RESIDUAL SOIL : Not Surveyed

More information

Pierce County Department of Planning and Land Services Development Engineering Section

Pierce County Department of Planning and Land Services Development Engineering Section Page 1 of 7 Pierce County Department of Planning and Land Services Development Engineering Section PROJECT NAME: DATE: APPLICATION NO.: PCDE NO.: LANDSLIDE HAZARD AREA (LHA) GEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT

More information

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition

Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another

More information

Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?

Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant? 1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream

More information

Chapter 12 Subsurface Exploration

Chapter 12 Subsurface Exploration Page 12 1 Chapter 12 Subsurface Exploration 1. The process of identifying the layers of deposits that underlie a proposed structure and their physical characteristics is generally referred to as (a) subsurface

More information

Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures

Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Name: Lab 7: Sedimentary Structures Sedimentary rocks account for a negligibly small fraction of Earth s mass, yet they are commonly encountered because the processes that form them are ubiquitous in the

More information

Boreholes. Implementation. Boring. Boreholes may be excavated by one of these methods: 1. Auger Boring 2. Wash Boring 3.

Boreholes. Implementation. Boring. Boreholes may be excavated by one of these methods: 1. Auger Boring 2. Wash Boring 3. Implementation Boreholes 1. Auger Boring 2. Wash Boring 3. Rotary Drilling Boring Boreholes may be excavated by one of these methods: 4. Percussion Drilling The right choice of method depends on: Ground

More information

ECoast Homes Pty Ltd: Proposed 76-lot subdivision, Penquite Road, Newstead GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT 7 April 2009

ECoast Homes Pty Ltd: Proposed 76-lot subdivision, Penquite Road, Newstead GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT 7 April 2009 99 Attachment 11 (8 pages including this page) Interpretation of site geology and soils, laboratory test results, and generalised AS2870 classifications 100 Geological setting The proposed subdivision

More information

Sedimentology & Stratigraphy. Thanks to Rob Viens for slides

Sedimentology & Stratigraphy. Thanks to Rob Viens for slides Sedimentology & Stratigraphy Thanks to Rob Viens for slides Sedimentology The study of the processes that erode, transport and deposit sediments Sedimentary Petrology The study of the characteristics and

More information

Module 1 : Site Exploration and Geotechnical Investigation

Module 1 : Site Exploration and Geotechnical Investigation Objectives In this section you will learn the following Displacement borings Wash boring Auger boring Rotary drilling Percussion drilling Continuous sampling Boring methods of exploration The boring methods

More information

ENCE 3610 Soil Mechanics. Site Exploration and Characterisation Field Exploration Methods

ENCE 3610 Soil Mechanics. Site Exploration and Characterisation Field Exploration Methods ENCE 3610 Soil Mechanics Site Exploration and Characterisation Field Exploration Methods Geotechnical Involvement in Project Phases Planning Design Alternatives Preparation of Detailed Plans Final Design

More information

SASKATCHEWAN STRATIGRAPHY GLACIAL EXAMPLE BOULDERS IN GLACIAL DEPOSITS

SASKATCHEWAN STRATIGRAPHY GLACIAL EXAMPLE BOULDERS IN GLACIAL DEPOSITS SASKATCHEWAN STRATIGRAPHY GLACIAL EXAMPLE BOULDERS IN GLACIAL DEPOSITS 51 SASKATCHEWAN STRATIGRAPHY GLACIAL SURFICIAL STRATIFIED DEPOSITS 52 SASKATCHEWAN STRATIGRAPHY GLACIAL EXAMPLE OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITION

More information

Sediment. Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface

Sediment. Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface Sediment Some basic terminology Weathering: mechanical and chemical decomposition and disintegration of rock and minerals at the surface Erosion: removal of weathered rock and minerals from one place to

More information

J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A.

J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. J. Paul Guyer, P.E., R.A. Paul Guyer is a registered mechanical engineer, civil engineer, fire protection engineer and architect with over 35 years experience in the design of buildings and related infrastructure.

More information

Project No.: R01

Project No.: R01 Report to Voigts Construction on a Geotechnical Investigation carried out for the Royal Albert Lodge, Albert Falls Dam, KwaZulu-Natal Project No.: 18-156R01 Date Issued: November 2018 Report to Voigts

More information

Introduction to Soil Mechanics Geotechnical Engineering-II

Introduction to Soil Mechanics Geotechnical Engineering-II Introduction to Soil Mechanics Geotechnical Engineering-II ground SIVA Dr. Attaullah Shah 1 Soil Formation Soil derives from Latin word Solum having same meanings as our modern world. From Geologist point

More information

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018

Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Lecture Outline Wednesday - Friday February 14-16, 2018 Quiz 2 scheduled for Friday Feb 23 (Interlude B, Chapters 6,7) Questions? Chapter 6 Pages of the Past: Sedimentary Rocks Key Points for today Be

More information

Rocks and Weathering

Rocks and Weathering Rocks and Weathering The Effects of Weathering The process of mountain building thrusts rock up to Earth s surface. Weathering is the process that breaks down rock and other substances at Earth s surface.

More information

SOIL MECHANICS SAB1713 DR. HETTY

SOIL MECHANICS SAB1713 DR. HETTY SOIL MECHANICS SAB1713 DR. HETTY INTRODUCTION SOIL MECHANICS -Concerned solely with soils -Concerned with the deformation and strength of bodies of soils -Concerned with the interaction of structures with

More information

GEOLOGIC/GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR TENTATIVE MAP LAVENIDA SUBDIVISION (APN # ) ORINDA, CALIFORNIA

GEOLOGIC/GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR TENTATIVE MAP LAVENIDA SUBDIVISION (APN # ) ORINDA, CALIFORNIA GEOLOGIC/GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION FOR TENTATIVE MAP LAVENIDA SUBDIVISION (APN #271-120-011) ORINDA, CALIFORNIA A 580 Ts 590 HMA-1 600 HMA-2 70 Ts 610 Ts HMA-3 HLA-5 GJA-6 LD-2 23

More information

LEGEND BUSINESS ZONE NORTH OF AGRESEARCH BOREHOLE CPT SEISMIC CPT AUGER SCALE. Powells Road TEST PIT AGRESEARCH INNOVATION PARK. Hamilton Ring Road

LEGEND BUSINESS ZONE NORTH OF AGRESEARCH BOREHOLE CPT SEISMIC CPT AUGER SCALE. Powells Road TEST PIT AGRESEARCH INNOVATION PARK. Hamilton Ring Road LEGEND ra R aku Ru BUSINESS ZONE NORTH OF Powells Road oad AGRESEARCH BOREHOLE CPT SEISMIC CPT AUGER SCALE 3 mm TEST PIT AS121 SCPT12 TP18 BH13 TP15 2 AS125 AS126 TP14 BH12 AGRESEARCH CPT13 TP17 INNOVATION

More information

UAS Student Residence

UAS Student Residence General Notes, Abbreviations and Symbols C100 MATCH LINE - SEE SHEET L6 Existing Site Topographic Conditions C101 MATCH LINE - SEE SHEET L5 Existing Site Topographic Conditions C102 DEPTH(FT.) 5 FROZEN

More information

What factors affect the angle of a slope?

What factors affect the angle of a slope? Climate Rock type and Structure What factors affect the angle of a slope? Aspect Fast mass movements Slides: Slides are movements along the SLIP PLANE, i.e. a line of weakness in the rock or soil structure.

More information

DRENNAN MAUD (PTY) LTD

DRENNAN MAUD (PTY) LTD DRENNAN MAUD (PTY) LTD GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERS AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGISTS Incorporating Drennan Maud & Partners (Est.1975) and GAP Consulting Reg. No. 2014/038872/07 Durban Head Office Info@drennanmaud.com

More information

TRANSPORT SCOTLAND A9 DUALLING SOUTHERN SECTION NOTES ON EXPLORATORY HOLE RECORDS GENERAL NOTES. Contract No. G151043U Appendix A Rev KS/01

TRANSPORT SCOTLAND A9 DUALLING SOUTHERN SECTION NOTES ON EXPLORATORY HOLE RECORDS GENERAL NOTES. Contract No. G151043U Appendix A Rev KS/01 1 OPERATING PROCEDURES GENERAL NOTES The procedure used for cable percussion boring, rotary drilling, trial pitting, sampling, in situ and laboratory testing and sample descriptions are generally in accordance

More information

6.2 Geotechnical Investigation and Construction Material Survey

6.2 Geotechnical Investigation and Construction Material Survey 6.2 Geotechnical Investigation and Construction Material Survey Geological surveys and investigations were conducted to obtain information on the subsurface geological condition required for the preliminary

More information

Lecture 2: Soil Properties and Groundwater Flow

Lecture 2: Soil Properties and Groundwater Flow ENGI 7718 Environmental Geotechniques ENGI 9621 Soil Remediation Engineering Lecture 2: Soil Properties and Groundwater Flow Spring 2011 Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science 1 2.1 Soil properties 2.1.1

More information

Theory of Shear Strength

Theory of Shear Strength SKAA 1713 SOIL MECHANICS Theory of Shear Strength Prepared by, Dr. Hetty 1 SOIL STRENGTH DEFINITION Shear strength of a soil is the maximum internal resistance to applied shearing forces The maximum or

More information

Geology and New England Landscapes

Geology and New England Landscapes Geology and New England Landscapes Jim Turenne, CPSS USDA-NRCS Warwick, RI. http://nesoil.com Why Geology? Provides the big picture of site conditions. Major part of soil formation (parent material and

More information

THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER

THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER THE CROW CANYON ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER STRATIGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION FORM INSTRUCTIONS Revised 2/2001 Please fill out a separate Stratigraphic Description Form for each stratum in a stratigraphic profile. Number

More information

Reference No S072 APRIL 2012

Reference No S072 APRIL 2012 A REPORT TO SOLMAR DEVELOPMENT CORP. A PRELIMINARY SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR PROPOSED SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT NORTHEAST OF SIDEROAD 5 AND 0 LINE TOWN OF ERIN Reference No. 202-S072 APRIL 202 DISTRIBUTION

More information

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown.

Name. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown. Name 1. In the cross section of the hill shown below, which rock units are probably most resistant to weathering? 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different

More information

Geotechnical Engineering Study, Conifer Senior High School Football Field Improvements, Conifer, Colorado

Geotechnical Engineering Study, Conifer Senior High School Football Field Improvements, Conifer, Colorado 2390 South Lipan Street Denver, CO 80223 phone: (303) 742-9700 fax: (303) 742-9666 email: kadenver@kumarusa.com www.kumarusa.com Office Locations: Denver (HQ), Colorado Springs, Fort Collins, and Frisco,

More information

Soil Mechanics III. SOIL COMPOSITION WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS

Soil Mechanics III. SOIL COMPOSITION WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS Soil Mechanics III. SOIL COMPOSITION WEIGHT-VOLUME RELATIONSHIPS TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS Soil Basic Terminology Basic Terminology Porosity. Porosity of a soil mass is the ratio of the volume of voids

More information

Report of Preliminary Geotechnical Exploration. CSO-012 Sewer Separation Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. February, 2011

Report of Preliminary Geotechnical Exploration. CSO-012 Sewer Separation Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. February, 2011 11242843_GeoTech_Preliminary - Feburary 2011_1/40 Report of Preliminary Geotechnical Exploration CSO-012 Sewer Separation Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio February, 2011 11242843_GeoTech_Preliminary -

More information

Don Elsenheimer, Ph.D Glenn Melchert Minnesota Dept. Natural Resources

Don Elsenheimer, Ph.D Glenn Melchert Minnesota Dept. Natural Resources Regional Survey of Gold in Till, Bigfork Greenstone Belt, St. Louis & Itasca Counties, Minnesota: Follow-up Trenching in Areas with Anomalously High Gold Grain Counts Don Elsenheimer, Ph.D Glenn Melchert

More information

Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals. Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane SGM 210_2013

Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals. Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane SGM 210_2013 Igneous and Metamorphic Rock Forming Minerals Department of Geology Mr. Victor Tibane 1 SGM 210_2013 Classification of sedimentary rocks Sedimentary rocks are products of weathered, fragmented or dissolved,

More information

Superficial Geology Map - Slice A. Order Details: Order Number: Customer Reference: National Grid Reference: Slice: Site Area (Ha): Search Buffer (m):

Superficial Geology Map - Slice A. Order Details: Order Number: Customer Reference: National Grid Reference: Slice: Site Area (Ha): Search Buffer (m): Superficial Geology Superficial Deposits are the youngest geological deposits formed during the most recent period of geological time, the Quaternary, which extends back about 1.8 million years from the

More information

3.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

3.0 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AECOM 500 W Jefferson St. Suite 1600 Louisville, KY 40202 www.aecom.com 502-569-2301 tel 502-569-2304 fax October 17, 2018 Big Rivers Electric Corporation Sebree Generating Station 9000 Highway 2096 Robards,

More information

SITE INVESTIGATION 1

SITE INVESTIGATION 1 SITE INVESTIGATION 1 Definition The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally referred to as site investigation.

More information

University of Pretoria. Matthys Dippenaar and Louis van Rooy Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Geology Department July 2017, Livingstone, Zambia

University of Pretoria. Matthys Dippenaar and Louis van Rooy Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, Geology Department July 2017, Livingstone, Zambia University of Pretoria Contributions to the Characterisation of the Vadose Zone f or Hydrogeological and Geotechnical Applications Matthys Dippenaar and Louis van Rooy Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology,

More information

Sediment and Sedimentary rock

Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment and Sedimentary rock Sediment: An accumulation of loose mineral grains, such as boulders, pebbles, sand, silt or mud, which are not cemented together. Mechanical and chemical weathering produces

More information

NORTH LAKES ESTATE - STAGE 20 SITE CLASSIFICATION

NORTH LAKES ESTATE - STAGE 20 SITE CLASSIFICATION NORTH LAKES ESTATE - STAGE 20 SITE CLASSIFICATION North Lakes Pty Ltd GEOTWARA20569AA-AB 28 November 2007 Coffey Geotechnics Pty Ltd ABN 93 056 929 483 19 Warabrook Boulevard Warabrook NSW 2304 Australia

More information

23/9/2013 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. Chapter 2: Rock classification:

23/9/2013 ENGINEERING GEOLOGY. Chapter 2: Rock classification: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 2: Rock classification: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY Chapter 1.0: Introduction to engineering geology Chapter 2.0: Rock classification Igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks Metamorphic rocks

More information

SOIL AND AGGREGATE FUNDAMENTALS STUDENT GUIDE AMRC April, 2006 AREA MANAGER ROADS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY

SOIL AND AGGREGATE FUNDAMENTALS STUDENT GUIDE AMRC April, 2006 AREA MANAGER ROADS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY AREA MANAGER ROADS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM AMRC 2011 SOIL AND AGGREGATE FUNDAMENTALS STUDENT GUIDE FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY April, 2006 WPC #28013 07/09 2009 by British Columbia Institute of Technology

More information

Fossils and Geology of Litzsinger Road Ecology Center

Fossils and Geology of Litzsinger Road Ecology Center Fossils and Geology of Litzsinger Road Ecology Center Table of Content Key Terms 1 Key Terms 2 What you need to know Geologic Map of Missouri Geologic Time Chart More of what you need to know Digital map

More information

APPENDIX C. Borehole Data

APPENDIX C. Borehole Data APPENDIX C Borehole Data MAJOR DIVISIONS SOIL CLASSIFICATION CHART SYMBOLS GRAPH LETTER TYPICAL DESCRIPTIONS ADDITIONAL MATERIAL

More information

LEGEND ODOT CLASS A-3. A-3a. A-4a. A-6a. A-6b TOTAL VISUAL VISUAL VISUAL BORING LOCATION - PLAN VIEW

LEGEND ODOT CLASS A-3. A-3a. A-4a. A-6a. A-6b TOTAL VISUAL VISUAL VISUAL BORING LOCATION - PLAN VIEW PROJECT THE PROJECT CONSISTS IN PART OF CONSTRUCTING A SINGLE-SPAN BRIDGE ON RELOCATED SHUMWAY HOOW ROAD OVER THE CSXT RAILROAD. THE STRUCTURE AS ANNED, IS A SINGLE-SPAN STRUCTURE WITH MSE WAS AT THE ABUTMENTS.

More information

Page 4.1 Overview 4-3

Page 4.1 Overview 4-3 Chapter 4 Contents Page 4.1 Overview 4-3 4.2 Soil Classification 4-3 4.2.1 Coarse Grained Soils 4-4 4.2.2 Fine-Grained Inorganic Soils 4-7 4.2.3 Organic Fine Grained Soils 4-7 4.2.4 Angularity 4-10 4.2.5

More information

B-1 BORE LOCATION PLAN. EXHIBIT Drawn By: 115G BROOKS VETERINARY CLINIC CITY BASE LANDING AND GOLIAD ROAD SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS.

B-1 BORE LOCATION PLAN. EXHIBIT Drawn By: 115G BROOKS VETERINARY CLINIC CITY BASE LANDING AND GOLIAD ROAD SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS. N B-1 SYMBOLS: Exploratory Boring Location Project Mngr: BORE LOCATION PLAN Project No. GK EXHIBIT Drawn By: 115G1063.02 GK Scale: Checked By: 1045 Central Parkway North, Suite 103 San Antonio, Texas 78232

More information

The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally

The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally The process of determining the layers of natural soil deposits that will underlie a proposed structure and their physical properties is generally referred to as sub surface investigation 2 1 For proper

More information

Use of RMR to Improve Determination of the Bearing Resistance of Rock

Use of RMR to Improve Determination of the Bearing Resistance of Rock Creating Value Delivering Solutions Use of RMR to Improve Determination of the Bearing Resistance of Rock Scott Zang, P.E. Michael Baker Jr., Inc. ASD Design Q v allowable is a presumptive allowable bearing

More information

Hydro One (Sept 2014) Hydro One (Sept 2014) Hydro One (Sept 2014)

Hydro One (Sept 2014) Hydro One (Sept 2014) Hydro One (Sept 2014) TABLE 1 WELL CONSTRUCTION DETAILS MOE WWR No Well ID Location Installation Date Status Easting Coordinates Northing Source Elevation Screened Interval Screened Material Borehole Well Stick-up Ground Top

More information

Lowest and Youngest Terrace : Soil Pit #4

Lowest and Youngest Terrace : Soil Pit #4 Lowest and Youngest Terrace : Soil Pit #4 Observations : Where : Huntington Terraces Climate : Cloudy, mid 60 s Our soil pit was the lowest of the 4 sites The pit site was located on the right side of

More information

Use of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) as a site investigation tool for residual soils and weak rock

Use of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) as a site investigation tool for residual soils and weak rock Use of the Light Falling Weight Deflectometer (LFWD) as a site investigation tool for residual soils and weak rock Dr. David Lacey, Dr. Burt Look & Dave Marks Summary of Presentation Introduction Residual

More information

PARQUE COLON AGUADILLA (LAND PROPERTY OF MUNICIPIO AGUADA) LOT PROPERTY OF SUNC. ESTEVEZ BW-1 BW-5 BW-2 DB1 BW-3 DB2 BW-4 DB3 GWS-1

PARQUE COLON AGUADILLA (LAND PROPERTY OF MUNICIPIO AGUADA) LOT PROPERTY OF SUNC. ESTEVEZ BW-1 BW-5 BW-2 DB1 BW-3 DB2 BW-4 DB3 GWS-1 N 64650 N 64600 N 64550 N 64500 N 64450 N 64400 N 64350 N 64300 N 64250 N 64200 N 64150 N 64100 N 64050 N 64000 N 63950 N 63900 N 63850 N 63800 N 63750 N 63700 N 63650 N 63600 N 63550 N 63500 N 63450 N

More information

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way.

Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. Rocks Rock- A group of minerals, glass, mineroid bound together in some way. All rocks fit into one of three categories: Igneous- formed by the cooling and hardening of hot molten rock Sedimentary- formed

More information

Feet. SAND; clayey, fine grained; shells are common; rounded quartz grains. SHELLS; muddy; almost no sand, shells and fragments common

Feet. SAND; clayey, fine grained; shells are common; rounded quartz grains. SHELLS; muddy; almost no sand, shells and fragments common SAND; clayey, fine grained; shells are common; rounded quartz grains SHELLS; muddy; almost no sand, shells and fragments common SAND; back to medium to fine; has a mottled appearance and looks burrowed;

More information

Collapsible Soils Definitions

Collapsible Soils Definitions Collapsible Soils Definitions Collapsible soils are also known as metastable soils. They are unsaturated soils that undergo a large volume change upon saturation. The sudden and usually large volume change

More information