AIMS REVIEW QUESTIONS Pd

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1 AIMS REVIEW QUESTIONS Name Pd SCIENTIFIC METHOD/INQUIRY 1. Write the steps of the Scientific Method in order: 2. Define the two different types of data: Quantitative- Qualitative- 3. Given the following scenario: A) write the variables and problem B) construct a data table of the data given and C) draw a graph of the data. Don t forget labels! Janelle observed that different amounts of fossils were present in a cliff behind her house. She wondered if changes in fossil content occurred from the top to the bottom of the bank. She marked the bank at five positions: 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, and 25 m from the surface. She removed one bucket of soil from each of the positions and determined the amount of fossils in each sample. Her data was: 20 meters: 57 fossils 15 meters: 12 fossils 10 meters: 45 fossils 25 meters: 32 fossils 5 meters: 25 fossils A) IV = DV = Constants = Problem: B) C) 4. Determine which kind of science (pure or applied) is being practiced in the following scenarios: a. Scientists research how to convert milk into biofuel: b. Scientists study how cutting off blood supply to tumors can diminish their size. They are contributing to the effort to make cancer drugs that work in new and different ways: c. Particle physicists try to determine if there is a God Particle :

2 CELLS (ORGANELLES AND TRANSPORT) 5. Every living thing is made up of. 6. State the three fundamentals of the cell theory: i. ii. iii. 7. The two broadest types of cells are (has DNA inside a nucleus & mitochondria) and ( has DNA in the cytoplasm) 8. The differences between plant and animals cells are as follows: Plant Cells Animal Cells -have -have -has large - shape -have no -have no -has small - shape 9. ORGANELLE Cell Wall Cell Membrane Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Ribosome Cytoplasm FUNCTION 10. The cell membrane is made of a with proteins. 11. There are two types of movement in and out of a cell: : the movement of substances through the cell membrane; molecules move against the concentration gradient (high to low concentration); uses energy : the movement of substances through the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell, molecules move down the concentration gradient (high to low concentration) 12. is the movement of H2O through a semi-permeable from an area of concentration to concentration. 13. When comparing two solutions, they can be classified as either: : a solution that has a lower concentration of solute than another

3 : a solution that has an equal concentration of solute as another : a solution that has a higher concentration of solute than another 14. is the movement of molecules through the cell membrane through a protein. CELL REPRODUCTION 15. The two types of cellular reproduction are: &. 16. is the process your body cells reproduce by. This process is ASEXUAL / SEXUAL. 17. is the reproduction of sex cells. 18. Another word for body cells is somatic cells. Examples would be: skin cells, nerve cells, and blood cells, which are DIPLOID / HAPLOID. This number is represented as 2n / n. 19. Another word for sex cells is. 20. The meiotic (meiosis) process where sperm are made produces how many viable sperm cells? These sperm cells created are DIPLOID / HAPLOID. 21. The meiotic (meiosis) process where eggs are made produces viable egg(s) and polar bodies. The viable egg is DIPLOID / HAPLOID. 22. Sperm and egg cells are DIPLOID / HAPLOID. Another way to represent this number is 2n / n. A fertilized egg, or embryo, is DIPLOID / HAPLOID. DNA REPLICATION 23. DNA stands for. 24. and are credited with the discovery of the structure of DNA, is not, even though it was her work that lead to the discovery. 25. DNA s structure is a, which looks like a spiral staircase. 26. The building block of DNA is the, which is composed of: a, a, and a. 27. The four nitrogen bases of DNA are: ( ), ( ), ( ), and ( ). is properly paired with and is properly paired with. 28. How DNA Replication occurs: First, the DNA is by helicase and the two strands are exposed. Then, free floating come over and properly line up with their partner ( with, and with ). Next, polymerase the paired together. This results in two daughter molecules of DNA, each with one strand and one strand. 29. Write the complimentary DNA strand for: CTAATGT

4 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 30. A of the DNA that gives the code for one is a gene. 31. RNA stands for. 32. The four nitrogen bases of RNA are: ( ), ( ), ( ), and ( ). Write the complimentary RNA strand for: CTAATGT 33. The three types of RNA are: rrna: makes up the mrna: travels out of the and into the trna: carries the to the mrna going through the ribosome 34. A protein can be a combination of different kinds of. GENETICS 35. The Father of Genetics is. He meticulously bred plants to understand genes. 36. In heterozygous individuals, only the allele is expressed in the individual s external appearance. 37. For an allele (use H and h) the two homozygous genotype combinations are and. And the heterozygous genotype is. 38. The external appearance of an organism due to the alleles is called the. 39. The genetic make-up of an individual, or their letter combination (DNA), is called the. 40. There are sex chromosomes in a human. The sex chromosomes of a man are, and of a woman they are. 41. There are non sex chromosomes in a human, they are also called. The trait for free ear lobes (E) is dominant to attached ear lobes (e). If a HETERZYGOUS person is crossed with a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT person: 42. What are the genotypes and percentages? = % = % What are the phenotypes and percentages? = % = % 43.What two genotypes would you have to cross to get a 50% likelihood that the offspring would have attached earlobes? x Hemophilia is a recessive sex-linked trait. 44. Draw the cross (punnett square) between a HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT woman with a RECESSIVE male.

5 What is the chance their daughter will have Hemophilia? What is the chance their son will have Hemophilia? Match the explanation with the type of dominance: Complete Dominance Incomplete Dominance Codominance 45. A dominant allele will always mask a recessive allele when paired together: 46. When two dominants are paired and the phenotype shows both together but not as a blending: 47. A dominant allele does not mask the recessive allele, but blends with it when they are paired: EVOLUTION 48. Redi, Spallanzani and Pasteur disproved, which is the belief that living things arose from things. 49. What are at least 4 pieces of evidence that support the theory of evolution? a) b) c) d) 50. Describe Jean Baptiste de Lamarck hypothesis: Describe Charles Darwin s theory: 51. The 4 patterns of evolution are: Coevolution: when species evolve in response to in each other over time Evolution: when related species become more dissimilar Artificial Selection: when are favored by humans and then the organisms are bred to create offspring with these same. Evolution: when not closely related organisms become more similar 52. The 3 types of structures that are studied in evolution are: structures: there is evidence of a common although the structure and its function are different

6 Vestigial structures: the structure is, but had an original purpose structures: structures are similar from adaptations due to an change. CLASSIFICATION 53. is the branch of biology that identifies and names organisms 54.The three rules to write an organism s scientific name in binomial nomenclature are: a. b. c. 55. The taxonomic levels from smallest to largest are:,,,,,,, and. 56. The 3 domains are: The 6 kingdoms are: 57. A is a set of statements that separate a group of organism into one of two different groups over and over again. 58. A is a visual image that shows the adaptation paths taken by several different organisms. 59. A is a diagram that shows different common features of several organisms. ECOLOGY 60. What is the chemical equation for Photosynthesis? What organelle does it occur? 61. What is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration? What organelle does it occur? 62. Carbon Cycle -Biological processes like, respiration & decomposition take up and release carbon and oxygen

7 -geochemical processes such as erosion and eruptions release carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and oceans -the burial and decomposition of dead organisms and their conversion under pressure into coal and petroleum store underground -human activities such as mining, cutting and forests, burning fossil fuels, release carbon dioxide into the 63. In the Nitrogen Cycle, atmospheric nitrogen,, is not in a useable form, so it must be. 78 % of the Earth s atmosphere is made up of gas. Bacteria convert nitrogen gas into ammonia in a process called nitrogen. When the nitrogen is in a form that can be used by the (plants), they make proteins, which get eaten by the consumers. When organisms die, the nitrogen gets returned to the soil in the form of. 64. The Hydrological Cycle, cycle, has the following 5 processes: : the loss of water out of a plant s leaves (plants sweating ) Evaporation: when water heats up enough to become / Condensation: when water vapor, forming : the accumulation of water in soil, rivers, lakes, and oceans Precipitation: when condensation becomes too, and falls as,,, or to the earth. 65. Ecology is the study of between and the non-living components of their. 66. Organic compounds always contain. 67. (aka: ) are organisms that make their own energy, while (aka: ) must consume other organisms for their energy. 68. The four types of consumers are: : organism that consumes and gains energy from only plants : organism that consumes and gains energy from only meat : organism that consumes and gains energy from both plants and meat : organism that consumes and gains energy from dead/decaying organisms 69. Draw an energy pyramid with 4 levels & include energy percentages & label each trophic level.

8 70. The ultimate source of energy for all ecosystems is the. 71. Define: Biotic: Abiotic: 72. Define: Habitat: Niche: 73. Define: Density-Dependent Factors: Density-Independent Factors: 74. The levels of organization from largest to smallest are: biosphere,,,,,,, and. 75. The growth of a population is exponential, which produces a - curve when graphed. If limiting are present then the population will level off, which produces a - curve when graphed. What is carrying capacity? 76. is an ecological relationship in which 2 or more organisms live together in a close long term relationship. 3 types are: : one species benefits, the other is not helped or harmed : one species feeds on another (known as the host) : both species are benefited, neither is harmed.