TOPIC 1.1 CELLS & CELL THEORY HOW MANY DIFFERENT CELL TYPES DO MAMMALS HAVE?
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1 TOPIC 1.1 CELLS & CELL THEORY HOW MANY DIFFERENT CELL TYPES DO MAMMALS HAVE?
2 CELL THEORY
3 CELLS! MAMMALS HAVE APPROXIMATELY 200 TYPES A human contains 100 trillion cells Average cell is cm across cells per inch
4 CELL VARIETY!
5 WHY ARE CELLS SO IMPORTANT? The key to every biological problem must finally be sought in the cell, for every living organism is, or at some time has been, a cell. E.B. Wilson, 1925
6 1.1 (U1) ACCORDING TO THE CELL THEORY, LIVING ORGANISMS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS The Cell Theory (1838/1839) is a cornerstone of biology - All organisms are composed of one or more cells - Cells are the basic/smallest unit of life - All cells arise from previously existing cells EVIDENCE? WHEN CELLS ARE REMOVED FROM TISSUE THEY CAN SURVIVE FOR PERIODS OF TIME. NO UNIT SMALLER THAN A CELL COULD SURVIVE ON ITS OWN -
7 FOR FRIDAY RESEARCH THE MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING SCIENTISTS TO CELL THEORY. ROBERT HOOKE ANTON VAN LEEWENHOEK MATHIAS SCHLEIDEN THEORDOR SCHWANN LOUIS PASTEUR
8 EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT THE CELL THEORY Scientific investigations Living things have been examined and all have been found to consist of cells thus far. Exceptions to the rule: Do not disprove the cell theory however do not fit into our idea of cells as small box-like structures with the same organelles inside each cell.
9 ONLY EXCEPTION LIFE FIRST APPEARS ON EARTH BATTLE! CELL THEORY VS. SPONTANEOUS GENERATION Redi
10 1.1 (A1) QUESTIONING THE CELL THEORY USING ATYPICAL EXAMPLES, INCLUDING STRIATED MUSCLE, GIANT ALGAE AND ASEPTATE FUNGAL HYPHAE. Three examples Do not disprove the cell theory, but are a typical. For each: name what makes it atypical rough sketch
11 1.1 (A1) QUESTIONING THE CELL THEORY USING ATYPICAL EXAMPLES, INCLUDING STRIATED MUSCLE, GIANT ALGAE AND ASEPTATE FUNGAL HYPHAE. Striated muscle skeletal muscle fibers are larger (can be 300mm long) have one plasma membrane but many nuclei is not the typical view of one nuclei per cell
12 1.1 (A1) QUESTIONING THE CELL THEORY USING ATYPICAL EXAMPLES, INCLUDING STRIATED MUSCLE, GIANT ALGAE AND ASEPTATE FUNGAL HYPHAE. Giant Algea ex. Acetabularia) Single celled organism It has a complex structure made up of three anatomical parts Huge in size (5-100mm)
13 1.1 (A1) QUESTIONING THE CELL THEORY USING ATYPICAL EXAMPLES, INCLUDING STRIATED MUSCLE, GIANT ALGAE AND ASEPTATE FUNGAL HYPHAE. Aseptate Fungal Hyphae Challenges idea that a cell is a single unit Hyphae are large, many nucleus Continuous cytoplasm Cell walls made of chitin
14 1.1 (U2) ORGANISMS CONSISTING OF ONLY ONE CELL CARRY OUT ALL FUNCTIONS OF LIFE IN THAT CELL. BRAINSTORM What functions must something do to be considered living? Functions of living things nutrition, metabolism, growth, response, excretion, homeostasis, and reproduction
15 1.1 (U2) ORGANISMS CONSISTING OF ONLY ONE CELL CARRY OUT ALL FUNCTIONS OF LIFE IN THAT CELL. Nutrition: source of compounds to provide energy, either absorption or materials or photosynthesis Metabolism: all chemical reactions, ex. respiration Growth: grow or change size, may be limited but evident Response: react to the environment or stimuli Excretion: removal of metabolic waste Homeostasis: constant internal environment, ie. Temperature, ph, water balance Reproduction: hereditary molecules that can be passed on either sexually or asexually
16
17 1.1.A2 INVESTIGATION OF FUNCTIONS OF LIFE IN PARAMECIUM AND ONE NAMED PHOTOSYNTHETIC UNICELLULAR ORGANISM. HOW DOES THIS PARAMECIUM SHOW THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE?
18 HOW DOES THIS PARAMECIUM SHOW THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE?
19 1.1.A2 INVESTIGATION OF FUNCTIONS OF LIFE IN PARAMECIUM AND ONE NAMED PHOTOSYNTHETIC UNICELLULAR ORGANISM. HOW DOES THIS CHLORELLA ALGAE SHOW THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE?
20 HOW DOES THIS CHLORELLA ALGAE SHOW THE FUNCTIONS OF LIFE?
21 REVIEW TOMORROW CELL SIZE
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