Key words: broadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest; diameter distribution; constant ratio q; W eibull distribution; negative exponential distribution.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Key words: broadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest; diameter distribution; constant ratio q; W eibull distribution; negative exponential distribution."

Grace Patterson
5 years ago
Views:

1 Chinese Journal of Ecology 2010, 29 (8) : , 2, 3 1, 2, 4 1, ( 1, ; 2, ; 3, ; 4, ), 2 1 hm 2,W eiull q: 2 J, ;W eiull, W eiull,,w eiull ; 2 q ( ),, q, ; ; q ; W eiull; S A (2010) M odeling d iam eter d istr iution of pr imary roadleaf2korean pine m ixed forest in Changa i M oun ta in s. X IE Xiao2kui 1, 2, 3, SU Dong2kai 1, 2, 4, L IU Zheng2gang 1, 2, YU Da2pao 1, ZHOU L i 1, DA IL i2m in 1 ( 1 Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academ y of Sciences, Shenyang , Chi2 na; 2 Graduate U niversity of Chinese Academ y of Sciences, B eijing , China; 3 Hunan Agricul2 tural U niversity, Changsha , China; 4 J ilin Forest Industry Group L im ited L iaility Com pa2 ny, Changchun , Ch ina). Ch inese Jou rna l of Ecology, 2010, 29 (8) : Astract: Two 12ha p lots were set up in an old2growth roadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest in Changai Mountains, Northeast China, and the W eiull function, negative exponential function, and constant ratio q were used to model the diam eter distriution. In the two p lots, the diameter distriution of the trees all exhiited inverse J 2shape, which meant that understory regeneration was relatively good. Both W eiull and negative exponential functions were suitale for modeling the diam eter distriution in p rimary roadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest, ut W eiull function could etter p redict the numer of ig trees, compared w ith negative exponential function. The diam eter q values of the two p lots were small, eing 1174 and 1145, respectively, which meant that the slope of diameter distriution was quite m ild and there were many ig trees in the p lots. The constant ratio q was etter for exp ressing the diameter2density of roadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest, eing possile to e used to descrie the diam eter distriution of roadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest. Key words: roadleaf - Korean p ine m ixed forest; diameter distriution; constant ratio q; W eiull distriution; negative exponential distriution.,, (, 3 ( ) (2006D03A09 ) ( 863 ) (2006AA10Z251) 3 3 E2mail: lmdai@ iae. ac. cn : : ) (H itimana et al., 2004; Coomes & A llen, 2007), (Denslow, 1995; W ester et al., 2005), (Denslow, 1995;, 2005) ( Zenner, 2005)

2 ( Feeley et al., 2007),,,,J (, 1997; N iklas et al., 2003), (, 1997;, 2005) 50,,,,, J (, 1985;, 2007; W ang et al., 2009), (, 2006),, W eiull (Bailey & Dell, 1973; Nord2 Larsen & Cao, 2006),,,,, ( Zenner, 2005), 2 1 hm 2,W eiull q, ( N N, E E),, 700 m,1000 m,,,,,, 7 8, mm 115, 3212, , (, 2009 ), m (, 2005) ( P inus kora iensis) ( Tilia am u rensis) ( Q uercus m ongolica ) ( F raxinus m andshurica ) (A cer m ono),,(, 1981) ,100 m 100 m, m, 200 m m 20 m, 2 cm (DBH ),, 6 cm cm, W eiull q W eiull 3,, (, 2006) Meyer(1952), (1) W eiull f ( x) = 0 x a c x - a c- 1 exp - x > a, > 0, c > 0 x - a c (1) : a,; ; c ; x () c 1 316, ; c < 1, J ; c = 1, f ( x) = 1 exp - x - a = kexp [ - k ( x - a) ]; c = 2, ; c = 316, ; c,, n i = NW ( c ) ( x i - a ) c- 1 exp - ( x i - a ) c = N W f ( x) (2) : n i i ; N ; W ; x i i( )

3 : 1479 (2) y = ae - x (3) : y() ; x ( ) ; e ; a,, a a,,, ( G l et a l., 2005) (3) q,2 q (Meyer, 1952) Meyer,, q, q : q = n i - 1 n i = ae- x i- 1 ae - x i = e h (4) : n i i, x i i, h, q q, q q,, ; q,, W eiull (W ang et al., 2009) W eiull,,, W eiull + + ( Relia Soft Corporation) MatLa (Math Works Corporation), (SPSS, SAS, R,Mat2 La) q MatLa 1 Ta. 1 Stand structura l character istics ( cm) ( hm - 2 ) (m 2 hm - 2 ) A A hm - 2 ( 1), hm - 2 A1 A m 2 hm - 2 ( 1), A ,A , , 2, 2,,,,2 (6 DBH < 18 cm )5915% 6411%,( 30 cm DBH ) 2713% 2218% J (, 2008) ( 2), A1 A2W eiull ( c) ,, c < 1, J,W eiull, A 1 ca 2 c, ,A cm, A2 110 cm, cm 21 cm;a1 A ,2 (),; A1 A , A 1 A 2 12 F ig. 1 D BH2den sity d istr iution of stands 2 Ta. 2 Param eters of d iam eter d istr iution f itted function s W eiull q a c R 2 a R 2 A A

4 A1 W eiull, A1 A2,,A1 A2, A1 W eiull, (R 2 ) 0186, 01885;, (R 2 ) 0192, 01925, 2,W eiull,,,,,,,, ( 0) W eiull (R 2 ) > 0185, > 019 ( 2),, 2,, 2 ( 3 F ig. 3 Residua ls of oserved and m odel2pred icted den sity ) < 5; 17, ;,, ) 5, < 5, 2, ; 2 (,),( ) > 30 3, 2 W eiull ( cm, 8 cm > 40 cm ( R 2 ),, 0; W eiull, 213 q 2,A1 A2 q cm ( 2 cm ),q, ; A2 q,, 3 2 F ig. 2 O served and pred icted va lues of d iam eter d istr iu2 tion s w ith d ifferen t m odels, (, 2006),, 2 1 hm 2

5 : 1481 J, (, 1985;, 2007; W ang et al., 2009) (2006) J,, (, 2006), 2,,,,,,,,,, W eiull,,, 0; W eiull,,,,w eiull W ang ( 2009),,W eiull ( ), ( ),, q ( Goodurn & Lorimer, 1999), q, q (Hao et al., 2006), q , q (Meyer, 1952) 2 q ,,q,,, :.,,, , 32 (2) : ,, , 2: :.,,, , 37 (10) : 1-4.,, , 16 (1) : ,,, ( 5) : ,,, , 5: 1-14.,,, , 18 (8) : Bailey RL, Dell TR Quantifying diameter distriutions with the W eiull function. Forest Science, 19: Coomes DA, A llen RB Mortality and tree2size distriu2 tions in natural m ixed2age forests. Journal of Ecology, 95: Denslow JS D isturance and diversity in trop ical rain forests: The density effect. Ecological A pplications, 5: Feeley KJ, Davies SJ, NoorMNS, et al Do current stem size distriutions p redict future population changes? An em2 p irical test of intraspecific patterns in trop ical trees at two spatial scales. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 23: Goodurn JM, Lorimer CG Population structure in old2 growth and managed northern hardwoods: An exam ination of the alanced diameter distriution concep t. Forest Ecolo2 gy and M anagem ent, 118: G l AU, M isirm, M isir N, et al Calculation of uneven2 aged stand structures with the negative exponential diameter distriution and Stera s modified competition density rule. Forest Ecology and M anagem ent, 214: Hao Q, Zhou Y, W ang L, et al Op tim ization models of stand structure and selective cutting cycle for large diameter trees of roadleaved forest in Changai Mountain. Journal of Forestry Research, 17: H itimana J, Kiyiap i JL, N junge JT Forest structure characteristics in distured and undistured sites ofm t. El2 gon Moist Lower Montane Forest, western Kenya. Forest Ecology and M anagem ent, 194: Meyer HA Structure, growth and drain in alanced une2 ven2aged forests. Journal of Forestry, 50: N iklas KJ, M idgley JJ, Rand RH Tree size frequency distriutions, p lant density, age and community distur2 ance. Ecology Letters, 6: Nord2Larsen T, Cao QV A diameter distriution model for even2aged eech in Denmark. Forest Ecology and M an2 agem ent, 231: W ang X, Hao Z, Zhang J, et al Tree size distriutions in an old2growth temperate forest. O ikos, 118: W ester PJ, Holland GJ, Curry JA, et al Changes in trop ical cyclone numer, duration, and intensity in a war2 m ing environment. Science, 309: Zenner EK Development of tree size distriutions in Douglas2fir forests under differing disturance Ecological A pplications, 15: regimes.,, ,, E2mail: xiexiaokui@ gmail. com

CO 2. Applied Ecology, Ch inese A cadem y of Sciences, Shenyang , Ch ina ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol.,

CO 2. Applied Ecology, Ch inese A cadem y of Sciences, Shenyang , Ch ina ). 2Chin. J. A ppl. Ecol., 2010 5 21 5 Chinese Journal of App lied Ecology, May 2010, 21 (5) : 1201-1209 3 1, 2 1 13 3 1 1 1 3 ( 1, 100101; 2, 100049; 3, 110016) CO 2 CO 2 (N EE)., 2003 CO 2,CO 2. :CO 2,. CO 2 CO 2 CO 2. CO 2, N