Features of Acidic Gases in Background A ir of Yangtze River Delta

Transcription

1 31 6 Vol. 31 No Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Dec. 2008,,,. [ J ]., 2008, 31 (6) : , 2, 3, 2, 4, 4 ( 1., ; 2., ; 3., ; 4., ) : NO x SO 2, : NO x SO 2, , ;, SO 2, NO x NO x,, 09: 00, 18: 00 ;, 07: 00 SO 2, 06: 00, 15: 00 NO 2 ( GB ), SO 2, NO 2 SO 2 12, NO 2 SO 2 : ; NO x ; SO 2 ; : P402 : A : (2008) Features of Acidic Gases in Background A ir of Yangtze River Delta FAN Shu2xian 1, 2, YANG Guan2ying 3, ZHU B in 2, TANG J ie 4,M ENG Zhao2yang 4 (1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological D isaster of M inistry of Education, NU IST, Nanjing , China; 2. Key Laboratory for A tmospheric Physics & Environment of China Meteorological Adm inistration, NU IST, Nanjing , China; 3. Information Centre of AnhuiMeteorological Bureau, Hefei , China; 4. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing , China) Abstract:B ased on the observations at L inπan regional background station in Zhejiang Province from D ecem ber 2003 to Novem ber 2004, the seasonal and diurnal variations of NO x and SO 2 concentra2 tions are analyzed. Result show s that the w inter background concentrations of acidic gases NO x and SO 2 in the Yangtze R iver D elta region are the highest w ith and ( volum e fraction), respectively, m ainly affected by the relatively high concentration contam ination transporta2 tion from the urban agglom eration of Shanghai2N anjing area to the northeast of L inπan. The concentra2 tions of acidic gases are the lowest in summ er, m ainly contributed by the local em ission sources. Rain2 fall can obviously scavenge SO 2, but it has low effect on NO x. The diurnal variation of NO x concentra2 tion p resents a typ ical bimodal pattern w ith the higher value at 09: 00 BST and the maximum at 18: 00 BST in w inter, while the variation is an unimodal pattern w ith the maximum at 07: 00 BST in summer. The diurnal variation of SO 2 concentration is remarkable in w inter and sp ring w ith the maximum around 06: 00 BST and the m inimum around 15: 00 BST. The air quality of annual regionalno 2 conform s to the p rimary standard of GB (Am bien t A ir Q ua lity S tanda rd), but SO 2 concentration exceeds the allowable lim it notably in w inter and sp ring for the obvious influence of human activity. A ir pollution : ; : : ( KLME060208) ; (08KJA170002) ; ( ) ; ( ) ( GYHY ) ; : (1963 ),,,,,, shuxianf@ nuist. edu. cn.

2 indexes of NO 2 and SO 2 reach the maximum s 50 and 93 in December, respectively. The weekend effect of NO 2 and SO 2 does not happen in this region. Key words: background atmosphere; NO x ; SO 2 ; the Yangtze R iver Delta 0 NO x (NO 2 NO) SO 2,, [ 1 ] SO 2 NO x, [ 224 ],,, [ 526 ], NO x H x O y SO 2,, NO x NMHC O 3, 8413% 9010% [ ],, NO x SO 2 1 a, NO x SO 2,,, NO x SO 2, 1 111, 10 km, 50 km, 300 km, E, N, m 2 3 km,, 1513, mm, 112 NO x SO 2 TE NO x Model242C, ( ), NO 2 NO SO 2 Mod2 el243a, ( ), 24 h, 75%,, ; 18, ; 21 [ 729 ], [ 13 ], SO 2 NO x [ 10 ], SO , NO 2 SO h t, ph , h, 91106% (NO 2 ) 86199% ( SO 2 ), 333 d (NO 2 ) 332 d ( SO 2 ) NO x SO 2 NO x NO, NO 2 NO,, NO x NO, NO 2 [ 14 ] NO NO x, NO x, NO 2 NO x 1 NO x SO 2 1, NO x ( 12 2 ), ( 3 5 ), ( 6 8 ) SO 2 NO x,, , 12, ,

3 6, : NO x ( a) SO 2 ( b) Fig. 1 Seasonal variations of ( a) NO x and ( b) SO 2 concentrations 300 km, [ 15 ], [ ],,, NO x SO 2, ;,,, NO x SO 2,, NO x SO 2, ; 8 9, [ ],, 8 9, NO x SO O 3, O 3, [ 19 ], NO x, NO x O 3 [ 20 ], 2 a ; b ; c ; d Fig. 2 Rose diagram s of wind directions in L inπan in ( a)w inter 2003, and ( b) Sp ring, ( c) Summer and ( d) Autumn 2004

4 806 31,,,,,, NO x SO 2 1 NO x SO 2 ( 2 ) ( 10 mm ) SO 2, 2154 ;, , SO 2 [ 21 ], 3 ( ) :, SO 2, NO x,, ;, NO x,, NO 2 NO mol L - 1 Pa - 1, SO 2 ( mol L - 1 Pa - 1 ),, NO x,,, NO x, NO x 1 NO x SO 2 Table 1 D aily average concentrations of NO X and SO 2 under the clear and rainy days during different seasons : 00 [ 14 ] NO x, 09: 00, 18: 00 ;, 07: 00 Parrish [ 22 ], NO x, NO x 3 NO x Fig. 3 D iurnal variation of NO x concentration in each season 4 SO 2,,, SO 2 04: 00 06: 00, 14: 00 16: 00 SO 2, [ 14 ],,,,, SO 2 NO x NO x SO 2 NO x SO NO x SO 2 3 NO x, NO x 14: 00, 18: 00, NO x 17: 00 4 SO 2 Fig. 4 D iurnal variation of SO 2 concentration in each season

5 6, : 807 SO 2 14: 00 16: 00,, NO x SO (GB ) NO 2 SO 2 [ 23 ], NO , NO 2 SO 2 5 NO 2, NO 2, NO 2 [ 14 ] 6 SO 2, ( a) 2004 ( b) ( c) ( d) NO 2 Fig. 5 Frequency distributions of NO 2 concentration in ( a)w inter 2003, and ( b) Sp ring, ( c) Summ er and ( d) A utum n ( a) 2004 ( b) ( c) ( d) SO 2 Fig. 6 Frequency distributions of SO 2 concentration in ( a)w inter 2003, and ( b) Sp ring, ( c) Summ er and ( d) A utum n 2004

6 NO 2,, ,, ,, NO 2, SO 2 [ 7 ] NO 2 SO 2 I i : i C i C i, j < C i < C i, j + 1, I i = ( I i, j +1 - I i, j ) (C i, j +1 - C i, j ) (C i - C i, j ) + I i, j : C i ; I i ; I i, j I i, j + 1 j j + 1 ; C i, j C i, j NO 2 NO 2 2 2,, 12, 50 7 ( ) [ 23 ], ( ), NO 2,, NO SO 2, 12, 93, 100, Table 2 S tatistics of NO 2 concentration 10-9 I NO SO 2 Table 3 S tatistics of SO 2 concentration 10-9 I SO

7 6, : 809 SO ( ), ( ),,, NO 2 SO 2,, [ 24 ] ( ) NO 2 SO 2, NO 2 SO 2 7 NO 2 SO 2, T NO 2 SO 2,, NO 2 SO 2 7 NO 2 ( a) SO 2 ( b) Fig. 7 D iurnal variations of ( a) SO 2 and ( b) NO 2 concentrations during w eekend and w eekdays 3 (1) NO x SO 2, ;, SO 2, NO x (2) NO x,, 09: 00, 18: 00 ;, 07: 00 SO 2, 06: 00, 14: 00 16: 00, (3) NO 2, NO 2, NO 2 (GB ) SO 2,,, SO 2 : [ 1 ],,,. SO 2, NO x [ J ]., 2002, 22 (2) : [ 2 ] L i Y F. D istribution of seasonal SO 2 em issions from fuel com bus2 tion and industrial activities in Shanxi p rovince, China, w ith 1 /6 1 /4 longitude / latitude resolution [ J ]. A tm ospheric Environ2 m ent, 1999, 33 (2) : [ 3 ],. NO 2 [ J ]., 2006, 26 (2) : [ 4 ] Kato N, A kim oto H. A nthropogenic em issions of SO 2 and NO x in A sia: em ission inventories [ J ]. A tm ospheric Environm ent, 1992, 26A ( 16) : [ 5 ],,,.. [ J ]., 1997, 21 (3) : [ 6 ],,,. [ J ]., 2003, 26 (2) : [ 7 ],,,. [ J ]., 2004, 27 (2) : [ 8 ],,. SO 2 [ J ]., 2003, 26 (1) : [ 9 ],,,. [ J ]., 2006, 29 (6) : [ 10 ],,. SO 2,

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