Remote Sensing for Sea Surface Monitoring. Cristina Bentz PETROBRAS R&D Center Environment Assessment and Monitoring
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1 Remote Sensing for Sea Surface Monitoring Cristina Bentz PETROBRAS R&D Center Environment Assessment and Monitoring
2 Overview Introduction Orbital sea surface monitoring: Scope and benefits Satellite Data Pollution and meteo-oceanographic examples Improvements Final considerations
3 Multi-platforms System Far Range Systematic Monitoring Orbital Detection Airborne Near Range - On Demand Detailing, Validation IR/UV-LS MWR Support Response Actions Sampling, Analysis In Situ
4 Sea Surface Monitoring - Repeatability (Spatial and Temporal) - Sinoptic View - NRT Delivery Mosaico OrbiSAR-1 Banda X (VV) 3-4 hs km 2 9 linhas ENVISAT/ASAR Banda C (VV) 8 min km 2 9 bacias
5 Sea Surface Monitoring Objective: Early detection of pollution and meteo-oceanographic phenomena on the sea surface. Detection Contingency Actions
6 Scope & Benefits Support in case of accidental spill; Routine monitoring of illegal discharges; Detection of natural oil seeps and pollution hot spots ; 24/7 Operation Souce of meteo-oceanographic information; Development of statistics and customized algorithms image analysis, ancillary data integration.
7 Sea Surface Monitoring RADARSAT-2 COSMO-SKYMED VIS/NIR SENSORS MODIS, CBERS Geochemical Analysis
8 RADAR Oil Detection Fresnel Scattering Bragg Scattering Double Reflection Specular Reflection Diffuse Reflection RIG OIL OCEAN WATERS The presence of oil dampens the capillary waves generating low backscatter regions. Other surface phenomena can also produce regions of low radar backscatter. The interpretation of oceanic SAR signatures is not trivial since more than one process can operate concurrently and different phenomena produce similar backscattering signal.
9 Not quite as simple as it looks, wave damping has many possible origins... Key to Differentiate Low Backscatter Events: Location, Size, Morphology, Flow Direction, Context OIL - Pollution Slicks (illegal ship dumping, etc.) - Natural Oil Seeps - Runoff Water METEO-OCEANOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA - Natural Film Slicks formed by biogenic material (plankton, algal blooms) - Upwelling, - Algae Bloom, - Low Wind, - Rain Cells, etc.
10 Guanabara Bay Spill RADARSAT-1 Image Jan, LANDSAT-5/TM 123 Jan, Thinner oil Thicker oil
11 Ship Dumping SHIP
12 Natural OIL SEEPS SEEPS - Repeating emission points is the key differentiator
13 Natural Film Slicks µm layers of proteins, lipids, organic acids, and metals associated with organic matter. Detected at low wind speeds
14 Biogenic Oil 04/07/ :42 04/07/ :42 Photo: E&P-Serv/US-AP/CPRA
15 Oil Detectability: RADAR x VIS/NIR RADARSAT-2 11/11/ :12 MODIS 12/11/ :30 v= 7 m/s VIS/NIR - Increased sensitivity for the detection of very thin films, iridescent (0.1 to 2 µm) or naked eye invisible (10-50 nm).
16 RADARSAT-1 Asc April 3, :11 GMT AVHRR - SST 21:09 GMT SeaWiFS Clorophill a 14:09 GMT Ship release Upwelling Algae bloom QuikSCAT Wind 20:30 GMT Low wind
17 In Situ Validation Thickness Estimation -> Volume Algae Bloom Cyanobacteria
18 Integration with Oil Drift Models: Hindcasting and Forecasting Genovez et al. (2008)
19 Improvement Airborne Multisensor SLAR MWR IR/UV-LS IALFS In Situ Sensors Infrared - thermal X- Band RADAR
20 Final Considerations The integrated analysis of remote sensing and oil drift models data presents an important decision tool for contingency actions. Long-term satellite monitoring allows the elaboration of more reliable environmental assesment studies and contingency plans.
21 Thank You Cristina Bentz R&D Center Energy and Sustainable Development Environment Assessment and Monitoring
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