3 اللغة االنكليزية. 2- Example: gravity keeps us from floating off the ground.

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1 3 اللغة االنكليزية اميان : دكتورة املادة our solar system: عنوان احملاضرة االوىل : احملاضرة : ر اى حبضسة ظ دزض ف أ ال بن أصدقبئ : احملتوى العلمي. مي بث ر اى حبضسة ص اظئيت ع عب ظ دزض ف -1 ر اىع ت ى تن طببقت ى حبضساث اىع اث ا اى حبضساث ف اى -2. س دزظت اى قسز ظسا ىت غ, اىعببقت Let's start :) Vocabulary: فسداث اىيغت Read the definitions and the example sentences: ) مي بث اى طقت - (اى حت Content- Area words: 1- Gravity: the force that pulls objects toward a star or planet, such as Earth. 2- Example: gravity keeps us from floating off the ground. 3-Universe: everything that exists in space, including stars and planets. 4-Example: the planets, the moon, and the stars are all part of the universe. 5-Astronomers: people who study the science of the planets and stars. 1 Maths_WhatsApp : Facebook_Page : IOM F.B Group :2017 طالب كلية العلوم قسم الرياضيات

2 6 -Example: the astronomers discovered new stars after studying the sky for years. 7-Fusion: the process of using great heat to combine elements. 8- Example: An experiment that uses fusion will create great energy. 9-Glowing : shining; letting off light and sometimes heat. 10-Example: A little glowing lamp was the only light in the room. اىتسخ ت: اىدبذب ت: ا م ح ا ت تغست ا ىبئ س د أ و وت ث األسض ثبه: ت ؼ ب ا دبرث ١ خ ا ؼ ػ األسض. و ب اىن : خ د ف ا فعبء ث ب ف ر ه ا د, ا ى اوت ثبه: ا ى اوت,ا م ش, ا د و ب خضء ا ى. 5- عي بء اىفيل : ا بط ا ز ٠ ٠ ذسع ػ ا ى اوت ا د. 6- ثبه: اوتشف ػ بء ا ف ه د ب خذ ٠ ذح ثؼذ دساعخ ا غ بء غ اد. 7- ا ص بز: ػ ١ خ اعتخذا ا سشاسح وج ١ شح ذ ح ا ؼ بصش. 8- ثبه: فإ ا تدشثخ ا ت تغتخذ اال ص بس خ ك غبلخ وج ١ شح. 9- ت ح: عبغغ,ا غ بذ ع ء ا سشاسح ف ثؼط األز ١ ب. ثبه: صجبذ ل ١ ا ت ح وب ا ع ء ا ز ١ ذ ف ا غشفخ. -11 Academic English: 2

3 11- comprises: is made of or includes. 12- Example: A milkshake comprises milk, ice cream,and sometimes chocolate syrup. 13-survive: to remain alive. 14- Example: the lost campers were able to survive until they were rescued. in the cold weather 11- تأىف : ص ع ا ٠ تع ثبه: ٠ تى خف ق ا س ١ ت ا س ١ ت, ث دبد, از ١ ب ب ششاة ا ش و ال. ف 13 - د : أ تجم ػ ل ١ ذ ا س ١ بح. 14- ثبه: ت ى ا خ ١ ا فم د ا جمبء ػ ل ١ ذ ا س ١ بح ف ا طمظ ا جبسد زت ت ا مبر. The text: our solar system : A solar system is made up of a star, the planets that orbit (or circle) it, and everything else that is held in by the gravity of the star. Our solar system is made up of the sun, the planets, and millions of smaller objects. Such as asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. Our solar system is one of many solar systems in the universe. Astronomers have found at least fifty other solar systems so far. The sun comprises only gases. Gas, such as air, is matter that has no shape. The middle, or core, of the sun contains hydrogen gas, which comes from the chemical hydrogen. Hydrogen goes through fusion to make a different 3

4 kind of gas, called helium. Fusion gives off heat and light energy, this energy is so powerful that the core of the sun has a temperature of about 15 million degrees Celsius(27 million degrees Fahrenheit ). Everything that lives on Earth needs the heat and light of the sun in order to survive. In our solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are the inner planets. They are the closest planets to the sun. they are a group of rocky planets. The inner planets are surrounded, or circled, by a large ring of asteroids, called an asteroid belt. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are the outer planets. They are farther away from the sun. they probably do not have solid surfaces. They have thick outer layers of gas. Thin rings of dust, rock, and ice surround each of the outer planets. Most of the planets have at least one moon. Pluto is the planet farthest from the sun. Pluto is a tiny, solid planet with a strange orbit. The path it makes around the sun is not like the paths of the other planets. Most astronomers do not think of Pluto as a very important planet. Many smaller objects orbit the sun. Asteroids are the largest of these objects. Most astronomers are found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. The largest Known asteroid, Ceres, is about 925 kilometers (575 miles) across. Comets are made of ice and rock. Comets come from the coldest parts of our solar system. Objects in this part of the solar system are sometimes pushed into new orbit. As a comet gets close to the sun, the ice in its core turns to gas. It leaves a trail of glowing dust and gases behind it, called a tail. 4

5 The other objects in our solar system break off from asteroid,comets, and moons. These broken chunks of rock and metal are called meteoroids. Sometimes one of these space rocks lands on Earth. When this happens, it reminds us that there are other objects in our solar system. تسخ ت اى ص : ظب ب اىش ع : ظب ا طمظ ٠ تى و اوت ا د ا ت تذ س, ر ه و ش ء آخش ا ز ٠ مب ف خط سح ا د. ٠ تى ظب ب ا ش غ ا ش ظ ا ى اوت ا ال ١٠ االخغب ا صغ ١ شح ث ا زثزثبد ا ى ٠ ىجبد ا ١ بصن. ظب ب ا ش غ ازذ ا ؼذ ٠ ذ ا ظب ا ش غ ف ػ بء ا ف ه ا ى خذد بال ٠ م ػ خ غ ١ ظب ش غ اخش زت اال. ا ش ظ تتى ا غبصاد ث ا اء, ا غأ خ ا ت ١ ظ ب شى. عػ ا خ ش ا ش ظ ٠ ست ػ غبص ا ١ ذس خ ١ ا ت تأت ا ١ ذس خ ١ ا ى ١ ١ بئ ١ خ, ا ١ ذس خ ١ ٠ ز ت خالي اال ص بس دؼ ع خت ف ا غبص, ٠ ذػ ا ١ ١. اال ص بس ٠ ؼط لجب خ ا سشاسح ا طبلخ ا خف ١ فخ. ز ا طبلخ ل ٠ خ خذا خ ش ا ش ظ ذ ٠ دسخخ زشاسح ز ا ١ 15 دسخخ ئ ٠ خ. و ب ٠ ؼ ١ ش ػ األسض ٠ ستبج زشاسح ظ ء ا ش ظ أخ ا جمبء ػ ل ١ ذ ا س ١ بح. ف ظب ب ا ش غ ا ضئجك ف ١ ط األسض ا ش ٠ خ ا ى اوت ا ذاخ ١ خ زت الشة ا ى اوت ا ا ش ظ ف د ػخ ا ى اوت ا صخش ٠ خ تس ١ ػ ا ى اوت ا ذاخ ١ خ ا سبغخ ثذائشح ز مخ وج ١ شح ا ى ٠ ىجبد تذػ زضا ا ى ٠ ىجبد. و وت ا شتش, صز, ا سا ط جت ا ى اوت ا خبسخ ١ خ زت اثؼذ ا ش ظ فإ ب سث ب ال ت ه األعطر ا ص جخ ا ت ذ ٠ ب غجمبد خبسخ ١ خ ع ١ ىخ ا غبص, ز مبد سل ١ مخ ا صخ س ا غجبس ا د ١ ذ تس ١ ػ و ا ى اوت ا خبسخ ١ خ ؼظ ا ى اوت ذ ٠ ب ل ش ازذ ػ األل. ث ت ا ى وت االثؼذ ثب غجخ ش ظ. ث ت ص ت صغ ١ ش ا ى وت غ ذاس غش ٠ ت, ا طش ٠ ك ا ز ٠ دؼ ز ي ا ش ظ ١ ظ ث غبساد ا ى اوت األخش. ؼظ ػ بء ا ف ه ال ٠ فىش ف ث ت ثبػتجبس ب خ خذا ى وت وث ١ ش االخغب أصغش ذاس ا ش ظ. ا ى ٠ ىجبد اوجش ز ا ىبئ بد, خذد ؼظ ا ى ٠ ىجبد ف زضا ا ى ٠ ىجبد ث ١ ا ش ٠ خ ا شتش اوجش و ٠ ىت ا ؼش ف ع ١ ش ٠ ظ ز ا 925 و ١ تش ػجش ا زثزثبد ص ػخ ا د ١ ذ ا صخ س تأت اثشد خضء ظب ب ا ش غ, فإ االخغب ا خ دح ف زا ا دضء ا ظب ا ش غ تذفغ أز ١ ب ب ا ذاساد خذ ٠ ذح. و ب ا زثزة ٠ سص ػ مشثخ ا ش ظ, ا د ١ ذ ف خ ش ب ٠ تس ي ا غبص ٠ تسشن ع خ ا غجبس ا غبصاد ت دخ ساء ر ه ٠ ذػ ر ٠. 5

6 االش ١ بء األخش ف ظب ب ا ش غ ا مطبع ا ى ٠ ىجبد ا م ش, ز ا مطغ ا ىغ سح ا صخ س ا ؼبد تغ ١ بصن أز ١ ب ب ا ٠ ز ا صخ س ا فعبء األساظ ػ األسض, ػ ذ ب ٠ سذث زا ٠ زوش ب ا بن أش ١ بء أخش ظب ب ا ش غ. Mark box a,b, or c with an X before the choice that best completes each sentence. Recalling Facts 1-Jupiter is a : 4- A solid planet with a strange orbit around the sun is: a-moon. b-planet with a thick outer layer of a-pluto. b-uranus. gas. c-rocky planet that is close to the c- a solar system. sun. 2-The star at the center of our solar system is: 5- we call a star, along with the planets and smaller objects that orbit it, a-pluto. b-ceres. a-a comet. b-helium gas. 6

7 c-the sun. c-a solar system. 3 -Meteoroids are: a-stars. b-liquid planets. c-pieces of rock and metal. اىتسخ ت: 4- م مب صيب ع داز غس ب ح ه اىش ط : أ- ث ت. ة-ا سا ط. ج- جت. -1 م مب اى شتس : ة-ا م ش. د- و وت غ غجمخ خبسخ ١ خ ع ١ ىخ ا غبص. ج- و وت صخش ا ز لش ٠ ت ا ش ظ. 2- اى د ف سمص اى ظب اىش ع : ة-ث ت. د-ع ١ ش ٠ ظ. 5- دع د خ بب اى خ ب ع اىن امب االخعب اىصغ سة اىت تد ز ح ى ب: أ- ز ت. ة-غبص ١ ١. ج- ظب ش غ. ج- ا ش ظ. -3 اى بشك : ا د. أ- ة-ا ى اوت ا غبئ خ. ج- لطغ ا صخ س ا ؼبد. 7

8 : Ideas Understanding )أفنبز د شت( 1-Astronomers do not group Pluto with the other planets because it is: a-a star. b-close to the sun. c-very different from the other planets. 2-At the very center of a solar system is a: a-star. b-comet. c-planet. 3-From the article, you can conclude that all large and small objects in a solar system orbit: a-a star. b-a moon. c-the largest planet. 4- you can also conclude that as a comet moves away from the sun, a-it collides with a planet. b-it leaves the solar system. c-its gases change back to ice. اىتسخ ت: -1 أ- 3- ر اى بدة ن ل اظت تبج ا خ ع اىنبئ بث اىنب سة اىصغ سة ف داز اى ظب اىش ع : د. ة-ل ش. ث-اوجش و وت. اىفين ال د ع بي ت ع اىن امب األخس أل : أ- د. د-ثب مشة ا ش ظ. ث- خت ف خذا ػ ا ى اوت األخش. ن ل أ ضب اظت تبج ا ع د ب تحسك 2- ف قيب اى ظب اىش ع : اى ر ب بع دا ع اىش ط فإ : -4 8

9 أ- ٠ صطذ غ ا ى اوت. ة- ٠ تسشن ا ظب ا ش غ. ث-ا غبصاد تتغ ١ ش شح أخش ا ا د ١ ذ. أ- د. ة- ز ت. ث-و وت. 1-Recognizing Words in context Find the word solid in the article. One definition below is closest to the meaning of that word. One definition has the opposite or nearly the opposite meaning. The remaining definition has a meaning that has nothing to do with the other two words. Label the definitions C for closest, O for opposite or nearly opposite, and U for unrelated. O a) hollow. C b) filled. U c) round. 2-Distinguishing Fact from opinion. Two of the statements below present facts, which can be proved. The other statement is an opinion, which expresses someone's thoughts or beliefs. Label the statements F for fact and O for opinion. F a) Pluto is the planet farthest from the sun. O b) Astronomers like to study Venus more than Mars. F c) Sometimes meteoroids land on Earth. 3-Making correct inferences. Two of the statements below are correct inferences, or reasonable guesses, that are based on information in the article. The other statement 9

10 is an incorrect, or faulty inference. Label the statements C for correct inference and I for incorrect inference. C alive. C I a) plants, animals, and people on Earth need b) Pluto is probably the darkest, coldest planet. c) comets are dangerous to life on Earth. 4- Understanding Main ideas. the sun to stay One of the statements below expresses the main idea of the article. Another statement is too general, or too broad. The other explains only part of the article ; it is too narrow. Label the statements M for main idea, B for too broad, and N for too narrow. N a) Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are rocky planets, and they are closest to the sun. B b) There are many solar systems in the universe,and ours is one of them. M c) Our solar system is made up of the sun, as well as the planets, asteroids, comets,and meteoroids that orbit it. اىتسخ ت: 1- االعتساف ببىني ت ف اىع بق: اػثش ػ ا ى خ ا ص جخ ف ز ا بدح, أ ا تؼش ٠ ف األلشة ا ؼ ز ا ى خ, تؼش ٠ ف ازذ ػىظ ا ا ؼىظ تمش ٠ جب.فإ ا تؼش ٠ ف ا تجم ؼ الػاللخ ثب ى ت ١ االخش ١٠. تغ ١ خ ا تؼش ٠ فبد C اللشة, O مبث ا ػىظ ر ه تمش ٠ جب, U الػاللخ ب. 10

11 O أ( اخ ف. C ة( ت ئ. U ج( غتذ ٠ ش- وش. 2- حق قت ت صة اىسأ : ٠ ؼشض اث ب ا ج ١ ب بد ا اسدح أد ب زمبئك ٠ ى اثجبت ب. ا ج ١ ب االخش ا شأ ا ز ٠ ؼجش ػ أفىبس شخص ب أ ؼتمذات. تغ ١ خ ا ج ١ ب بد F سم ١ مخ O شأ. أ( ث ت ا ى وت االثؼذ ػ ا ش ظ. ة( ا ف ى ١ ٠ شغج ثذساعخ ف ١ ط أوثش ا ش ٠ خ. ج( أز ١ ب ب ١ بصن األسض ػ األسض. F O F 3- خعو االظتدالالث اىصح حت: اث ب ا ؼجبساد اد ب اعت تبخبد صس ١ سخ C غ ١ ش ب غ ١ ش صس ١ سخ I أ( ا جبتبد, ا س ١ ا بد ا بط ػ األسض تستبج ش ظ جمبء ػ ل ١ ذ ا س ١ بح. ة( ث ت ػ األسخر ظ, اثشد و وت. ج( ا ز جبد خط ١ شح ػ ا س ١ بح ػ األسض. C C I, ف األفنبز اىسئ ع ت: تؼجش ازذ ا ؼجبساد ا اسدح ػ : ا فىشح ا شئ ١ غ ١ خ, M ا فىشح ا اعؼخ B -4 فىشح فشػ ١ خ N أ( ا ضئجك, ا ض شح, األسض,ا ش ٠ خ و اوت صخش ٠ خ ا ب األلشة ا ا ش ظ. ة( ب ه ا ؼذ ٠ ذ اال ظ خ ا ش غ ١ خ ف ا ى, ظب ب ازذ. N B M ز. ج( ٠ تى ظب ب ا ش غ ا ش ظ, فعال ػ ا ى اوت ا ى ٠ ىجبد ا ز جبد ا ١ بصن ا ت تذ س 11

12 : vocabulary ( Expanding ت ع ١ غ ا فشداد( Cross out one word or phrase in each row that is not related to the word in dark type. 1-gravity اىدبذب ت Pull خزة Force فشض Downward ض ال Float تطف 2-universe اىن Empty فبسغخ Everything و ش ء Earth االسض Space ا فعبء 3-astronomers عي بء اىفيل Water ا بء Stars ا د Scientists ا ؼ بء Planets و اوت 4-fusion ا ص بز Atoms رساد Hot ا سبس Separate فص Energy غبلخ 5-glowing ت ح Shining عبغغ Bright ششق Dark ظ Comet اى ر ب انتهت احملاضرة إعداد: وفاء الشيخ سامل والء األخضر 12