4 A(n) is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

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1 Name Vocabulary Fill in the blank with the term that best completes the sentence., 6.11B 1 is the process in which energy is released as the nuclei of small atoms combine to form a larger nucleus., 6.11B 2 The solar system formed from a, which is a rotating cloud of gas and dust. 3 Earth, Venus, Mars, and Mercury are, which are very dense planets nearest the sun. 4 A(n) is a small, rocky object that orbits the sun; many of these objects are located in a band between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 5 The sun, all of the planets that orbit the sun, and other bodies orbiting around the sun make up the. Key Concepts Choose the letter of the best answer. 6 A satellite took x-ray pictures of a solar flare. How did the solar flare most likely appear on the x-ray pictures? (Hint: Step 1. Recall what a solar flare is. Step 2: Based on the characteristics of a solar flare, determine what it might look like on an x-ray picture.) A as a dark spot B as a swirl of red flames C as an orange glow D as an area of bright white light Unit 8 The Solar System

2 continued, 6.3B 7 The diagram below shows the different layers of the sun. The sun can be divided into six layers that are different from each other based on certain characteristics, such as temperature and composition. Q T R W S X Which layer of the sun is represented by the letter T? A chromosphere B corona C photosphere D radiative zone, 6.11B 8 What does Kepler s first law of planetary motion state? A The orbit of a planet around the sun is an ellipse with the sun at one focus. B The orbit of a planet is dependent on heat. C Centripetal force and elliptical force are different. D The orbital period of a planet is infinite. 156 Unit 8 The Solar System 544 Unit 8 The Solar System

3 , 6.11B, 6.3B Name 9 Venus and Earth have similar surface gravities. Mercury and Mars also have similar surface gravities, even though Mercury is much smaller. Density is related to the force of gravity. The figure shows the densities of the four planets. Mercury Venus Earth Mars 5.42 g/cm g/cm g/cm g/cm 3 Which of these statements explains the similar surface gravities on Mars and Mercury? (Hint: Step 1. Compare the densities of Mercury and Mars. Step 2. Relate the densities to the surface gravity of the planets.) A Mars is denser than Mercury. B Mars is smaller than Mercury. C Mars is less dense than Mercury. D Mars is less rocky than Mercury., 6.2E, 6.3A 10 The table gives information about the terrestrial planets. Planet Surface temperature (range in C) Atmospheric pressure (kg/cm 3 ) Earth 89 to 58 1 Mars 133 to Mercury 183 to Venus 467 (average temp.) 90 How does atmospheric pressure appear to relate to surface temperatures on these planets? (Hint: Step 1. Decide which planets have higher pressures and which have lower pressures. Step 2. Determine what the temperature variation is like for the planets with lower pressures and the planets with higher pressures.) A There is no temperature variation for planets with lower pressures. B There is the least temperature variation for planets with lower pressures. C There is the least temperature variation for planets with higher pressures. D There is the most temperature variation for planets with higher pressures. Unit 8 The Solar System

4 continued 11 Earth, Mercury, and Venus are all classified as terrestrial planets. When compared to Earth, which of the following is true of Mercury and Venus? A Mercury and Venus have a higher surface gravity than Earth. B Mercury and Venus have a longer period of revolution than Earth. C Mercury and Venus have slower periods of rotation (longer days) than Earth. D Mercury and Venus are farther away from the sun than Earth. 12 Which of the following statements correctly describes the location and movement of the Gallilean moons? A The Gallilean moons orbit Jupter. B The Gallilean moons orbit Saturn. C The Gallilean moons orbit Uranus. D The Gallilean moons orbit Neptune. 13 Which of the following is a list of the gas giant planets? A Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune B Earth, Mars, and Venus C Pluto, Saturn, and Jupiter D Earth, Jupiter, Neptune, and Saturn Unit Unit 8 The 8 The Solar Solar System System

5 6.3D, Name 14 This diagram illustrates a historical model of the solar system. Planet Cycle Earth Which type of model is shown? A geocentric model B heliocentric model C Copernican model D Aristarchan model Gridded Response Write your answer in the boxes, then bubble in the corresponding number in the grid below., 6.2E, 6.3A 15 The table shows surface temperatures and atmospheric pressures for the terrestrial planets. Planet Surface temperature (range in C) Atmospheric pressure (kg/cm 3 ) Earth 89 to 58 1 Mars 133 to Mercury 183 to Venus 467 (average temp.) 90 What is the difference in degrees Celsius between the highest temperatures on Earth and Mercury? Unit 8 The Solar System

6 continued Critical Thinking Answer the following questions in the space provided. 16 Name three characteristics of gas giants that make them different from terrestrial planets. 17 Explain the difference between a meteoroid, a meteor, and a meteorite. Which one would you most likely see on the surface of Earth? Connect ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Lessons 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 Answer the following question in the space provided.., 6.11B 18 What force controls motion in our solar system? How does this force affect the way the sun produces energy and the way planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and meteoroids move? Unit Unit 8 The 8 Solar The Solar System System