Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) Winters Excelsior s Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket over Loam

Transcription

1 Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) of Winters Excelsior s Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket over Loam June 2014 Submitted to: AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Attn: Russell Dabbs, NTPEP rdabbs@aashto.org Submitted by: TRI/Environmental, Inc Bee Caves Road Austin, TX C. Joel Sprague Project Manager

2 June 30, 2014 Mr. Russell Dabbs AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Subject: Large-scale Slope Testing over Loam of Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, manufactured in Hutchinson, KS Dear Mr. Dabbs: This letter report presents the results for large-scale slope erosion tests performed on Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, rolled erosion control product (RECP), over loam. Included are data developed for target rainfall intensities from 2 to 6 in/hr (5 to 15 cm/hr). All testing work was performed in general accordance with the ASTM D 6459, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion. Generated results were used to develop the following general cover factor (C-Factor) for the tested material: C-Factor Straw Bio & 1.7 staples/sy = for cumulative R-Factor < 162; Eqn: C = R TRI is pleased to present this final report. Please feel free to call if we can answer any questions or provide any additional information. Sincerely, C. Joel Sprague, P.E. Senior Engineer Geosynthetics Services Division Cc: Sam Allen, Jarrett Nelson, Jay Sprague - TRI

3 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, SLOPE TESTING REPORT Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES Overview of Test and Apparatus TRI/Environmental, Inc.'s (TRI's) large-scale slope erosion testing facility is located at the Denver Downs Research Farm in Anderson, SC. Testing oversight is provided by C. Joel Sprague, P.E. The large-scale testing reported herein was performed in accordance with ASTM D 6459, on 3:1 slopes using loamy soil test plots measuring 40 ft long x 8 ft wide. The simulated rainfall was produced by ten rain trees arranged around the perimeter of each test slope. Each rain tree has four sprinkler heads atop a 15 ft riser pipe. The rainfall system has been calibrated prior to testing to determine the number of sprinkler heads and associated pressure settings necessary to achieve target rainfall intensities and drop sizes. The target rainfall intensities are 2, 4, and 6 in/hr and are applied in sequence for 20 minutes each. Three replicate test slopes covered by the same rolled erosion control product (RECP) submitted were tested. The erosion resistance provided by the product tested is obtained by comparing the protected slope results to control (bare soil) results. Tables and graphs of rainfall versus soil loss are generated from the accumulated data. Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) The following information and index properties were determined from the supplied products. Table 1. Tested Product Information & Index Properties Product Information and Index Property / Test Units Sampled Product Product Identification - Straw Bio Manufacturer - Winters Excelsior Manufacturing Plant Location - Hutchinson, KS Lot number of sample - - Fiber - 100% Straw Netting Openings in 0.5 x 0.5 (approx) Stitching Spacing in (approx) Tensile Strength MD x XD (ASTM D 6818)* lb/in 11.5 x 13.3 Tensile Elongation MD x XD (ASTM D 6818)* % 14.5 x 13.6 Thickness (ASTM D 6525)* mils 336 Light Penetration (ASTM D 6567)* % cover 90.8 % Wt Water Absorption (ASTM D 1117 & ECTC-TASC 00197)* Change 366 Mass / Unit Area (ASTM D 6475)* oz/sy 9.43 * Values from Independent Testing of Randomly Sampled Product

4 Test Soil Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, The test soil used in the test plots had the following characteristics. Table 2. TRI-Loam Characteristics Soil Characteristic Test Method Value % Gravel 0 % Sand 45 ASTM D 422 % Silt 35 % Clay 20 Liquid Limit, % 41 ASTM D 4318 Plasticity Index, % 8 Soil Classification USDA Loam Soil Classification USCS Sandy silty clay (ML-CL) K-Factor D Preparation of the Test Slopes The initial slope soil veneer (12-inch thick minimum) is placed and compacted. Compaction is verified to be 90% (± 3%) of Proctor Standard density using ASTM D 2937 (drive-cylinder method). Subsequently, the test slopes undergo a standard preparation procedure prior to each slope test. First, any rills or depressions resulting from previous testing are filled in with test soil and subject to heavy compaction. The entire test plot is then tilled to a depth not less than four inches. The test slope is then raked to create a slope that is smooth both side-to-side and top-to-bottom. Finally, a steel drum roller is rolled down-and-up the slope 3 times proceeding from one side of the plot to the other. The submitted erosion control product is then installed as directed by the client. Installation of Erosion Control Product on Test Slopes As noted, the submitted erosion control product was installed as directed by the client. For the tests reported herein, the RECP was anchored with 6-inch staples at 1.7 staples per square yard. Specific Test Procedure Immediately prior to testing, rain gauges are placed at the quarter points (i.e. 10, 20, 30 ft) on the slope. The slope is then exposed to sequential 20-minute rainfalls having target intensities of 2, 4, and 6 inches per hour. All runoff is collected during the testing. Additionally, periodic sediment concentration grab samples are taken and runoff rate measurements are made. Between rainfall intensities, the rainfall is stopped and rainfall depth is read in the three rain gauges, valves are adjusted to facilitate the subsequent rainfall intensity, and empty collection vessels are positioned to collect subsequent runoff. After allowing for sediments to settle, water is decanted from the collected runoff. The remaining solids are used to determine bulk soil loss. Bulk soil loss is measured by drying all collected sediments.

5 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 2. Typical Sampling Figure 1. Rainfall Testing Facility (set up for a control run) Figure 3. Typical Control Result Pictures of slopes prepared for testing are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Typical Prepared Soil Slope & RECP Installation Pictures of the eroded slopes are shown in Figures 5 thru 7.

6 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 5a. Test Slope #1 Start of the 2 in/hr Event Figure 5b. Test Slope #1 End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 5c. Test Slope #1 End of 6 in/hr Even Figure 5d. Test Slope #1 RECP Removed Figure 6a. Test Slope #2 Start of the 2 in/hr Event Figure 6b. Test Slope #2 End of the 4 in/hr Event

7 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Figure 6c. Test Slope #2 End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 6d. Test Slope #2 RECP Removed Figure 7a. Test Slope #3 Start of 2 in/hr Event Figure 7b. Test Slope #3 End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 7c. Test Slope #3 End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 7d. Test Slope #3 RECP Removed

8 TEST RESULTS Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, The Cover Management (C) Factor from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) of the USDA-ARS Agricultural handbook 703 is the reported performance measure for slopes determined from this testing. The C-Factor and R-Factor reported herein are related through RUSLE by the following relationship: A = R x K x LS x C x P where: A = the computed soil loss in tons per acre (measured/calculated from test); R = the rainfall erosion index (measured/calculated from test); K = the erodibility of the soil (calculated from test see Figure 9); LS = the topographic factor (2.78 for 8 x 40 ft slope); C = the cover factor = ratio of protect soil loss to control soil loss (1.0 for control); and P = the practice factor (1.0 for all test slopes). Total soil loss and the associated rainfall depth measured during the testing are the principle data used to determine the C Factor. The cumulative C-Factors shown in Table 3 are the ratio of the soil loss from the protected condition at a calculated cumulative R-Factor divided by the cumulative soil loss from the control plot (Figure 9) at that same R-Factor. In all cases, the soil loss and associated rainfall data for both protected and control conditions are used to develop a normalized cumulative graph of R-Factor versus C-Factor (R factor = total kinetic energy of the storm (E) times its maximum 30-minute Intensity (I)). The maximum average normalized cumulative R-Factor calculated for the target test events: 2 in/hr for 20 minutes + 4 in/hr for 20 minutes + 6 in/hr for 20 minutes, is R = 231 assuming all raindrops achieve terminal velocity. Since this is not the case, the R-Factor must be scaled to reflect the kinetic energy associated with the actual velocity achieved by each size of raindrop. For the tests reported herein, the C-Factor associated with this scaled R-Factor of 162 is the reported performance value. This facilitates product-to-product comparison of test results at a common point of the storm event. Graphs of R-Factor versus C-Factor for the protected condition and Soil Loss versus R-Factor for the control condition are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Figure 8 includes the best regression line fit to the test data to facilitate the determination of the C-factor. Figure 8 additionally allows users of this report to evaluate performance at other points in the model storm by selecting the R factor (and the corresponding C Factor) that may fit local conditions. According to the test procedure ASTM D6459, a test may be stopped in the event of catastrophic soil loss, as determined by the lab. AASHTO NTPEP ECP Panel has determined this practice places an undue amount of subjectivity into the test. In lieu of stopping the test, the test is run to completion. The runoff and sediment loss just prior to catastrophic failure is separated from that occurring after. This additional point is used in the creating of the Soil Loss verses R Factor Graph. The tests reported herein did not experience catastrophic slope failure. Linear (R 2 =0.67), power (R 2 = 0.88), and polynomial (R 2 = 0.70) fits were the best fits evaluated. The overall C-Factor information shown in Table 4 is derived from Figure 8 which relates the C- Factors and associated R-Factors given in Table 3.

9 C-Factor Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Table 3. Summary Data Table Protected Slopes Slope # & Product 1 Straw Bio 2 Straw Bio 3 Straw Bio Test # (run # - target intensity) Intensity (in/hr) Runoff (gallons) Cumm. R-Factor Cumm. Soil Soil Loss Loss (lbs/plot/event) (Tons/Acre) Control Soil Loss at Cumm. R- Factor (Tons/Acre) Cumm. C-Factor Table 4. Overall C-Factor Product C-Factor Calculation Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket & 1.7 staples/sy C = R C-Factor vs. R-Factor (Straw 1.7 staples/sy on TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope) C-Factor = for R-Factor = 162 All Slopes - SCALED Power (All Slopes - SCALED) "SCALED" FOR K.E.: The cummulative R-Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 162 and the associated C-Factor is determined from the bestfit regression eqn. C = R R² = R-Factor Figure 8. R-Factor vs. C-Factor Tested Product

10 Soil Loss (T/A) Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, Soil Loss vs RUSLE R (Control Testing of TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope; : 40 tests) From RUSLE: A = R K LS C P For Control: LS = 2.78; P = 1.0; C = 1.0 K = (A/R) / 2.78 = m / 2.78 K = / 2.78 = y = x R² = 1 RUSLE R (US Customary Units) y = x R² = If Terminal Velocity Achieved: The cummulative R-Factor vs. Soil Loss is initially plotted as though terminal velocity of the raindrops is achieved. This produces an R = 231 and the associated soil loss is 55.5 tons/acre Scaled Because Terminal Velocity Not Achieved: The cummulative R-Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = and the associated soil loss is 55.5 tons/acre Figure 9. R-Factor vs. Soil Loss Control Tests

11 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2014 Appendix APPENDIX A RECORDED DATA Test Record Sheets Sediment Concentration Data Runoff Data Soil Moisture Content Soil Loss Tables

12 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 8:35 AM End Rain: 8:55 AM 1 8:38 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 8:36 AM 2 8:41 X Rain Time: Test Time: :44 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 8:47 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 8:50 X TOP OF SLOPE w c1 = 18.5% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = 18 mm 8 x X x x psi. i = 2.13 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 6 8:53 X A 10 x 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 x x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 x x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x x 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time gal, sec X x x H P = 9 psi x x X x P = 9 psi I x X x X J P = 9 psi x d = 17 mm 9 X 7 X 8 i = in/hr Temp. 78 deg 10 w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 74 % 11 d = 17 in 10 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 0.68 in. 13 w c2 = 18.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.05 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 10 gal collected

13 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 9:02 AM End Rain: 9:22 AM 1 9:04 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 9:23 AM 2 9:06 X Rain Time: Test Time: :08 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 9:10 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 9:12 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 9:14 X w c1 = 18.5% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 9:16 X Set system pressure to 16 d = 34 mm 8 X9:18 X x x X psi. i = 4.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 9:20 X A 10 9:22 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 X x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time gal, sec X x X H P = 9 psi x x X X P = 9 psi I X X x X J P = 9 psi X d = 34 mm i = 4.02 in/hr Temp. 78 deg 10 w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 79 % 11 d = 34 mm 10 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: 1.34 in. 13 w c2 = 18.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.02 in/hr 14 X X Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 105 gal collected

14 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 9:28 AM End Rain: 9:48 AM 1 9:30 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 9:50 AM 2 9:32 X Rain Time: Test Time: :34 X Product: Roll #: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 9:36 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 9:38 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 9:40 X w c1 = 18.5% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 9:42 X Set system pressure to 16 d = 53 mm 8 X9:44 X X x X psi. i = 6.26 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 9:46 X A 10 9:48 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 X X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 X X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X d = 51 mm X X i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 77 deg w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 79 % 11 d = 50 mm 10 i = 5.91 in/hr Average Depth: 2.02 in. 13 w c2 = 18.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 225 gal collected

15 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 10:00 AM End Rain: 10:20 AM 1 10:03 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 10:20 AM 2 10:06 X Rain Time: Test Time: :09 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 10:12 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 10:15 X TOP OF SLOPE w c1 = 16.4% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = 18 mm 8 x x X x psi. i = 2.13 in/hr P = 9 psi :18 X A 10 x 11 X P = 9 psi B 10 x x 13 x C P = 9 psi X 14 x x 15 X P = 9 psi D x 10 x x 13 x E P = 9 psi X 14 x x 15 X P = 9 psi F x x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 9 psi x # Time Gallon, sec x X x P = 9 psi H x 2 X x 3 x I P = 9 psi x 4 x X 5 x P = 9 psi J X 6 X 7 X 8 d = 17 mm 9 i = 2.01 in/hr Temp. 79 deg 10 w c2 = 17.6% Hum. 85 % 11 d = 17 mm 10 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 0.68 in. 13 w c3 = 16.6% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.05 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Approx 1 gal collected

16 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 10:26 AM End Rain: 10:46 AM 1 10:28 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 10:48 AM 2 10:30 X Rain Time: Test Time: :32 X Product: Roll #: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 10:34 X Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 10:36 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 10:38 X w c1 = 16.4% X X x x Set system pressure to :40 X d = 34 mm P = 9 psi psi. 8 10:42 X i = 4.02 in/hr 9 10:44 A X X 10 10:46 X X P = 9 psi B 11 x X 10 x C P = 9 psi X 13 X x 14 X P = 9 psi D x 15 x X 10 x E P = 9 psi X 13 x x 14 X P = 9 psi F x 15 X x x G P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x X # Time Gallon, sec x P = 9 psi H x X x X I P = 9 psi X x X X P = 9 psi J X X X d = 36 mm i = 4.25 in/hr w c2 = 17.6% Temp. 80 deg d = 34 mm Hum. 84 % 11 i = 4.02 in/hr 10 w c3 = 16.6% Average Depth: 1.36 in. 13 Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx. 90 gal collected

17 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 10:52 AM End Rain: 11:12 AM 1 10:54 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 11:14 AM 2 10:56 X Rain Time: Test Time: :58 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 11:00 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 11:02 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 11:04 X w c1 = 16.4% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 11:06 X Set system pressure to 16 d = 51 mm 8 X 11:08 X X x X psi. i = 6.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 11:10 X A 10 11:12 X X 11 X P = 9 psi B 10 X X 13 x C P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi D x 10 X X 13 x E P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi F x X x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 9 psi X # Time Gallon, sec x X X P = 9 psi H X X X X I P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi J X X X d = 51 mm i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 80 deg w c2 = 17.6% Hum. 85 % 11 d = 50 mm 10 i = 5.91 in/hr Average Depth: 1.99 in. 13 w c3 = 16.6% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 5.98 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 190 gal collected

18 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time X Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 11:24 AM End Rain: 11:44 AM 1 11:27 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 11:44 AM 2 11:30 X Rain Time: Test Time: :33 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 11:36 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 11:39 X TOP OF SLOPE w c1 = 17.6% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 Set system pressure to 16 d = 18 mm 8 x X x x psi. i = 2.13 in/hr P = 9 psi :42 X A 10 x 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 x x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 x x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x x 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x x H P = 9 psi x x X 3 x P = 9 psi I x 4 X x 5 X J P = 9 psi x 6 d = 20 mm 9 X 7 X 8 i = 2.36 in/hr * Temp. 86 deg 10 w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 84 % 11 d = 17 mm 10 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 0.72 in. 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.17 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Approx 3 gal collected. 15

19 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 11:51 AM End Rain: 12:11 PM 1 11:53 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:12 PM 2 11:55 X Rain Time: Test Time: :57 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 11:59 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 12:01 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 12:03 X w c1 = 17.6% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 12:05 X Set system pressure to 16 d = 34 mm 8 X 12:07 X x x X psi. i = 4.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 12:09 X A 10 12:11 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 X x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi x x X X P = 9 psi I X X x X J P = 9 psi X d = 36 mm X X i = 4.25 in/hr Temp. 88 deg w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 77 % 11 d = 34 mm 10 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: 1.36 in. 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 120 gal collected. 15

20 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 12-Jun-14 Start Rain: 12:15 PM End Rain: 12:35 PM 1 12:17 X Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:37 PM 2 12:19 X Rain Time: Test Time: :21 X Product: Winters Straw Bio Descr:. Double Net Straw Blanket 4 12:23 X Roll #: Anchors: 6 in Staples Anchorage: 1.7 / sy 5 12:25 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 12:27 X w c1 = 17.6% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 12:29 X Set system pressure to 16 d = 51 mm 8 X 12:31 X X x X psi. i = 6.02 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 12:33 X A 10 12:35 X X 11 B P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 X X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 10 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 X X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X d = 51 mm X X i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 88 deg w c3 = 16.8% Hum. 78 % 11 d = 50 mm 10 i = 5.91 in/hr Average Depth: 1.99 in. 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 5.98 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 235 gal collected

21 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #1 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l 2.05 in/hr avg 12-Jun AVG = in/hr avg 0.00 Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: Associated Solids Loss, lbs

22 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #2 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l 2.05 in/hr avg 12-Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: Associated Solids Loss, lbs

23 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #3 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Collected Water Wt., g Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l 2.17 in/hr avg 12-Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jun AVG = Total Solids Lost: Associated Solids Loss, lbs

24 12-Jun-14 Slope #1 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal 2.05 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.02 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 6.06 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

25 12-Jun-14 Slope #2 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal 2.05 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.09 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 5.98 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

26 12-Jun-14 Slope #3 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal 2.17 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.09 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 5.98 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

27 WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION Run #: Slope No. SLOPE #1 SLOPE #2 SLOPE #3 Test Date: 12-Jun Jun Jun-14 Avg Moisture Content: 17.84% 16.85% 17.20% Location T-1 T-2 T-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 18.5% 16.4% 17.6% Location M-1 M-2 M-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 16.8% 17.6% 16.8% Location B-1 B-2 B-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 18.2% 16.6% 17.2%

28 SLOPE #1 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 0.03 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 7.49 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Not Applicable

29 SLOPE #2 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 0.00 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 3.18 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Collected Sediments, gal Not Applicable

30 SLOPE #3 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 0.01 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs 7.64 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping Not Applicable

31 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2014 Appendix APPENDIX B TEST SOIL Test Soil Grain Size Distribution Curve Compaction Curves Field Compaction Verification

32 November 8, Plasticity (ASTM D 4318) Liquid Limit: 30 Plastic Limit: 22 Plastic Index: 8 Soil classifies as a clayey sand (SC) in accordance with ASTM D 2487 DDRF ASTM D 6459 Blended Test Soil Percent Finer ASTM D 6459 Target Loam Range Particle Size (mm) Corporate Laboratory: 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX / TEST / / sallen@tri-env.com Denver Downs Research Facility: 4915 Clemson Blvd., Anderson, SC / / jsprague@tri-env.com

33 Proctor Compaction Test 120 Project: DDRF 115 Sample No.: SLOPE COMPOSITE Test Date: NOVEMBER 8, Test Method: ASTM D Method A Dry Density (pcf) Maximum Dry Density (pcf): 99.2 Optimum Moisture Content (%): Moisture Content (%) James Sprague, 11/08/13 Tested by: J.E.Sprague The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material. TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, except in full, without prior approval of TRI Bee Caves Road Austin, TX (512) (512) TEST

34 Compaction Worksheet ASTM D 2937 Location: DDRF SLOPES Date: 11/8/2013 Drive Cylinder: Dia., mm = 98 Length, mm = 127 Volume, ft 3 = Compaction Tube # Wt. of Wet Soil + Mold (g) Wt. of Mold (g) Wt. of Wet Soil (g) Moisture Content Tare Number B T M Wt. of Tare (g) Wt. of Wet Soil + Tare (g) Wt. of Dry Soil + Tare (g) Water Content, w (%) Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Dry density, ɣ dry = ɣ wet / [1 + w] (lb/ft 3 ) = Max Std. Proctor Dry density (lb/ft 3 ) = Opt. Moisture (%) = Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 93.0% 94.0% 88.4% 89.6% 92.3% 92.2% Avg Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 91.6% James Sprague, 11/8/13 Quality Review/Date Tested by: J.E. Sprague The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material. TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, except in full, without prior approval of TRI Bee Caves Road Austin, TX (512) (512) TEST

35 Straw Bio, Double Biodegradable Net Straw Blanket, over Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP June 30, 2014 Appendix APPENDIX C RAINFALL DATA Raindrop Size Distribution Rainfall Calibration

36 % of Raindrops by Mass Raindrop Size Distribution November mm mm mm mm mm mm Rainfall Intensity, in/hr Target raindrop size and distribution (no more than 10 % greater than 6 mm (0.24 in.) and no more than 10 % smaller than 1 mm (0.04 in.)).

37 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 8:45 AM End Time: 9:00 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 11 mm 1 2 d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 12 mm 3 4 d = 11 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr C i = 1.73 in/hr X X d = 12 mm 5 6 d = 13 mm X X i = 1.89 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 7 8 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr E i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr G i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr H i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 12 mm d = 15 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr I i = 2.36 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 X d = 11 mm d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.89 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 95 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 1.98 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 94

38 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 4 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 9:15 AM End Time: 9:30 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 24 mm 1 2 d = 23 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr B i = 3.62 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 25 mm 3 4 d = 23 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 3.94 in/hr C i = 3.62 in/hr X X d = 26 mm 5 6 d = 25 mm X X i = 4.09 in/hr D i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 26 mm 7 8 d = 27 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr E i = 4.25 in/hr X X d = 27 mm 9 10 d = 27 mm X X i = 4.25 in/hr F i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 26 mm d = 26 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr G i = 4.09 in/hr X X d = 27 mm d = 27 mm X X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 27 mm d = 25 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr I i = 3.94 in/hr X X d = 26 mm d = 26 mm X X i = 4.09 in/hr J i = 4.09 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 25 mm d = 25 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr i = 3.94 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 205 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 4.04 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 96

39 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 6 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 9:43 AM End Time: 9:58 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 37 mm 1 2 d = 36 mm X i = 5.83 in/hr B i = 5.67 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 37 mm 3 4 d = 38 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr C i = 5.98 in/hr X X d = 38 mm 5 6 d = 40 mm X X i = 5.98 in/hr D i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 38 mm 7 8 d = 39 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.98 in/hr E i = 6.14 in/hr X X d = 40 mm 9 10 d = 41 mm X X i = 6.30 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 38 mm d = 40 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.98 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X X d = 37 mm d = 39 mm X X i = 5.83 in/hr H i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 37 mm d = 42 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr I i = 6.61 in/hr X X d = 36 mm d = 38 mm X X i = 5.67 in/hr J i = 5.98 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 36 mm d = 36 mm X i = 5.67 in/hr i = 5.67 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 300 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.01 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 96

40 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 10:30 AM End Time: 10:45 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 11 mm 1 2 d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 3 4 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm 5 6 d = 13 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 7 8 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr E i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 14 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr G i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm d = 14 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 14 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 11 mm d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.89 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 100 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 13 mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.05 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95