Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) East Coast Erosion Blanket ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Fiber Blanket over Sandy Loam

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1 Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459) of East Coast Erosion Blanket ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Fiber Blanket over Sandy Loam February 2010 Submitted to: AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Attn: Keith Platte, NTPEP kplatte@aashto.org Submitted by: TRI/Environmental, Inc Bee Caves Road Austin, TX C. Joel Sprague Project Manager

2 February 18, 2010 Mr. Keith Platte AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Subject: Large-scale Slope Testing of ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam Dear Mr. Platte: This letter report presents the results for large-scale slope erosion tests performed on ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, rolled erosion control product (RECP), over sandy loam. Included are data developed for target rainfall intensities from 2 to 6 in/hr (5 to 15 cm/hr). All testing work was performed in general accordance with the ASTM D 6459, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall- Induced Erosion. Generated results were used to develop the following general cover factor (C- Factor) for the tested material: C-Factor ECC-2B & 1.75 pins/sy = for cumulative R-Factor < 231; Eqn: C = R TRI is pleased to present this final report. Please feel free to call if we can answer any questions or provide any additional information. Sincerely, C. Joel Sprague, P.E. Senior Engineer Geosynthetics Services Division Cc: Sam Allen, Jarrett Nelson - TRI

ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, 2010 2 SLOPE TESTING REPORT ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT

3 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, SLOPE TESTING REPORT ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES Overview of Test and Apparatus TRI/Environmental, Inc.'s (TRI's) large-scale slope erosion testing facility is located at the Denver Downs Research Farm in Anderson, SC. Testing oversight is provided by C. Joel Sprague, P.E. The large-scale testing reported herein was performed in accordance with ASTM D 6459, on 3:1 slopes using loamy soil test plots measuring 40 ft long x 8 ft wide. The simulated rainfall was produced by ten rain trees arranged around the perimeter of each test slope. Each rain tree has four sprinkler heads atop a 15 ft riser pipe. The rainfall system has been calibrated prior to testing to determine the number of sprinkler heads and associated pressure settings necessary to achieve target rainfall intensities and drop sizes. The calibrated drop size distribution in this test had a 5 percent higher distribution of drops smaller than 1mm than is defined in the standard. This variation as shown in Appendix C is believed to have a negligible effect on the test result. The target rainfall intensities are 2, 4, and 6 in/hr and are applied in sequence for 20 minutes each. Three replicate test slopes covered by the same rolled erosion control product (RECP) submitted were tested. The erosion resistance provided by the product tested is obtained by comparing the protected slope results to control (bare soil) results. Tables and graphs of rainfall versus soil loss are generated from the accumulated data. Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) The following information and index properties were determined from the supplied products. Table 1. Tested Product Information & Index Properties Product Information and Index Property / Test Units Sampled Product Product Identification - ECC-2B Manufacturing Plant Location - Bernville, PA Lot number of sample B Fiber - Coconut Netting Openings in 0.5 x 1.0 (approx) Stitching Spacing in 1.5 (approx) Tensile Strength MD x XD (ASTM D 6818) lb/in 19.2 x 12.3 Tensile Elongation MD x XD (ASTM D 6818) % 11.6 x 14.5 Thickness (ASTM D 6525) mils 326 Light Penetration (ASTM D 6567) % cover 88.3 Water Absorption (ASTM D 1117 & ECTC-TASC 00197) % Wt Change 232 Mass / Unit Area (ASTM D 6475) oz/sy 11.02

4 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Test Soil The test soil used in the test plots had the following characteristics. Table 2. TRI-Loam Characteristics Soil Characteristic Test Method Value % Gravel 0 % Sand 45 ASTM D 422 % Silt 35 % Clay 20 Liquid Limit, % 41 ASTM D 4318 Plasticity Index, % 8 Soil Classification USDA Sandy Loam Soil Classification USCS Sandy silty clay (ML-CL) Preparation of the Test Slopes The test slopes undergo a standard preparation procedure prior to each slope test. First, any rills or depressions resulting from previous testing are filled in with test soil and subject to heavy compaction. The entire test plot is then tilled to a depth not less than four inches. The test slope is then raked to create a slope that is smooth both side-to-side and top-to-bottom. Finally, a steel drum roller is rolled down-and-up the slope 3 times proceeding from one side of the plot to the other. The submitted erosion control product is then installed as directed by the client. Installation of Erosion Control Product on Test Slopes As noted, the submitted erosion control product was installed as directed by the client. For the tests reported herein, the RECP was anchored with 1.75 pins per square yard. Specific Test Procedure Immediately prior to testing, rain gauges are placed at the quarter points (i.e. 10, 20, 30 ft) on the slope. The slope is then exposed to sequential 20-minute rainfalls having target intensities of 2, 4, and 6 inches per hour. All runoff is collected during the testing. Additionally, periodic sediment concentration grab samples are taken and runoff rate measurements are made. Between rainfall intensities, the rainfall is stopped and rainfall depth is read in the three rain gauges, valves are adjusted to facilitate the subsequent rainfall intensity, and empty collection vessels are positioned to collect subsequent runoff. After allowing for sediments to settle, water is decanted from the collected runoff. The remaining solids are used to determine bulk soil loss. Bulk soil loss is measured by drying all collected sediments.

5 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Figure 2. Typical Sampling Figure 1. Rainfall Testing Facility (set up for a control run) Figure 3. Typical Control Result Pictures of slopes prepared for testing are shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Typical Prepared Soil Slope & RECP Installation Pictures of the eroded slopes are shown in Figures 5 thru 7.

6 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Figure 5a. Test Slope #1 6 minutes into the 2 in/hr Event Figure 5b. Test Slope #1 At end of 4 in/hr Event Figure 5c. Test Slope #1 Nearing End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 5d. Test Slope #1 After 6 in/hr Event - RECP Removed Figure 6a. Test Slope #2 Nearing End of 2 in/hr Event Figure 6b. Test Slope #2 11 minutes into the 4 in/hr Event

7 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Figure 6c. Test Slope #2 During 6 in/hr Event Figure 6d. Test Slope #2 After 6 in/hr Event - RECP Removed Figure 7a. Test Slope #3 Early in the 2 in/hr Event Figure 7b. Test Slope #3 11 minutes into the 4 in/hr Event

ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, 2010 7 Figure 7c. Test Slope #3 After 6 in/hr Event Figure 7d.

Equation. In accordance with the test procedure, a test is stopped in the event of catastrophic soil loss, as determined by the lab.

The tests reported herein experienced no catastrophic slope failure.

kinetic energy of the storm (E) times its maximum 30-minute Intensity (I)).

This normalized result facilitates product-to-product comparison of test results at a common point of the storm event.

8 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Figure 7c. Test Slope #3 After 6 in/hr Event Figure 7d. Test Slope #3 After 6 in/hr Event RECP Removed TEST RESULTS Total soil loss and the associated actual rainfall depth measured during the testing are the principle data used to determine the performance of the product tested. This data is entered into a spreadsheet that transforms the rainfall depth into an R-Factor and the total soil loss into soil loss per acre as typically used in the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. In accordance with the test procedure, a test is stopped in the event of catastrophic soil loss, as determined by the lab. In such a case, an assumed end-of-test worst-case soil loss based on the control runs is used in lieu of the soil loss just prior to failure. The tests reported herein experienced no catastrophic slope failure. In all cases, the soil loss and associated rainfall data for both protected and control conditions are used to develop a normalized cumulative graph of R-Factor versus C-Factor (R factor = total kinetic energy of the storm (E) times its maximum 30-minute Intensity (I)). The normalized cumulative R-Factor calculated for the target test events: 2 in/hr for 20 minutes + 4 in/hr for 20 minutes + 6 in/hr for 20 minutes, is R = 231. This normalized result facilitates product-to-product comparison of test results at a common point of the storm event. Graphs of R-Factor versus C-Factor for the protected condition and Soil Loss versus C-Factor for the control condition are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Figure 8 includes the best regression line fit to the test data to facilitate the determination of the C-factor. Linear (R 2 =0.77), power (R 2 =0.93), and exponential (R 2 =0.73) fits were evaluated. Slope # & Product Test # (run # - target intensity) Table 3. Summary Data Table Protected Slopes Cumm. Soil Runoff Cumm. Soil Loss Loss (gallons) R-Factor (lbs/plot/event) (Tons/Acre) Control Soil Loss Cumm. Intensity at Cumm. R-Factor C- (in/hr) (Tons/Acre) Factor ECC B ECC B ECC B

9 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Using the test procedure and data evaluation technique described herein, the C-Factor shown in Table 4 was determined using the following equation: C = m C / 2.78 K where m C = slope of the protected soil loss regression line; and K = the soil erosivity determined from bare soil testing = m K / LSCP Where m K = slope of the bare soil loss regression line; LS = topographic factor = 2.78 for 8 x 40 ft slope; C = cover factor = 1.0 for bare soil; P = management practice factor = 1.0 for bare soil. Table 4. Overall C-Factor Product C-Factor Calculation ECC-2B & 1.75 pins / sy C = x C-Factor vs. R-Factor (ECC-2B on TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope; Anchorage: 1.75 pins / sy) in/hr: R = 231 Using all 2, 4, and 6 in/hr C-Factors from all slopes. C = 4E-06x y = 4E-06x R 2 = C-Factor R-Factor Figure 8. R-Factor vs. C-Factor Tested Product

10 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, Soil Loss vs R-Factor (TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope) C= m / (2.78*K) K = m / (C*2.78) K = / (2.78*1.0) = y = x R 2 = Soil Loss (T/A) The cummulative R- Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 231and the associated soil loss is 57.9 tons/acre R - Factor Figure 8. R-Factor vs. Soil Loss Control Tests

11 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, 2010 Appendix APPENDIX A RECORDED DATA Test Record Sheets Sediment Concentration Data Runoff Data Soil Moisture Content Soil Loss Tables

12 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 10:00 AM End Rain: 10:20 AM 1 10:03 Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 10:20 AM 2 10:06 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :09 Product: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netti 4 10:12 Lot #: Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 10:15 TOP OF SLOPE 6 10:18 w c1 = 20.8% (circle "x" for open valves) Set valves to 9 psi. 7 d = 20 mm x X x x 8 i = 2.36 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A 10 x 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 x x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 x x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x x 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 gal, x P = 9 psi G x # Time sec X x x H P = 9 psi x 2 x X 3 x P = 9 psi I x 4 X x 5 x J P = 9 psi x 6 X 7 X 8 d = 19 mm 9 i = 2.24 in/hr Temp. 60 deg 10 w c3 = 17.4% Hum. 83 % 11 d = 17 mm 12 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.20 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 1.5 gal collected

13 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 10:25 AM End Rain: 10:45 AM 1 10:27 Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 10:47 AM 2 10:29 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :31 Product: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netti 4 10:33 Lot #: Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 10:35 TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 9 psi. 6 10:37 w c1 = 20.8% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 10:39 d = 37 mm X X x x 8 10:41 i = 4 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 10:43 A 10 10:45 X 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time gal, sec X x X H P = 9 psi x x X x P = 9 psi I X X x X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 33 mm i = 3.90 in/hr Temp. 56 deg w c3 = 17.4% Hum. 87 % 11 d = in 12 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 130 gal collected

14 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #1 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 10:55 AM End Rain: 11:15 AM 1 10:57 Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 11:20 AM 2 10:59 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :01 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netti 4 11:03 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 11:05 TOP OF SLOPE 6 11:07 w c1 = 20.8% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 11:09 d = 54 mm X X X x Set valves to 9 psi. 8 11:11 i = 6.38 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 11:13 A 10 11:15 X 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 X X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 X X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi X x X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = 54 mm i = 6.38 in/hr Temp. 56 deg w c3 = 17.4% Hum. 89 % 11 d = mm 12 i = 5.79 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c2 = 17.2% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.18 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 295gal collected

15 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 11:30 AM End Rain: 11:50 AM 1 11:33 Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 11:50 AM 2 11:36 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :39 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 11:42 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 11:45 TOP OF SLOPE 6 11:48 w c1 = 16.3% (circle "x" for open valves) Set valves to 9 psi. 7 d = 18 mm x x X x 8 i = 2.13 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A 10 x 11 X P = 9 psi B 12 x x 13 x C P = 9 psi X 14 x x 15 X P = 9 psi D x 12 x x 13 x E P = 9 psi X 14 x x 15 X P = 9 psi F x x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 9 psi x # Time Gallon, sec x X x P = 9 psi H x 2 X x 3 x I P = 9 psi x 4 x X 5 x P = 9 psi J x 6 X 7 X 8 d = 19 mm 9 i = 2.24 in/hr Temp. 58 deg 10 w c2 = 15.8% Hum. 91 % 11 d = mm 12 i = 2.13 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c3 = 17.0% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.17 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Approx 1.5 gal collected

16 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 11:55 AM End Rain: 12:15 PM 1 11:57 Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:18 PM 2 11:59 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :01 Product: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 12:03 Lot #: Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 12:05 TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 9 psi. 6 12:07 w c1 = 16.3% X X x x 7 12:09 d = 37 mm P = 9 psi 8 12:11 i = 4.37 in/hr A 9 12:13 X 10 12:15 X P = 9 psi B 11 x X 12 x C P = 9 psi X 13 X x 14 X P = 9 psi D x 15 x X 12 x E P = 9 psi X 13 x x 14 X P = 9 psi F x 15 X x x G P = 9 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x X # Time Gallon, sec x P = 9 psi H x X x X I P = 9 psi x x X X P = 9 psi J X X X 7 d = mm 8 i = 4.49 in/hr 9 w c2 = 15.8% Temp. 58 deg 10 d = mm Hum. 90 % 11 i = 4.25 in/hr 12 w c3 = 17.0% Average Depth: mm 13 Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.37 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx. 18 gal collected

17 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #2 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 12:25 PM End Rain: 12:45 PM 1 12:27 Sampling interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:52 PM 2 12:29 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :31 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 12:33 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 12:35 TOP OF SLOPE 6 12:37 w c1 = 16.3% (circle "x" for open valves) Set valves to 9 psi. 7 12:39 d = 56 mm X X X x 8 12:41 i = 6.61 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 12:43 A 10 12:45 X 11 X P = 9 psi B 12 X X 13 x C P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi D x 12 X X 13 x E P = 9 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 9 psi F x X x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 9 psi X # Time Gallon, sec x X X P = 9 psi H X X x X I P = 9 psi X X X X P = 9 psi J X X X d = mm i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 56 deg w c2 = 15.8% Hum. 90 % 11 d = mm 12 i = 6.26 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c3 = 17.0% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.30 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 270 gal collected

18 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: 1:00 PM End Rain: 1:20 PM 1 13:03 Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 1:20 PM 2 13:06 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :09 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 13:12 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 13:15 TOP OF SLOPE 6 13:18 w c1 = 18.3% (circle "x" for open valves) Set valves to 9 psi. 7 d = 17 mm x X x x 8 i = 2.01 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 A 10 x 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 x x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 x x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x x 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x x H P = 9 psi x 2 x X 3 x P = 9 psi I x 4 X x 5 x J P = 9 psi x 6 X 7 X 8 d = 21 mm 9 i = 2.48 in/hr Temp. 56 deg 10 w c3 = 15.0% Hum. 87 % 11 d = 17 mm 12 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: in. 13 w c2 = 21.7% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.17 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze from the. Approx 2 gal collected. 15

19 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: Sampling 1:25 PM End Rain: 1:45 PM 1 13:27 interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 1:50 PM 2 13:29 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :31 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 13:33 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 13:35 TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 9 psi. 6 13:37 w c1 = 18.3% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 13:39 d = mm X X x x 8 13:41 i = 3.66 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 13:43 A 10 13:45 X 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 x X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 x X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi x x X x P = 9 psi I X X x X J P = 9 psi X X X d = mm i = 4.49 in/hr Temp. 54 deg w c3 = 15.0% Hum. 90 % 11 d = mm 12 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c2 = 21.7% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 100 gal collected. 15

20 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing SLOPE #3 Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Date: 25-Jan-10 Start Rain: Sampling 2:00 PM End Rain: 2:20 PM 1 14:02 interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 2:25 PM 2 14:04 Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :06 Product: Lot #: ECC-2B Descr:. Double net coconut blanket w/ Biodegradable Netting 4 14:08 Anchors: 6-inch Anchorage: 1.75 / sy 5 14:10 TOP OF SLOPE 6 14:12 w c1 = 18.3% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 14:14 d = mm X X X x Set valves to 9 psi. 8 14:16 i = 6.26 in/hr P = 9 psi 9 14:18 A 10 14:20 X 11 B P = 9 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 9 psi C x 14 X X 15 x D P = 9 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 9 psi E x 14 X X 15 x F P = 9 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 9 psi G x # Time Gallon, sec X x X H P = 9 psi X x X X P = 9 psi I X X X X J P = 9 psi X X X d = mm i = 6.38 in/hr Temp. 54 deg w c3 = 15.0% Hum. 90 % 11 d = mm 12 i = 6.26 in/hr Average Depth: mm 13 w c2 = 21.7% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.30 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 265 gal collected

21 Slope #1 - Sediment Concentration Dry Total Test Sample Total Decanted Dry Bottle Sediment Collected Time, Number Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, Water minutes mg Wt., g in/hr avg Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Time to Associated Associated Associated Sampling Collect 1 Sediment Solids Loss, Runoff, gal Time gal Conc, mg/l lbs 25-Jan AVG = in/hr avg 0.00 Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = Total Solids Lost: 5.70 Solids Loss Prior to Failure, lbs

22 Slope #2 - Sediment Concentration Dry Total Test Sample Total Decanted Dry Bottle Sediment Collected Time, Number Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, Water minutes mg Wt., g in/hr avg Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Time to Associated Associated Associated Sampling Collect 1 Sediment Solids Loss, Runoff, gal Time gal Conc, mg/l lbs 25-Jan AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = Total Solids Lost: 5.81 Solids Loss Prior to Failure, lbs

23 Slope #3 - Sediment Concentration Dry Total Test Sample Total Decanted Dry Bottle Sediment Collected Time, Number Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, g Weight, Water minutes mg Wt., g in/hr avg Total Collected Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Time to Associated Sediment Associated Solids Loss, Sampling Collect 1 Associated Conc, mg/l lbs Time gal Runoff, gal 25-Jan AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: Jan AVG = Total Solids Lost: 3.10 Solids Loss Prior to Failure, lbs

24 25-Jan-10 Slope #1 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.09 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 6.18 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

25 25-Jan-10 Slope #2 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.37 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 6.30 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

26 25-Jan-10 Slope #3 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 4.06 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx) 6.30 in/hr end Total Collected Runoff (approx)

27 WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION Run #: Slope No. SLOPE #1 SLOPE #2 SLOPE #3 Test Date: 25-Jan Jan Jan-10 Avg Moisture Content: 18.46% 16.37% 18.37% Location T-1 T-2 T-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 20.8% 16.3% 18.3% Location M-1 M-2 M-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 17.4% 15.8% 15.0% Location B-1 B-2 B-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 17.2% 17.0% 21.7%

28 SLOPE #1 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g 334 Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping at Collected Sediments, gal Not Applicable

29 SLOPE #2 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping at Collected Sediments, gal Not Applicable

30 SLOPE #3 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Collected Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Collected Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, g Decanted Wt. Of pan + dry soil, g Collected Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of pan, g Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Collected Sediments, lbs Add'l Soil Collected after Major Slumping at Collected Sediments, gal Not Applicable

31 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, 2010 Appendix APPENDIX B TEST SOIL Test Soil Grain Size Distribution Curve Compaction Curves Field Compaction Verification

32 November ASTM D 6459 Target Loam Plasticity (ASTM D 4318) Liquid Limit: 41 Plastic Limit: 33 Plastic Index: 8 Soil classifies as a sandy silty clay (ML-CL) in accordance with ASTM D 2487 Percent Finer DDRF ASTM D 6459 Blended Test Soil Particle Size (mm)

33 November 2009 Proctor Compaction Test 130 Sample No.: DDRF Blended Test Soil 125 Test Method: ASTM D Method A Maximum Dry Density (pcf): Dry Density (pcf) Optimum Moisture Content (%): Moisture Content (%)

34 Compaction Worksheet ASTM D 1556 Calibration Date: 8/16/2009 Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand Volume Measure: Liquid Volume, V m (cm 3 ): 425 Wt. of Sand to Fill Known Volume: Total Wt (g) Pan Wt (g) Net Wt (g) Trial #1 (g) Trial #2 (g) Trial #3 (g) W a (g) Density of Sand, ɣ sand (g/cm 3 ) = W a / V m = 1.53 Wt. of Sand to Fill Cone: Total Wt (g) Cone Wt (g) Net Wt (g) Trial #1 (g) Trial #2 (g) Trial #3 (g) Wt. of Sand in Cone (g): Field Data Date: 11/4/2009 Soil Data: Wt. of Wet Soil + Pan (g) Wt. of Dry Soil + Pan (g) Wt. of Pan (g) 14.5 Wt. of Wet Soil, W' (g) Wt. of Dry Soil (g) Wt. of Water (g) Water Content, w (%) Volume Data: Sand Used: Pool Filter Sand Unit Wt. of Sand, ɣ sand (g/cm 3 ) = 1.53 Wt. of Jug & Cone Before (g) = Wt. of Jug & Cone After (g) = Wt. of Sand Used (g) = Wt. of Sand in Cone (g) = Wt. of Sand in Hole, W (g) = Volume of hole, V h (cm 3 ) = W / ɣ sand = Density Calculation: Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (kn/m 3 ) = 1.83 Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Dry density, ɣ dry = ɣ wet / [1 + w] (kn/m 3 ) = 1.54 Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Max Std. Proctor Dry density (kn/m 3 ) = Opt. Moisture via Std. Proctor density (%) = Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 92.3%

35 ECC-2B, Double Net Coconut Blanket, over Sandy Loam - Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP February 18, 2010 Appendix APPENDIX C RAINFALL DATA Raindrop Size Distribution Rainfall Calibration

36 50.00 Raindrop Size Distribution July % of Raindrops by Mass mm mm mm mm mm Rainfall Intensity, in/hr

37 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Comp DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1: 2 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 3:00 PM End Time: 3:15 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x x X x P = 10 psi A x d = 0.25 in 1 2 d = in X P = 10 psi i = 1.00 in/hr B i = 1.50 in/hr x d = 0.5 in 3 4 d = 0.5 in x x i = 2.00 in/hr C i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 0.5 in 5 6 d = 0.5 in x X P = 10 psi i = 2.00 in/hr D i = 2.00 in/hr x x d = 0.45 in 7 8 d = 0.55 in x x i = 1.80 in/hr E i = 2.20 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = 0.5 in 9 10 d = 0.5 in X X P = 10 psi i = 2.00 in/hr F i = 2.00 in/hr x x d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in x x i = 2.00 in/hr G i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = 0.55 in d = 0.5 in X xp = 10 psi i = 2.20 in/hr H i = 2.00 in/hr x X d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in x x i = 2.00 in/hr I i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = in d = 0.5 in X xp = 10 psi i = 2.50 in/hr J i = 2.00 in/hr X X d = 0.25 in d = 0.5 in X i = 1.00 in/hr i = 2.00 in/hr Approx. Bottom Catch: 95 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 0.48 in. Average Rainfall Intensity: 1.91 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 88

38 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Com DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1: 4 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 4:00 PM End Time: 4:15 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x x X X P = 10 psi A X d = in 1 2 d = 1.00 in X P = 10 psi i = 3.50 in/hr B i = 4.00 in/hr x d = 1.00 in 3 4 d = 1.00 in X x i = 4.00 in/hr C i = 4.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1.00 in 5 6 d = 1.00 in x X P = 10 psi i = 4.00 in/hr D i = 4.00 in/hr x x d = 1.25 in 7 8 d = 1.00 in X x i = 5.00 in/hr E i = 4.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 1.25 in 9 10 d = 1.00 in x x P = 10 psi i = 5.00 in/hr F i = 4.00 in/hr x X d = 1.25 in d = in x X i = 5.00 in/hr G i = 3.50 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = in d = 1.00 in X x P = 10 psi i = 4.50 in/hr H i = 4.00 in/hr X X d = 0.75 in d = 1.00 in x X i = 3.00 in/hr I i = 4.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 0.75 in d = in X X P = 10 psi i = 3.00 in/hr J i = 3.50 in/hr X X d = 0.5 in d = in X i = 2.00 in/hr i = 3.50 in/hr Approx. Bottom Catch: 190 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 0.97 in. Average Rainfall Intensity: 3.88 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 87

39 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Com DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1: 6 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 5:00 PM End Time: 5:15 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x X X X P = 10 psi A X d = 1.25 in 1 2 d = 1.4 in X P = 10 psi i = 5.00 in/hr B i = 5.60 in/hr X d = 1.5 in 3 4 d = in X x i = 6.00 in/hr C i = 5.50 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1.75 in 5 6 d = 1.4 in X X P = 10 psi i = 7.00 in/hr D i = 5.60 in/hr x X d = 1.65 in 7 8 d = 1.45 in X x i = 6.60 in/hr E i = 5.80 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = in 9 10 d = 1.55 in X X P = 10 psi i = 7.50 in/hr F i = 6.20 in/hr x X d = 1.75 in d = in x x i = 7.00 in/hr G i = 4.50 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 1.65 in d = 2.00 in X X P = 10 psi i = 6.60 in/hr H i = 8.00 in/hr X X d = 1.45 in d = 1.5 in X X i = 5.80 in/hr I i = 6.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1.35 in d = 1.5 in X X P = 10 psi i = 5.40 in/hr J i = 6.00 in/hr X X d = in d = 1.25 in X i = 3.50 in/hr i = 5.00 in/hr Approx. Bottom Catch: 290 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 1.48 in. Average Rainfall Intensity: 5.93 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 87

40 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Com DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2: 2 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 6:00 PM End Time: 6:15 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x x X x P = 10 psi A d = 0.5 in 1 2 d = 0.5 in x i = 2.00 in/hr B i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 0.55 in 3 4 d = 0.75 in x X P = 10 psi i = 2.20 in/hr C i = 3.00 in/hr x x d = 0.55 in 5 6 d = 0.65 in x x i = 2.20 in/hr D i = 2.60 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 0.5 in 7 8 d = 0.55 in x X P = 10 psi i = 2.00 in/hr E i = 2.20 in/hr x x d = 0.5 in 9 10 d = 0.5 in x x i = 2.00 in/hr F i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in X x P = 10 psi i = 2.00 in/hr G i = 2.00 in/hr x X d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in x x i = 2.00 in/hr H i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in X x P = 10 psi i = 2.00 in/hr I i = 2.00 in/hr x X d = 0.45 in d = 0.5 in x X i = 1.80 in/hr J i = 2.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x d = 0.5 in d = 0.5 in X i = 2.00 in/hr i = 2.00 in/hr X Approx. Bottom Catch: 105 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: in. Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.1 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 92

41 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Com DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2: 4 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 6:30 PM End Time: 6:45 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x x X X P = 10 psi A d = 0.95 in 1 2 d = 0.95 in X i = 3.80 in/hr B i = 3.80 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1 in 3 4 d = 1.5 in x X P = 10 psi i = 4.00 in/hr C i = 6.00 in/hr x x d = 1 in 5 6 d = 1.25 in X x i = 4.00 in/hr D i = 5.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1 in 7 8 d = 1 in x X P = 10 psi i = 4.00 in/hr E i = 4.00 in/hr x x d = in 9 10 d = 1 in x x i = 4.50 in/hr F i = 4.00 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = in d = 1 in X x P = 10 psi i = 4.50 in/hr G i = 4.00 in/hr X X d = 1 in d = in x X i = 4.00 in/hr H i = 4.50 in/hr P = 10 psi x x d = 1 in d = 1 in X X P = 10 psi i = 4.00 in/hr I i = 4.00 in/hr X X d = 0.95 in d = 1 in x X i = 3.80 in/hr J i = 4.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X d = 0.95 in d = 0.75 in X i = 3.80 in/hr i = 3.00 in/hr X Approx. Bottom Catch: 205 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: in. Average Rainfall Intensity: in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 91

42 TRI/Environmental, Inc. A Texas Research International Com DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2: 6 in/hr Rainfall (target) Date: 22-Jul-09 Start Time: 7:00 PM End Time: 7:15 PM Test Time: min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE x X X X P = 10 psi A d = 1.5 in 1 2 d = in X i = 6.00 in/hr B i = 5.50 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1.55 in 3 4 d = in X X P = 10 psi i = 6.20 in/hr C i = 8.50 in/hr x X d = 1.75 in 5 6 d = 2 in X x i = 7.00 in/hr D i = 8.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = in 7 8 d = in X X P = 10 psi i = 7.50 in/hr E i = 5.50 in/hr x X d = 1.5 in 9 10 d = 1.5 in x x i = 6.00 in/hr F i = 6.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X x d = 1.55 in d = 1.5 in X X P = 10 psi i = 6.20 in/hr G i = 6.00 in/hr X X d = 1.5 in d = 1.5 in x X i = 6.00 in/hr H i = 6.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X X d = 1.5 in d = 1.5 in X X P = 10 psi i = 6.00 in/hr I i = 6.00 in/hr X X d = 1.45 in d = 1.5 in X X i = 5.80 in/hr J i = 6.00 in/hr P = 10 psi X d = 1.25 in d = 1.00 in X i = 5.00 in/hr i = 4.00 in/hr X Approx. Bottom Catch: 305 gal Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 1.54 in. Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.16 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 90

Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459 modified) Flexterra Ultra over Sandy Loam

Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459 modified) of Flexterra Ultra over Sandy Loam December 2009 Submitted to: AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C. 20001 Attn: