Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459 modified) Central Fiber s Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS HECP and Enviro-Gold PLUS HECP over Sandy Loam

Transcription

1 Large-Scale Slope Erosion Testing (ASTM D 6459 modified) of Central Fiber s Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS HECP and Enviro-Gold PLUS HECP over Sandy Loam May 2015 Submitted to: AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Attn: Keith Platte, NTPEP kplatte@aashto.org Submitted by: TRI/Environmental, Inc Bee Caves Road Austin, TX C. Joel Sprague Project Manager

2 May 30, 2015 Mr. Keith Platte AASHTO/NTPEP 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249 Washington, D.C Subject: Large-Scale Slope (ASTM D6459) Central Fiber, Canton, OH Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS Dear Mr. Platte: This letter report presents the results for large-scale slope erosion tests performed on Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS hydraulically-applied erosion control product (HECP) over sandy loam. All testing work was performed in general accordance with the ASTM D 6459, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion modified as necessary to accommodate hydraulically-applied mulch. The product was allowed to cure on the slopes for approximately 48 hours prior to testing. Generated results were used to develop the following general cover factor (C-Factor) for the tested material: C-Factor Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold 2000lbs/acre = for cumulative R-Factor 162; Eqn: C = R TRI is pleased to present this final report. Please feel free to call if we can answer any questions or provide any additional information. Sincerely, C. Joel Sprague, P.E. Senior Engineer Geosynthetics Services Division Cc: Jay Sprague - TRI

3 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, SLOPE TESTING REPORT Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam TESTING EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURES Overview of Test and Apparatus TRI/Environmental, Inc.'s (TRI's) large-scale slope erosion testing facility is located at the Denver Downs Research Farm in Anderson, SC. Testing oversight is provided by C. Joel Sprague, P.E. The large-scale testing reported herein was performed in accordance with ASTM D 6459 modified as necessary to accommodate hydraulically-applied mulch, on 3:1 slopes using loamy soil test plots measuring 40 ft long x 8 ft wide. The simulated rainfall was produced by ten rain trees arranged around the perimeter of each test slope. Each rain tree has four sprinkler heads atop a 15 ft riser pipe. The rainfall system has been calibrated prior to testing to determine the number of sprinkler heads and associated pressure settings necessary to achieve target rainfall intensities and drop sizes. The target rainfall intensities are 2, 4, and 6 in/hr and are applied in sequence for 20 minutes each. Three replicate test slopes covered by the same hydraulically-applied erosion control product (HECP) submitted were tested. The application rate of the HECP was 2000 lb/acre. (Note: The mixing ratio was 100 gallons of water to 50 lb mulch.) The product was allowed to cure on the slopes for approximately 48 hours prior to testing. The erosion resistance provided by the product tested is obtained by comparing the protected slope results to control (bare soil) results. Tables and graphs of rainfall versus soil loss are generated from the accumulated data. Hydraulic Erosion Control Product (HECP) The following information and index properties were determined from the supplied products. Table 1. Tested Product Information & Index Properties Product Information and Index Property / Test Units Sampled Product Product Identification - Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro- Gold PLUS Manufacturing Plant Location - Canton, OH Thermo-Mechanically Processed Virgin Wood Fiber % 97 (minimum) Organic Polymer Tackifier % 3% ± 1% Moisture Content % 12% ± 3% Tensile Strength (ASTM D 6818 modified)* lb/in 0.13 Tensile Elongation (ASTM D 6818 modified)* % 7.86 Thickness (ASTM 6525 modified)* mils 107 Light Penetration (ASTM 6567 modified)* % cover 97.4 Water Absorption (ASTM 1117 / ECTC TASC 00197)* % wt change Mass / Unit Area (ASTM D 6566 modified)* osy 6.67 Note: Index specimens were made using the currently proposed ASTM procedure. * = These values are from independent testing of randomly sampled product. N/A specimen could not be made for test.

4 Test Soil Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, The test soil used in the test plots had the following characteristics. Table 2. TRI-Loam Characteristics Soil Characteristic Test Method Value % Gravel 0 % Sand 45 ASTM D 422 % Silt 35 % Clay 20 Liquid Limit, % 35 ASTM D 4318 Plasticity Index, % 6 Soil Classification USDA Loam Soil Classification USCS Clayey Sand (SC) K-Factor D Preparation of the Test Slopes The initial slope soil veneer (12-inch thick minimum) is placed and compacted. Compaction is verified to be 90% (± 3%) of Proctor Standard density using ASTM D 2937 (drive-cylinder method). Subsequently, the test slopes undergo a standard preparation procedure prior to each slope test. First, any rills or depressions resulting from previous testing are filled in with test soil and subject to heavy compaction. The entire test plot is then tilled to a depth not less than four inches. The test slope is then raked to create a slope that is smooth both side-to-side and top-tobottom. Finally, a steel drum roller is rolled down-and-up the slope 3 times proceeding from one side of the plot to the other. The submitted erosion control product is then installed as directed by the client. Installation of Erosion Control Product on Test Slopes As noted, the submitted erosion control product was installed as directed by the client. For the tests reported herein, the HECP was mixed at a rate of 50 lbs mulch per 100 gallons of water and applied at the rate of 2000 lb/acre. The applied material was allowed to cure for approximately 48 hours prior to testing. Specific Test Procedure Immediately prior to testing, rain gauges are placed at the quarter points (i.e. 10, 20, 30 ft) on the slope. The slope is then exposed to sequential 20-minute rainfalls having target intensities of 2, 4, and 6 inches per hour. All runoff is collected during the testing. Additionally, periodic sediment concentration grab samples are taken and runoff rate measurements are made. Between rainfall intensities, the rainfall is stopped and rainfall depth is read in the three rain gauges, valves are adjusted to facilitate the subsequent rainfall intensity, and empty collection vessels are positioned to collect subsequent runoff. After allowing for sediments to settle, water is decanted from the collected runoff. The remaining solids are used to determine bulk soil loss. Bulk soil loss is measured by drying all collected sediments.

5 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, Figure 2. Typical Sampling Figure 1. Rainfall Testing Facility (set up for a control run) Pictures of slope preparation are shown in Figure 4. Figure 3. Typical Control Result Figure 4. Typical Prepared Soil Slope & HECP Application Pictures of the eroded slopes are shown in Figures 5 thru 7.

6 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, Figure 5a. Test Slope #1 Cured Slope Figure 5b. Test Slope #1 At the End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 5c. Test Slope #1 At Midpoint of 6 in/hr Event Figure 5d. Test Slope #1 At End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 6a. Test Slope #2 Cured Slope at Start of Testing Figure 6b. Test Slope #2 At End of 4 in/hr Event

7 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, Figure 6c. Test Slope #2 At Midpoint of the 6 in/hr Event Figure 6d. Test Slope #2 At End of 6 in/hr Event Figure 7a. Test Slope #3 Cured Slope Figure 7b. Test Slope #3 At the End of the 4 in/hr Event Figure 7c. Test Slope #3 At Midpoint of the 6 in/hr Event Figure 7d. Test Slope #3 End of the 6 in/hr Event

8 TEST RESULTS Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, The Cover Management (C) Factor from the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) of the USDA-ARS Agricultural handbook 703 is the reported performance measure for slopes determined from this testing. The C-Factor and R-Factor reported herein are related through RUSLE by the following relationship: A = R x K x LS x C x P where: A = the computed soil loss in tons per acre (measured/calculated from test); R = the rainfall erosion index (measured/calculated from test); K = the erodibility of the soil (calculated from test see Figure 9); LS = the topographic factor (2.78 for 8 x 40 ft slope); C = the cover factor = ratio of protect soil loss to control soil loss (1.0 for control); and P = the practice factor (1.0 for all test slopes). Total soil loss and the associated rainfall depth measured during the testing are the principle data used to determine the C Factor. The cumulative C-Factors shown in Table 3 are the ratio of the soil loss from the protected condition at a calculated cumulative R-Factor divided by the cumulative soil loss from the control plot (Figure 9) at that same R-Factor. In all cases, the soil loss and associated rainfall data for both protected and control conditions are used to develop a normalized cumulative graph of R-Factor versus C-Factor (R factor = total kinetic energy of the storm (E) times its maximum 30-minute Intensity (I)). The maximum average normalized cumulative R-Factor calculated for the target test events: 2 in/hr for 20 minutes + 4 in/hr for 20 minutes + 6 in/hr for 20 minutes, is R = 231 assuming all raindrops achieve terminal velocity. Since this is not the case, the R-Factor must be scaled to reflect the kinetic energy associated with the actual velocity achieved by each size of raindrop. For the tests reported herein, the C-Factor associated with this scaled R-Factor of 162 is the reported performance value. This facilitates product-to-product comparison of test results at a common point of the storm event. Graphs of R-Factor versus C-Factor for the protected condition and Soil Loss versus R-Factor for the control condition are shown in Figures 8 and 9, respectively. Figure 8 includes the best regression line fit to the test data to facilitate the determination of the C-factor. Figure 8 additionally allows users of this report to evaluate performance at other points in the model storm by selecting the R factor (and the corresponding C Factor) that may fit local conditions. According to the test procedure ASTM D6459, a test may be stopped in the event of catastrophic soil loss, as determined by the lab. AASHTO NTPEP ECP Panel has determined this practice places an undue amount of subjectivity into the test. In lieu of stopping the test, the test is run to completion. The runoff and sediment loss just prior to catastrophic failure is separated from that occurring after. This additional point is used in the creating of the Soil Loss verses R Factor Graph. The tests reported herein did not experience catastrophic slope failure. Linear (R 2 =0.28), power (R 2 = 0.52), and polynomial (R 2 = 0.31) fits were the best fits evaluated. The overall C-Factor information shown in Table 4 is derived from Figure 8 which relates the C- Factors and associated R-Factors given in Table 3.

9 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, Table 3. Summary Data Table Protected Slopes Slope # & Product 1 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS 2 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS 3 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS Test # (run # - target intensity) Intensity (in/hr) Runoff (gallons) Cum. R- Factor Soil Loss (lbs / plot / event) Cum. Soil Loss (Tons/Acre) Control Soil Loss at Cumulative R-Factor (Tons/Acre) Cumulative C-Factor Table 4. Overall C-Factor Product C-Factor Calculation Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold 2000 lbs/acre C = R

10 Soil Loss (T/A) C-Factor Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, C-Factor vs. R-Factor (Second Nature Wood Fiber Plus / Enviro-Gold 2000 lb/acre on TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope) All Slopes - NORMALIZED C = R C-Factor = for R-Factor = 162 Power (All Slopes - NORMALIZED) y = x R² = The cummulative R-Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 162 and the associated C- Factor is determined from the best-fit regression eqn R-Factor Figure 8. R-Factor vs. C-Factor Tested Product Soil Loss vs RUSLE R (Control Testing of TRI-Loam; 3:1 Slope; : 13 tests) From RUSLE: A = R K LS C P For Control: LS = 2.78; P = 1.0; C = 1.0 K = (A/R) / 2.78 = m / 2.78 K = / 2.78 = 0.14 y = x R² = 1 y = x R² = Scaled Because Terminal Velocity Not Achieved: The cummulative R-Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 162 and the associated soil loss is 63.0 tons/acre RUSLE R (US Customary Units) If Terminal Velocity Achieved: The cummulative R-Factor calculated for the following events: 2 in/hr for 20 min + 4 in/hr for 20 min + 6 in/hr for 20 min, is R = 231 and the associated soil loss is 63.0 tons/acre Figure 9. R-Factor vs. Soil Loss Control Tests

11 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, 2015 Appendix APPENDIX A RECORDED DATA Test Record Sheets Sediment Concentration Data Runoff Data Soil Moisture Content Soil Loss Tables

12 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 8:21 AM End Rain: 8:41 AM 1 3:00 X interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 8:44 AM 2 6:00 X Product: Second Nature Wood Fiber Plus Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 12:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 15:00 X TOP OF SLOPE 6 18:00 X w c1 = 17.5% (circle "x" for open valves) Set valves to 16 psi. 7 d = 19 mm 8 x x X x i = 2.24 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 A 10 X 11 X P = 10 psi B 12 x x 13 x C P = 10 psi X 14 x X 15 x P = 10 psi D x 12 X x 13 x E P = 10 psi X 14 x x 15 X P = 10 psi F x x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 10 psi x # Time, minutes Gallon, Seconds x X x P = 10 psi H x X x x I P = 10 psi X x X x P = 10 psi J x 6 X 7 X 8 d = 18 mm 9 i = 2.13 in/hr Temp. 70 deg 10 w c3 = 20.3% Hum. 70 % 11 d = 19 mm 12 i = 2.24 in/hr Average Depth: 19 mm 13 w c2 = 21.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.20 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 80 gal collected

13 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 8:45 AM End Rain: 9:05 AM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 9:08 AM 2 0:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 17.5% x x X X 7 0:00 X d = 35 mm P = 12 psi 8 0:00 X i = 4.13 in/hr 9 0:00 A X X 10 0:00 X X P = 10 psi B 11 X x 12 x C P = 10 psi X 13 x X 14 x P = 10 psi D X 15 X x 12 X E P = 10 x 13 X X 14 X P = 10 psi F X 15 x x x G P = 10 psi X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x X # Time, minutes Gallon, Seconds x P = 10 psi H x X X X I P = 10 psi X x X X P = 10 psi J x X X d = 37 mm i = 4.37 in/hr w c2 = 20.1% Temp. 71 deg d = 34 mm Hum. 77 % 11 i = 4.02 in/hr 12 w c3 = 19.9% Average Depth: 35 mm 13 Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.17 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 165 gal collected

14 Slope #: 1 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Specimen Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 9:10 AM End Rain: 9:30 AM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 9:32 AM 2 0:00 X Product: Lot #: Second Nature Wood Fiber Plus Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 17.5% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 0:00 X d = 51 mm 8 x X 0:00 X X X i = 6.02 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 0:00 X A 10 0:00 X X 11 X P = 10 psi B 12 X X 13 X C P = 10 psi X 14 x X 15 X P = 10 psi D X 12 X x 13 X E P = 10 psi X 14 X X 15 X P = 10 psi F X X x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x G P = 10 psi X # Time, minutes Gallon, Seconds x X X P = 10 psi H X X X X I P = 10 psi X X X X P = 10 psi J X X X d = 52 mm i = 6.14 in/hr Temp. 72 deg w c2 = 20.1% Hum. 79 % 11 d = 52 mm 12 i = 6.14 in/hr Average Depth: 52 mm 13 w c3 = 19.9% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.10 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 240 gal collected

15 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 9:36 AM End Rain: 9:56 AM 1 3:00 X interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 9:58 AM 2 6:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 12:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 15:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 18:00 X w c1 = 21.7% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 d = 18 mm 8 x x X x i = 2.13 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 A 10 X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 10 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 10 psi x 12 x X 13 x P = 10 psi E x 14 X x 15 x F P = 10 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X x x H P = 10 psi x x X x P = 10 psi I x X x X J P = 10 psi x 6 d = 17 mm 9 X 7 X 8 i = 2.01 in/hr Temp. 74 deg 10 w c3 = 20.3% Hum. 81 % 11 d = 19 mm 12 i = 2.24 in/hr Average Depth: 18 mm 13 w c2 = 21.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.13 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 45 gal collected

16 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 10:01 AM End Rain: 10:21 AM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 10:23 AM 2 0:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 21.7% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 0:00 X d = 36 mm 8 x x 0:00 X X X i = 4.25 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 0:00 X A 10 0:00 X X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 10 psi C x 14 X x 15 x D P = 10 psi x 12 x X 13 x P = 10 psi E X 14 X x 15 X F P = 10 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X x X H P = 10 psi X x X X P = 10 psi I x X x X J P = 10 psi X d = 34 mm X X i = 4.02 in/hr Temp. 75 deg w c3 = 20.3% Hum. 82 % 11 d = 34 mm 12 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: 35 mm 13 w c2 = 21.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.09 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 120 gal collected

17 Slope #: 2 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 10:27 AM End Rain: 10:47 AM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 10:49 AM 2 0:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 21.7% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 0:00 X d = 52 mm 8 x X 0:00 X X X i = 6.14 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 0:00 X A 10 0:00 X X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 10 psi C X 14 X x 15 X D P = 10 psi X 12 x X 13 X P = 10 psi E X 14 X X 15 X F P = 10 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X x X H P = 10 psi X X X X P = 10 psi I X X X X J P = 10 psi X d = 51 mm X X i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 77 deg w c3 = 20.3% Hum. 80 % 11 d = 51 mm 12 i = 6.02 in/hr Average Depth: 51 mm 13 w c2 = 21.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 250 gal collected

18 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 2 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 11:11 15-May-15 AM Start Rain: 10:51 AM End Rain: 1 3:00 X Sampling interval: 0:03 End Runoff: 11:13 AM 2 6:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 12:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 15:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 18:00 X w c1 = 20.3% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 d = 18 mm 8 x x X x i = 2.13 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 A 10 X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X x 13 X P = 10 psi C x 14 x x 15 x D P = 10 psi x 12 x X 13 X P = 10 psi E x 14 x x 15 x F P = 10 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X x x H P = 10 psi x x X x P = 10 psi I x X x X J P = 10 psi x 6 d = 17 mm 9 X 7 X 8 i = 2.01 in/hr Temp. 74 deg 10 w c3 = 18.8% Hum. 79 % 11 d = 17 mm 12 i = 2.01 in/hr Average Depth: 17 mm 13 w c2 = 14.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 2.05 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 75 gal collected

19 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 4 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 11:15 AM End Rain: 11:35 AM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 11:37 AM 2 0:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 20.3% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 0:00 X d = 35 mm 8 x X0:00 X x X i = 4.13 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 0:00 X A 10 0:00 X X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 10 psi C x 14 X x 15 x D P = 10 psi x 12 x X 13 X P = 10 psi E X 14 X X 15 x F P = 10 psi X x x Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 x P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X x X H P = 10 psi X x X X P = 10 psi I x X x X J P = 10 psi X d = 34 mm X X i = 4.02 in/hr Temp. 73 deg w c3 = 18.8% Hum. 83 % 11 d = 34 mm 12 i = 4.02 in/hr Average Depth: 34 mm 13 w c2 = 14.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 4.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 120 gal collected

20 Slope #: 3 DDRF Rainfall Testing Target Rain: 6 in/hr Sediment Concentration Grab Samples Followed by Runoff Rate Measurements # Time Sample Taken Date: 15-May-15 Start Rain: Sampling 11:41 AM End Rain: 12:01 PM 1 0:00 X interval: 0:02 End Runoff: 12:04 PM 2 0:00 X Rain Time (min): Test Time (min): :00 X Second Nature Wood Product: Fiber Plus Descr:. Central Fiber - NTPEP 4 0:00 X Lot #: Anchors: Anchorage: 2000 Lbs / Acre 5 0:00 X TOP OF SLOPE Set valves to 16 psi. 6 0:00 X w c1 = 20.3% (circle "x" for open valves) 7 0:00 X d = 52 mm 8 x X0:00 X X X i = 6.14 in/hr P = 10 psi 9 0:00 X A 10 0:00 X X 11 B P = 10 psi X 12 X X 13 X P = 10 psi C X 14 X x 15 X D P = 10 psi X 12 x X 13 X P = 10 psi E X 14 X X 15 X F P = 10 psi X x X Runoff Rate Measurements Time to Collect 1 X P = 10 psi G x # Time Gallon, Seconds X X X H P = 10 psi X X X X P = 10 psi I x X X X J P = 10 psi X d = 51 mm X X i = 6.02 in/hr Temp. 77 deg w c3 = 18.8% Hum. 79 % 11 d = 51 mm 12 i = 6.02 in/hr Average Depth: 51 mm 13 w c2 = 14.5% Avg Rainfall Intensity: 6.06 in/hr 14 Notes: 0 mph breeze. Approx 250 gal collected

21 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #1 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Water Wt., g Total Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.20 in/hr avg 15-May AVG = in/hr avg 0.00 Total Solids Lost: May AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: May AVG = Total Solids Lost: 42.22

22 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #2 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Water Wt., g Total Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.13 in/hr avg 15-May AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: May AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: May AVG = Total Solids Lost:

23 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Total Weight, g Decanted Weight, g Dry Weight, g Slope #3 - Sediment Concentration Bottle Weight, g Dry Sediment Weight, mg Total Water Wt., g Total Volume of Water, l Sediment Concentration, mg/l Runoff Sampling Time Time to Collect 1 gal Associated Runoff, gal Associated Sediment Conc, mg/l Associated Solids Loss, lbs 2.05 in/hr avg 15-May AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: May AVG = in/hr avg Total Solids Lost: May AVG = Total Solids Lost: 98.91

24 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min 15-May-15 Slope #1 Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 4.17 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 6.10 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx)

25 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min 15-May-15 Slope #2 Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associate d Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 4.09 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 6.06 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx)

26 Sample Number Test Time, minutes Time per Gallon, sec Interval Time, min 15-May-15 Slope #3 Total Time, min Collection Mid-Time, min Runoff Rate, gal/min Associated Runoff, gal Cumulative Runoff, gal in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 4.06 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx) 6.06 in/hr end Total Runoff (approx)

27 WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION Run #: Slope No Test Date: 15-May May May-15 Avg Moisture Content: 18.41% 18.26% 16.14% Location T-1 T-2 T-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 19.0% 18.4% 17.6% Location M-1 M-2 M-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 18.4% 18.6% 16.2% Location B-1 B-2 B-3 Wt. Of cup + wet soil, g Wt. Of cup + dry soil, g Wt. Of cup, g Wt. Of dry soil, g Wt. Of water, g Water Content, w% 17.9% 17.8% 14.6%

28 SLOPE #1 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 0.06 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 0.45 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Sediments, gal Sediments, gal Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 40.96

29 SLOPE #2 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 0.05 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Sediments, gal Typ. TSS in Decanted Runoff, lb/gal Sediments, gal Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs

30 SLOPE #3 - Sediment Weights Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 0.16 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs 0.46 Total Dry Sediments: in/hr Typ. TSS in Wt. Of pan + wet soil, lb Wt. Of pan + dry soil, lb Decanted Wt. Of pan, lb 0 Runoff, lb/gal Wt. Of dry soil, lb Wt. Of water, lb Water Content, w% 0.0 Total Wet Sediments, lb - Sediments, gal Sediments, gal Sediments, gal % dry solids Dry Sediments, lbs

31 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, 2015 Appendix APPENDIX B TEST SOIL Test Soil Grain Size Distribution Curve Compaction Curves Veneer Soil Compaction Verification

32 Percent Finer 3/25/ Plasticity (ASTM D 4318) Liquid Limit: 35 Plastic Limit: 29 Plastic Index: 6 Soil classifies as a clayey sand (SC) in accordance with ASTM D 2487 DDRF ASTM D 6459 Blended Test Soil ASTM D 6459 Target Loam Range Particle Size (mm) Corporate Laboratory: 9063 Bee Caves Road, Austin, TX / TEST / / sallen@tri-env.com Denver Downs Research Facility: 4915 Clemson Blvd., Anderson, SC / / jsprague@tri-env.com

33 Proctor Compaction Test 120 Project: DDRF 115 Sample No.: SLOPE COMPOSITE Test Date: March 25, Test Method: ASTM D Method A Dry Density (pcf) Maximum Dry Density (pcf): 99.2 Optimum Moisture Content (%): Moisture Content (%) James Sprague, 11/08/13 Tested by: J.E.Sprague The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material. TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, except in full, without prior approval of TRI Bee Caves Road Austin, TX (512) (512) TEST

34 Compaction Worksheet ASTM D 2937 Location: DDRF SLOPES Date:3/25/2014 Drive Cylinder: Dia., mm = 98 Length, mm = 127 Volume, ft 3 = Compaction Tube # Wt. of Wet Soil + Mold (g) Wt. of Mold (g) Wt. of Wet Soil (g) Moisture Content Tare Number B T M Wt. of Tare (g) Wt. of Wet Soil + Tare (g) Wt. of Dry Soil + Tare (g) Water Content, w (%) Wet density, ɣ wet = W' / V h (lb/ft 3 ) = Dry density, ɣ dry = ɣ wet / [1 + w] (lb/ft 3 ) = Max Std. Proctor Dry density (lb/ft 3 ) = Opt. Moisture (%) = Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 93.0% 94.0% 88.4% 89.6% 92.3% 92.2% Avg Compaction as % of Std. Proctor = 91.6% James Sprague, 3/25/14 Quality Review/Date Tested by: J.E. Sprague The testing herein is based upon accepted industry practice as well as the test method listed. Test results reported herein do not apply to samples other than those tested. TRI neither accepts responsibility for nor makes claim as to the final use and purpose of the material. TRI observes and maintains client confidentiality. TRI limits reproduction of this report, except in full, without prior approval of TRI Bee Caves Road Austin, TX (512) (512) TEST

35 Second Nature Wood Fiber PLUS / Enviro-Gold PLUS over Sandy Loam Slope Erosion Testing for NTPEP May 30, 2015 Appendix APPENDIX C RAINFALL DATA Raindrop Size Distribution Rainfall Calibration

36 % of Raindrops by Mass Raindrop Size Distribution November mm mm mm mm mm mm Rainfall Intensity, in/hr Target raindrop size and distribution (no more than 10 % greater than 6 mm (0.24 in.) and no more than 10 % smaller than 1 mm (0.04 in.)).

37 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 8:45 AM End Time: 9:00 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 11 mm 1 2 d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 12 mm 3 4 d = 11 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr C i = 1.73 in/hr X X d = 12 mm 5 6 d = 13 mm X X i = 1.89 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 7 8 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr E i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr G i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr H i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 12 mm d = 15 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 1.89 in/hr I i = 2.36 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 13 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 X d = 11 mm d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.89 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 95 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 1.98 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 94

38 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 4 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 9:15 AM End Time: 9:30 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 24 mm 1 2 d = 23 mm X i = 3.78 in/hr B i = 3.62 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 25 mm 3 4 d = 23 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 3.94 in/hr C i = 3.62 in/hr X X d = 26 mm 5 6 d = 25 mm X X i = 4.09 in/hr D i = 3.94 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 26 mm 7 8 d = 27 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr E i = 4.25 in/hr X X d = 27 mm 9 10 d = 27 mm X X i = 4.25 in/hr F i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 26 mm d = 26 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.09 in/hr G i = 4.09 in/hr X X d = 27 mm d = 27 mm X X i = 4.25 in/hr H i = 4.25 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 27 mm d = 25 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 4.25 in/hr I i = 3.94 in/hr X X d = 26 mm d = 26 mm X X i = 4.09 in/hr J i = 4.09 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 25 mm d = 25 mm X i = 3.94 in/hr i = 3.94 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 205 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 4.04 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 96

39 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 1 - Target 6 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 9:43 AM End Time: 9:58 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 37 mm 1 2 d = 36 mm X i = 5.83 in/hr B i = 5.67 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 37 mm 3 4 d = 38 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr C i = 5.98 in/hr X X d = 38 mm 5 6 d = 40 mm X X i = 5.98 in/hr D i = 6.30 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 38 mm 7 8 d = 39 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.98 in/hr E i = 6.14 in/hr X X d = 40 mm 9 10 d = 41 mm X X i = 6.30 in/hr F i = 6.46 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 38 mm d = 40 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.98 in/hr G i = 6.30 in/hr X X d = 37 mm d = 39 mm X X i = 5.83 in/hr H i = 6.14 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 37 mm d = 42 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 5.83 in/hr I i = 6.61 in/hr X X d = 36 mm d = 38 mm X X i = 5.67 in/hr J i = 5.98 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 36 mm d = 36 mm X i = 5.67 in/hr i = 5.67 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 300 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 6.01 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 96

40 DDRF Rainfall Calibration Slope 2 - Target 2 in/hr Date: 8-Nov-13 Start Time: 10:30 AM End Time: 10:45 AM Test Time: 15 min. (circle "x" for open valves) TOP OF SLOPE X X X X P = 9 psi A d = 11 mm 1 2 d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr B i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 3 4 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr C i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm 5 6 d = 13 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr D i = 2.05 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 13 mm 7 8 d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.05 in/hr E i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm 9 10 d = 14 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr F i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 14 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr G i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 14 mm d = 14 mm X X i = 2.20 in/hr H i = 2.20 in/hr P = 9 psi X X d = 14 mm d = 13 mm X X P = 9 psi i = 2.20 in/hr I i = 2.05 in/hr X X d = 13 mm d = 12 mm X X i = 2.05 in/hr J i = 1.89 in/hr P = 9 psi X d = 11 mm d = 12 mm X i = 1.73 in/hr i = 1.89 in/hr X Bottom Catch: 100 gal Inlet Pressure: 16 psi Average Wind: 0 mph Average Depth: 13 mm Average Rainfall Intensity: 2.05 in/hr Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient: 95