Use of Launched Soil Nails to Stabilize Landslides in Summit County, Ohio
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1 Use of Launched Soil Nails to Stabilize Landslides in Summit County, Ohio Mitchell W. Weber, P.G. Gannett Fleming Engineers & Architects, P.C. Greg Bachman, P.E., P.S. County of Summit Engineer Robert K. Barrett Soil Nail Launcher, Inc.
2 Project Location I-77 IR-271 IR-480 SR-8 IR-80
3 Geologic Setting NW part of Summit County lies within the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. Uplands and many slopes composed of End or Ground Moraine. 33% Sand, 34% Silt, 32% Clay Cuyahoga River valley and base of slopes composed of glacial-lacustrine lacustrine deposits. 0% Sand, 39% Silt, 60% Clay
4 Ohio Landslide Areas Ref: ODNR GeoFacts No. 8
5 Landslides Affecting NW Summit County Roadways N
6 Typical Slide Characteristics OBSERVED SLIDE TYPES Earth Slumps Earth Flows Earth Block Slides ft. Glacial Till (SM-SC) ± 46 ft. Glacial-Lacustrine (ML-CL)
7 Basal Lacustrine Deposit
8 Engineering Properties (Ref: ODNR GB-2, Field Trip 3, Table 2)
9 Slide Triggers Increased Driving Forces (IDF) Saturation. (above( average rainfall in 2003 & 2004) Toe undercutting by stream erosion. Lateral squeeze of basal lake deposit. Decreased Resisting Forces (DRF) Softening of basal clay through desiccation and wetting cycles.
10 Rain, Rain, Go Away The Memorial Day (2004) weekend rains triggered several landslides within the County, two resulted in immediate road or lane closures. By June 2004, Summit County had 9 slides that required immediate attention County forces were occupied with other storm damage clean up. County Engineer sought a good, fast, cheap solution.
11 Selection of Launched Soil Nails In consultation with GF and SNL, nine emergency landslides site were selected for remediation with launched soil nails.
12 Soil Nailing Consists of reinforcing the ground with closely spaced, passive inclusions (nails), to create in-situ a coherent gravity structure which results in an increase of the overall shear strength of the in-situ soil. Basic design concept - transfer the resisting tensile forces generated in the nails into the ground through the friction mobilized at the interfaces. Ref: FHwA SA R
13 Soil Nails Nails typically consist of : Steel bars or other metallic elements that resist tensile & shear stresses and bending moments. Soil nails are not prestressed but are closely spaced (e.g., one driven nail per 2.5 ft²,, one grouted nail per ft²) ) to provide an anisotropic apparent cohesion to the native ground. Ref: FHwA SA R
14 Suitable Ground Conditions Favorable Conditions Clays Sandy soils Weathered rock; talus slope deposits Heterogeneous and stratified soils Soil nailing is generally not practical in: Soft, plastic clays Organics/Peat Loose (N<10), low density and/or saturated soils
15 Launched Soil Nails
16 Launched Nail Advantages Effective Increases shear resistance while decreasing shear stresses. Unobtrusive Equipment can reach ± feet downslope. Articulating head facilitates working around trees and utility poles. Usually only shoulder or single lane closure required.
17 Launched Nail Advantages Fast Installation 10 nails/hour, 100 nails/day. Immediate Results No waiting for grout set. Single Process with small crew Performed by a laborer and a operator. Cost-effective Average range of $200 $400/lf of crown length.
18 Launched Soil Nails Soil Reinforcing Elements 1 -inch inch diameter, hollow steel tubes. 20-foot long. Perforated for drainage. Installed by a Proprietary Launcher Launcher mounted on an excavator. Has 360º mobility.
19 The Launcher
20 Typical Launched Soil Nail Application Launched Soil Nails 3 or 4-foot c-c 2-3 rows Slide Mass Failure Surface
21 Typical Launched Soil Nail Application Launched Soil Nails 3 or 4-foot c-c 2-3 rows Slide Mass Failure Surface
22 Launcher in Action
23 Revere Road Slip - Before
24 Revere Road Slip After
25 Highland Road Landslip Before
26 Highland Road Landslip After
27 Boston Mills Road - Before
28 Boston Mills Road - After
29 Columbia Road - Before
30 Columbia Road - Before
31 Columbia Road - After
32 Everett Road - Before
33 Everett Road - After
34 Slide Too Large
35 Summit County s Launched Soil Nail Statistics 11 sites have been nailed, repairing 1,000 lf of roadway. About 1,200 launched soil nails installed in less than a 4 week time frame. Cost of ± $480,000. County crews monitor repaired sites on monthly schedule, no renewed movement to date.
36 Design Resources FHwA-SA SA R USFS EM , 13, Volumes I III.
37 Q & A
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