1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart.
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1 1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart. 4. Which process involves either a physical or chemical breakdown of earth materials? A) deposition B) sedimentation C) weathering D) cementing 5. The block diagram below represents caves that developed in a region over time. The action of the root splitting the bedrock is an example of A) chemical weathering B) deposition C) erosion D) physical weathering 2. The diagram below shows a process called frost wedging. Frost wedging is an example of A) weathering B) cementing C) metamorphism D) deposition 3. Which property of water makes frost action a common and effective form of weathering? A) Water dissolves many earth materials. B) Water expands when it freezes. C) Water cools the surroundings when it evaporates. D) Water loses 334 Joules of heat per gram when it freezes. Which type of weathering was primarily responsible for the development of these caves? A) physical weathering of sandstone B) physical weathering of limestone C) chemical weathering of sandstone D) chemical weathering of limestone 6. Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering? A) freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk B) abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks C) grinding of talc into a powder D) dissolving of limestone by acid rain 7. Which particles will be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 5 cm/s? A) pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only B) sand, silt, and clay, only C) silt and clay, only D) clay, only
2 8. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section and data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The cross section shows the profile of a stream that is flowing down a valley from its source. Points A through E represent locations in the stream. The data table shows the average stream velocity at each location. The volume of water in the stream remains the same at all locations. What is the largest type of sediment that could be transported at location B? A) silt B) sand C) pebbles D) cobbles 9. Sediments found in glacial moraines are best described as A) sorted and layered B) sorted and not layered C) unsorted and layered D) unsorted and not layered
3 10. The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock near Oswego, New York. If no overturning of bedrock has occurred, which statement correctly explains the source of the boulders? A) The limestone was changed by contact metamorphism caused by a lava flow. B) The limestone bedrock formed under conditions of high heat and pressure. C) Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock that once covered the limestone eroded away, forming the boulders. D) The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestone bedrock by a glacier. 11. Large igneous boulders have been found on surface sedimentary bedrock in North Carolina. Which statement best explains the presence of these boulders? A) Sedimentary bedrock is composed of igneous boulders. B) Boulders were transported to the area by ice. C) The area has had recent volcanic activity. D) The area was once part of a large mountain range. 12. The composition of sediments on the Earth's surface usually is quite different from the composition of the underlying bedrock. This observation suggests that most A) bedrock is formed from sediments B) bedrock is resistant to weathering C) sediments are residual D) sediments are transported 13. A landslide is an example of A) river deposition B) glacial scouring C) mass movement D) chemical weathering 14. Unsorted, angular, rough-surfaced cobbles and boulders are found at the base of a cliff. What most likely transported these cobbles and boulders? A) running water B) wind C) gravity D) ocean currents 15. What change will a pebble usually undergo when it is transported a great distance by streams? A) It will become jagged and its mass will decrease. B) It will become jagged and its volume will increase. C) It will become rounded and its mass will increase. D) It will become rounded and its volume will decrease. 16. Which rock material was most likely transported to its present location by a glacier? A) rounded sand grains found in a river delta B) rounded grains found in a sand dune C) residual soil found on a flat plain D) unsorted loose gravel found in hills
4 17. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The block diagram represents a landscape that was produced by a meandering stream. One landscape feature is labeled X. Letters A, B, C, and D represent locations on the stream banks. Erosion is most likely greatest at locations A) A and B B) B and C C) C and D D) D and A 18. Which cross section best represents the valley shape where a rapidly flowing stream is cutting into the bedrock in a mountainous area? A) B) C) D)
5 19. The map below shows a meandering river. A A' is the location of a cross section. The arrows show the direction of the river flow. 20. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows a portion of a stream that flows southward. Letters A through E represent locations in the stream. Line XY is the location of a cross section. Which cross section best represents the shape of the river bottom at A A'? A) Which cross section along line XY best represents the shape of the stream bottom? A) B) B) C) C) D) D)
6 21. The map below represents a meandering stream flowing into a lake. A student measured water depths in the stream at three locations: A A', B B', and C C'. 22. The diagram below shows a meandering stream. Measurements of stream velocity were taken along straight line AB. Which graph best shows the relative stream Which set of cross sections best represents the velocities across the stream from A to B? stream bed at the three locations? A) B) A) B) C) D) C) D) 23. The diagram below shows a cross section of a river. Letters A, B, C, and D represent points in the river. At which point is the water most likely to have the greatest velocity? A) A B) B C) C D) D 24. Which agent of erosion most likely moves sediments in a sand dune? A) wind B) glaciers C) wave action D) running water
7 25. Base your answer to the following question on the reading passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Roche Moutonée A roche moutonée is a glacial landscape feature produced as an advancing glacier slides over a hill of surface bedrock. As the glacier advances up the side of the hill, the surface bedrock is abraded and smoothed by rock fragments carried within the base of the glacial ice, creating a more gentle hillslope. As the glacier advances down the opposite side of the hill, chunks of bedrock are broken off and removed by the ice, a process called glacial quarrying (plucking), making this side of the hill steeper. The resulting hill resembles a drumlin, except it is often smaller and is composed of solid rock. The formation of a roche moutonée by glaciers is best described as an example of A) chemical weathering B) physical weathering C) sediment deposition D) mass movement 26. Which diagram represents a side view of a sand dune most commonly formed as a result of the prevailing wind direction shown? A) B) C) D)
8 Answer Key Unit 3 Review (lunch) 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. C
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