African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY. Richard Pizzi, P.E. Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC

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1 African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY Richard Pizzi, P.E. Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC

2 SOIL NAIL WALL CONSTRUCTION

3 SOIL NAIL WALL CONSTRUCTION

4 SOIL NAIL WALL CONSTRUCTION

5 SOIL NAIL WALL CONSTRUCTION

6 SOIL NAIL WALL CONSTRUCTION NAIL INDIRECTLY LOADED IN TENSION ACROSS BOUNDARY. CRITCIAL SHEAR PLANE.

7 FOR WALL HEIGHT ~ 20 NAIL LENGTH ~ 75% - 80% X H WALL LENGTH ~18 12 NAILS TRIBUTARY AREA ~ 30 S.F. / NAIL HEIGHT, H ~20 6' c.c. SECTION ELEVATION NAIL LENGTH ~ 15 ea. 12 NAILS x 15 = 180 OF DRILLING OR A NAIL DENSITY OF ~ 10 OF DRILLING PER L.F. OF WALL

8 African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY Richard Pizzi, P.E. Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC

9 Larry Mike Paul GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC Chris Tom End 1 Rich David Dan Connor

10 African Meetinghouse 8 Smith Court Boston

13 Built in 1806 (Cost $7,500) Oldest Black Church Still Standing in the United States

14 2006 Restored to 1855 Appearance (Completed 2012) Cost $9.5 Million

15 End 2 Frederick Douglass Escaped Slave Leader in Abolitionist Movement Dazzling Orator 1860 Speech

16 MICROPILES TYPE 1 (>99%) Deep Foundation Elements Structural Elements Installed by Drilling (usually) Small Diameter (<= 12 inch Diameter) Directly Loaded Load Applied Near Ground Surface Penetrate Weak Strata Transfer Load to (deep) Bearing Strata

17 MICROPILE INSTALLATION WEAK STRATA Urban Fill Organic Soil Peat Very loose Sand Soft Silt or Clay BEARING STRATA Sand Sand & Gravel Glacial Till Stiff/Hard Clay Bedrock

18 MICROPILE INSTALLATION WEAK STRATA Urban Fill Organic Soil Peat Very loose Sand Soft Silt or Clay BEARING STRATA Sand Sand & Gravel Glacial Till Stiff/Hard Clay Bedrock

19 PLACE CORE ADD GROUT MICROPILE INSTALLATION WEAK STRATA Urban Fill Organic Soil Peat Very loose Sand Soft Silt or Clay BEARING STRATA Sand Sand & Gravel Glacial Till Stiff/Hard Clay Bedrock

20 MICROPILE INSTALLATION WEAK STRATA CASED SECTION Urban Fill Organic Soil Peat Very loose Sand Soft Silt or Clay BEARING STRATA UNCASED SECTION a.k.a BOND LENGTH Sand Sand & Gravel Glacial Till Stiff/Hard Clay Bedrock

21 MICROPILE INSTALLATION WEAK STRATA CASED SECTION Urban Fill Organic Soil Peat Very loose Sand Soft Silt or Clay BEARING STRATA UNCASED SECTION a.k.a BOND LENGTH Sand Sand & Gravel Glacial Till Stiff/Hard Clay Bedrock

22 MICROPILE DESIGN CASED SECTION CORE CASING CASED SECTION Casing + Core + Grout GROUT UNCASED SECTION UNCASED SECTION a.k.a BOND LENGTH CORE GROUT Core + Grout

23 MICROPILE DESIGN CASED SECTION CORE CASING CASED SECTION Casing + Core + Grout GROUT UNCASED SECTION UNCASED SECTION a.k.a BOND LENGTH CORE GROUT Core + Grout

24 CASED SECTION P A F : Casing + Core + Grout Bond Length UNCASED SECTION P A F : Core + Grout

25 CASED SECTION X Casing + Core + Grout UNCASED SECTION Bond Length X Core + Grout

26 CODE BASED DESIGN Most are ASD CASED SECTION core ) UNCASED (a.k.a BOND LENGTH or EMBEDMENT LENGTH) core ) is the smaller of : ,000 Massachusetts State and New York City Codes ,600

FHWA Micropile Design and Construction Reference Manual ( Also ASD) CASED SECTION 0.4 0.

27 FHWA Micropile Design and Construction Reference Manual ( Also ASD) CASED SECTION core ) is the smaller of : 87,000 (Strain Compatibility) UNCASED LENGTH core )

28 AASHTO Design Specifications (LRFD) CASED SECTION φ 0.85φ[ 0.85 core )] is the smaller of : 87,000 Φ = 0.7 for compression UNCASED LENGTH φ 0.85φ 0.85 core )] End 3

29 African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY Richard Pizzi, P.E. Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC

30 Reticulate / Reticulated? Adjective Re tic u late [Ri tik yuh lit] 1. Netted; Covered With a Network. 2. Netlike. Verb Re tic u lat ed [Ri tik yuh leyt] (Used with an object) 3. To Form Into a Network.

31 Pali Radicé [Italian trans. Root Piles ] Reticulated Root Piles : a network of micropiles

32 NETWORKED MICROPILES: TYPE 2 (<1%) (Reticulated Root Piles)

33 Column Cross Section Elevation View

34 ~20 ft.

35 FOR HEIGHT ~ 20 NAIL LENGTH ~ 75% - 80% X H TRIBUTARY AREA ~ 30 S.F. / NAIL HEIGHT, H 6.0' C.C. SECTION ELEVATION NAIL LENGTH ~ 15 ea. 12 NAILS x 15 = 180 OF DRILLING OR A NAIL DENSITY OF ~ 10 OF DRILLING PER LF. OF WALL

36 20 HIGH SOIL NAIL WALL NAIL LENGTH ~ 15 ea. 12 NAILS x 15 = 180 OF DRILLING NAIL DENSITY: ~ 10 DRILLING PER L.F. OF WALL A Row B Row C Row D Row Layout Plan Reticulated Pile Wall ~21 ft. Long ~20 ft. 20 HIGH RETICULATE PILE WALL PILE LENGTH ~ 25 ea. 42 PILES x 25 = 1050 OF DRILLING PILE DENSITY ~ 50 OF DRILLING PER L.F. OF WALL End 4

37 2006 Restored to 1855 Appearance (Completed 2012) Cost $9.5 Million

43 End 5

45 End 5

46 African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY Richard Pizzi, P.E. Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC

51 End 6

52 African Meetinghouse 8 Smith Court Boston

82 End 7

83 FUTURE OF TYPE 2 NETWORKED MICROPILES?? (Reticulated Root Piles) DESIGN BASED ON PREVIOUS PROJECTS PILE DENSITY TOO GREAT TOO COSTLY NO ACCEPTED DESIGN METHOD NO STANDARDS OF ANY KIND 3 D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS???

84 African Meetinghouse ACCESSING HISTORY Richard Pizzi, P.E. GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS, INC Special Thanks to Rick Wilhelmsen

Neutral Plane Method for Drag Force of Deep Foundations and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications

Neutral Plane Method for Drag Force of Deep Foundations and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Timothy C. Siegel, P.E., G.E., D.GE Dan Brown and Associates, PC, Knoxville, Tennessee USA Rich