Break Time. Cornell Short Course

Transcription

1 Break Time

2 Poor Plant Health

3 Root Depth & Soil Type

4 Active Root Zone The depth of soil containing the majority of feeder roots

5

6 } Soil type Basic infiltration rate (mm/hour) } Sand > 30 (1.2-4 in./hr.) } sandy loam ( in./hr.) } Loam (.4-.8 in/hr.) } clay loam 5 10 (.2-.4 in./hr) } Clay 1 5 ( in./hr.)

7 } How fast the system applies water } Measured in inches per hour (in./hr.) } Varies from station to station } Even varies within a station } Most system s precipitation rates exceed the infiltration rate

8 Formula: 96.3 x Q PR gross = A Where: PR gross = Gross precipitation rate (in./hr. Q = Flow of station (GPM) A = Area (sq. feet) 96.3 = Constant (Space\Time Continuum)

9 INCHES PER HOUR minutes 18 minutes Start Precipitation Rate 10 minutes 20 minutes SANDY LOAMY CLAY

10 } Amount of water held in the soil } Measured in inches of water per inch of soil in./in. } Excess water drains below roots } Storage per inch of soil varies by texture

11 } The turf is not dormant, or restin IT S DEAD! } It is acceptable to occasionally let the plants in a landscape wilt This is defined as the Occasional Wilting Point Extended drought conditions move a plant beyond occasional wilting towards the Permanent Wilting Point

12 } Amount of water stored in the active root zone Formula: PAW = AW x RZ Where: AW = Available Water (in. of water/in. of soil) RZ = Average Depth of Root Zone (inches) Example: For loam soil with 7 RZ PAW = 0.17 in./in. x 7 in. = 1.19 in.

13 } % Of PAW taken out of soil } % Removed; Not % remaining } Varies by soil type and plant species } Determines the amount of drought stress the plant will incur } MAD allows for a safety buffer Broken mains? Controller downtime?

14 } A factor used to adjust the plant water use amount } Based on experiments on turf water use that define the limits of stress that can be applied to turf } Represent a percentage of water that can be subtracted from ET without affecting the health or appearance of the turf

15 } The amount of water that is used by the plants between irrigation Formula: AD = PAW X MAD Where: PAW = Plant Available Water MAD = Management Allowed Depletion Example: AD = 1.19 x 0.50 = = 0.60 inches

16 PAW 1 in.

17 } Amount Rainfall Stored Rootzone } Fraction Due to Evaporation, Runoff } If Less Than 0.25, Use 0.00 } Use 2/3 s of Amounts Greater Than 0.25

18 } Water Savings = Money Savings } Healthier Turf } Reduced Chemical Use - Cleaner Environment } Less Strain on Distribution Systems

19 } Based on Average Monthly Conditions } Number of Days to Irrigate } Number of Minutes to Irrigate } Number of Repeat Cycles } Base Schedule Must Be Updated at Least Monthly to Reflect Irrigation Frequency Changes

20 } Shaded part or most of day, courtyard, north building - LOW ( ) } No influence from buildings, wind, slope etc. - AVERAGE (1.0) } South face, high wind, slopes, parking lot - HIGH (1.0+)

21 } Identify Equipment Problems } Determine Actual System Performance Based on Uniformity Tests } Adjust Run Times According to Season } Fine Tune Stations to Exposures } Trim Back System to Minimize Water Use

22 POOR UNIFORMITY Depth of Water GOOD UNIFORMITY (NEVER PERFECT) Depth of Water

23

24

25 Improper Pressure

26 Sunken or Blocked Sprinklers

27 Existing Schedules

28 Weeping Valves

29 Mismatched Sprinklers

30 Wind Distortion

31 Misaligned Sprinklers

32

33 Check Sprinkler Spacing

34 Description: 152 ac. 7 Sites Pre-Audit Water Use = 825,418 ccf (149.6 in.) Post-Audit Water Use = 694,695 ccf (125.9 in.) Water Saved = 130,723 ccf ( 23.7 in.)

35 } Value of Water Saved 130,723 ccf X $0.46/ccf = $60,132 } Cost of Audits 152 ac. X $50/ac. = <$7,600 > } Net Savings $60,132-7,600 = $52,532

36 } Equipment selection } Proper Scheduling } Sensors

37 Larger water droplets for consistent performance - even in windy conditions Effective close-in watering without seed washout Uniform distribution over the entire radius

38 } Up to 40% water savings } Mid-range Rotors-45-55PSI } Athletic/Commercial rotors PSI

39 } Act as a throttle for irrigation systems with 2- way communication between PC and system } Weather monitoring for time adjustments } Flow monitoring for for predefined parameters

40 } 24/7 system monitoring and Feedback } Flow management } Multiple (>500) stations per site } Multiple (>100) simultaneous valves } Multiple sensor inputs } SEEF- Search for and Eliminate Excessive Flows } Map Import } Alarms } Weather stations, ET, Cycle and Soak, Water Window

41 } Electromagnetic pulse technology } Digital processing to controller } Measures soil temperature and soil conductivity } Averaging 35% water savings on test sites