The Cycling of Matter. Day 1

Transcription

1 The Cycling of Matter Day 1

2 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates and evaporates through the various sphere of Earth. I will learn nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus cycle between Earth s sphere.

3 Key Terms Rock Cycle Water Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

4 The Rock Cycle

5 The Rock Cycle Rock Cycle takes millions of years to cycle Rock cycle consist of the processes by which rocks change from one form to another. Geologic processes include: melting, cooling, cementation, heat, pressure, weathering, and erosion weathering- process by which rock is broken down by wind, water, and temperature changes erosion- is the process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transport parts of the weathered rock from one location to another

6 Pathways in the Rock Cycle rocks follow many different pathways in the rock cycle igneous rocks become sedimentary rocks when exposed to weathering and erosion under intense pressure and heat igneous rock becomes metamorphic rock The cycle a rock follows is determined by the forces that act on the rock

7 Forces that Change Rock location determines the forces that act on the rock At the surface- rock is exposed to weathering and erosion (wind and water) and may become sedimentary deep inside earth- rock is exposed to heat and pressure and may become igneous or metamorphic rock

8 Classes of Rocks Geologist categorize all rocks into three major classes sedimentary form when rocks break into smaller pieces and those cement together igneous forms from hot liquid rock called magma then cools and becomes solid metamorphic form when rock is changed because of chemical processes (or changes) in temperature or pressure. Classes are based on how the rock forms

9 Sedimentary Rock Divided into three categories clastic sedimentary rocks made of fragments of rock or minerals. Before they are cemented together these rocks form from rocks or minerals called sediment. form when sediments are buried, put under pressure, and cemented together by minerals (such as calcite and quartz) chemical sedimentary rock form when minerals crystallize from a solution, such as ocean water organic sedimentary rocks form when the shells and skeletons of dead marine animals are buried and cemented by calcite or quartz

10 Igneous Rock Divided into groups based on the texture of the rock or the size of the crystals in the rock Coarse-grained rocks are made or large crystals formed by magma that slowly cools deep inside earth Fine- grained rocks are made of small crystals formed by lava that erupts at the earth s surface and quickly cools. Classified by chemical composition determined by where the initially melts to form magma Magma from melted crushed material forms light-colored igneous rock Magma from Earth s mantle forms dark-colored igneous rocks

11 Metamorphic Rocks formed from other rocks as a result of intense heat, pressure, or chemical processes. most metamorphic changes happen deeper than 2km (or 6561 feet) below the crust The these depths pressure and temperatures are greater than the surface Two types minerals of foliated metamorphic rock- such as gneiss minerals of non foliated metamorphic rock- such as marble

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13 Things to do Classwork Recreate the Rock Cycle in Figure 2. be sure to clearly mark and explain each step of the cycle Homework Use figure 2 to answer the following questions: What processes can cause a metamorphic rock to change to a sedimentary rock? What happens to change a metamorphic rock to an igneous rock? Which processes can change a sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock? Assessment Key Terms 11/10 Section 11/12

14 The Cycling of Matter Day 2

15 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates and evaporates through the various sphere of Earth. I will learn nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus cycle between Earth s sphere.

16 Key Terms Rock Cycle Water Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

17 The Water Cycle

18 The Water Cycle Water Cycle is the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, the land, and the oceans. The Sun is the major source of energy that powers this cycle Energy from the sun heats the water on earth- which causes a change in state.

19 Steps of the Water Cycle 1. Transpiration- is released into the air through pores on the leaves of plants a. Water vapor (evaporation is the process in which liquid water changes into gaseous water vapor) 2. Condensation- the change from water vapor into liquid water droplets a. Air that contains water vapor cools then it changes form water vapor into liquid water droplets that form clouds. 3. Precipitation- such as rain a. When water droplets become large enough, they fall back to earth as precipitation

20 Pathways of the Water Cycle most precipitation falls directly into the ocean never reaching the earth's surface precipitation that does reach the land surface fills lakes, streams, and rivers that eventually return to the ocean. water that moves over land surface is called runoff gravity can move water down through spaces in rock or soil

21 Things to do Classwork Recreate the Water Cycle in Figure 4. be sure to clearly mark and explain each step of the cycle Homework Use figure 3 and today's notes to answer the following questions: What is the major source of energy for the water cycle? Assessment Key Terms 11/10 Section 11/12

22 The Cycling of Matter Day 3

23 Objective I will learn the rock cycle is the series of processes in which rock changes from one form to another. I will learn in the water cycle, water condenses, precipitates and evaporates through the various sphere of Earth. I will learn nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus cycle between Earth s sphere.

24 Key Terms Rock Cycle Water Cycle Carbon Cycle Nitrogen Cycle

25 The Carbon Cycle Carbon is an element that cycles through the Earth System Carbon is part of the proteins, fats, and carbohydrates in living things as well as the atmosphere, water, land, and remains of living things. The cycling of carbon through the Earth is called the Carbon Cycle

26 Short Term Processes To build plant material the plants use energy from the sun (carbon dioxide or CO 2 ) and water. Animals eat plants and plant energy is transferred to the animal. When the animal breaks the the food the CO 2 is released to the air The the CO 2 is reused by plants When living things die other organisms break down the remains causing decomposition

27 Long Term Process it s a slower process some remains from living things are buried before they decompose (their bodies change as they are compacted (or smushed) for years. This process can form rocks (like limestone) and fossil fuels (such as coal, gas, and oil). Combustion is when humans burn these fuels and carbon returns to the atmosphere as CO 2

28 The Nitrogen Cycle Circulation of Nitrogen through the Earth s spheres is called the Nitrogen cycle Nitrogen is important for all living things Consumed by plants and organisms when living things decompose, nitrogen from their body goes back into the soil

29 The Phosphorus Cycle Like the Carbon and Nitrogen Phosphorus is found in living things also can be found in soil, rock, and water

30 Other Cycles in Nature Each cycle is connected to another in many ways when a living thing dies, every substance in its body is recycled. Many nutrients pass from soil to plants to animals and back. Living things play an important part in each of the cycles and depend on other cycles for survival.

31 The Carbon Cycle- Assignment Cycling of carbon can be a quick process. For example, as animals break down food, carbon dioxide is released and can quickly be taken back up by plants. But carbon cycling can also be a slow process. Carbon from decaying plants and animals changes to fossil fuels over millions of years. Using your notes, determine which processes take days, months, years, decades, centuries, or even much longer.

32 Things to do Homework Section Review p. 111 # 1-4 Assessment Key Terms 11/10 Section 11/12