CLASS III CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT SOUTHEAST CORRIDOR LIGHT RAIL EXTENSION

Transcription

1 CLASS III CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY OF REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION DISTRICT SOUTHEAST CORRIDOR LIGHT RAIL EXTENSION DOUGLAS COUNTY, COLORADO John F. Hoffecker Historic Preservation Consultants 7876 South Niagara Way Centennial, Colorado Prepared for Pinyon Environmental Engineering Resources, Inc West Jewell Avenue Lakewood, Colorado January 2010

2 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Abstract A Class III cultural resources survey was undertaken of areas that would be affected by the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension Project (Regional Transportation District [RTD]). The project area is located in Douglas County in 6 th P.M. T6S, R67W, Sections 10, 14, 15, 22, and 23. An Area of Potential Effect (APE) was defined for the proposed corridor route and stations as 50 meters (approximately [~] 162 feet) from the centerline and from the boundaries of the proposed stations. Records of previous cultural resource surveys and recorded sites and isolated finds were reviewed at the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (OAHP) at the Colorado Historical Society (SHPO). As a result of the file search, it was determined that approximately 75percent of the APE had been subject to previous survey. An intensive field survey of the APE was performed on 30 December 2008, and followup fieldwork was undertaken in March and December A total of three previously recorded sites, including two prehistoric sites (5DA.1000 and 5DA.1538) and one historic ranch (5DA.1753), and four previously reported prehistoric isolated finds (5DA.1544, 5DA.1545, 5DA.1752, and 5DA.2298) were identified within or in close proximity to the APE. As a result of the field survey, one new prehistoric site (5DA.2700) and two new isolated finds (5DA.2701 & 5DA.2702) were recorded within the APE. A new segment of the Arapahoe Canal (5DA ) also was recorded within the APE. Prehistoric site 5DA.1000 and the Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753) are formally determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The newly recorded sites and isolated finds do not appear to meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the NRHP. It appears that the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension would not have adverse effects on any historic properties (i.e., cultural resources listed on or eligible for the NRHP). 2

3 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract 2 Introduction 5 Environment 7 Culture History & Previous Work 10 Field Methods 14 Results 14 Evaluation and Recommendations 18 References Cited 18 Map of Site Locations 21 Site Forms following page 21 3

4 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County PROPOSED RTD SOUTHEAST CORRIDOR LIGHT RAIL EXTENSION 6 th P.M. T 6S, R 67W, Sections 10, 14, 15, 22, 23 USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles 4

5 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County INTRODUCTION A Class III cultural resources survey was undertaken of areas that would be affected by the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension Project (RTD). The project area is located in Douglas County in 6 th P.M. T6S, R67W, Sections 10, 14, 15, 22, and 23. The proposed corridor extension and associated facilities would affect a total of 36.6 acres. The latitude of the site is approximately 39º N and the longitude is 104º W. Elevation above sea level averages roughly 6,000 feet. SKY RIDGE STATION LONE TREE CITY CENTER STATION RIDGEGATE PARKWAY STATION Figure 1. USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle (Parker/Highlands Ranch) section showing the location of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension. APE shown in yellow. Proposed Project. RTD proposes to extend the Southeast Corridor Light Rail line from its current terminus at Lincoln Station to the south side of RidgeGate Parkway in Lone Tree. The Light Rail alignment would maintain a double-track configuration along the 2.3-mile extension. The 5

6 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County alignment would extend along the west side of the I-25 corridor from Lincoln Station to Sky Ridge Ave, cross over the Interstate highway, and continue along the east side of the I-25 corridor to the south side of RidgeGate Parkway. The allotment of storage track currently south of Lincoln Station would be duplicated at the new end-of-line station, allowing three trains (four cars each) to be stored at any given time. At all four major road crossings along the proposed extension, the tracks would be grade separated. At Lincoln Avenue, I-25, and Sky Ridge Avenue, the alignment would be elevated on bridges. At RidgeGate Parkway, the Light Rail tracks would pass under the roadway. The alignment would be grade-separated at two additional road crossings in the RidgeGate development east of I-25. The extension would maintain an at-grade configuration through most of the proposed Lone Tree City Center, an area designated for future development. The alignment would be configured at-grade at the access road immediately east of the proposed Sky Ridge Station. RTD proposes to construct three new stations as part of the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension: (1) Sky Ridge Station would be located immediately north of Sky Ridge Avenue, across from the Sky Ridge Medical Center. The station would be constructed at grade with a sideside platform. It would include two Kiss-n-Ride drop-off areas along Sky Ridge Avenue and a future local street; (2) Lone Tree City Center Station would be situated in the core of the RidgeGate Planned Development and constructed at grade with side-side platforms; and (3) end-of-line station at RidgeGate Parkway would include Kiss-n-Ride drop-off and bus transfer areas near the platform. The platform itself would be a sidecenter configuration owing to the single-sided access from the east. This station would also include a parking facility for 2,000 cars (see Figure 1). At the present time, RTD has not identified a basis for formal consultation with the Colorado SHPO under the provisions of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) (e.g., federal funding) for the proposed extension of the Southeast Corridor Light Rail system. However, RTD has determined that the standard procedures for inventory and evaluation of historic properties, as well as assessment of effects to historic properties, will be followed in order to evaluate the environmental effects of the proposed action. Area of Potential Effect (APE). For the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, the APE was defined as extending 50 meters (approximately 162 feet) in both directions from the centerline of the proposed route, as well as 50 meters from the footprint of all associated facilities (e.g., stations). The APE also includes the land parcel containing the Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753), comprising a ranch house, 6

7 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County barn, silo, and eight other associated structures. Although the Schweiger Ranch lies more than 50 meters east of the proposed centerline, the visual setting of this property would be affected by the construction and operation of the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, and it is therefore included in the definition of the APE. The APE boundaries are shown in yellow on Figure 1. In order to inventory and evaluate cultural resources that would be affected by the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension: (1) records of previous surveys and inventoried properties were reviewed, and (2) a field survey of the APE was performed by a person meeting the Secretary of the Interior s professional qualifications standards in (a) history and (b) archaeology (36 CFR 61: Appendix A). All records for the township and range sections within the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension were accessed online through the Compass system. On 3 November 2008, the Principal Investigator visited OAHP offices to obtain records not available online. Subsequent follow-up visits to OAHP were made to obtain additional site forms and reports. A field survey of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension APE was conducted by the Principal Investigator on 30 December Pedestrian transects were walked along the proposed Light Rail route spaced at intervals of approximately 20 meters (60 feet). Areas of heavy past disturbance (e.g., I-25) were not surveyed. Weather conditions were suitable for surface survey with high visibility and an almost complete absence of snow cover. Ground surface visibility was variable, depending on vegetation and prior disturbance. In most areas, visibility was roughly 25% but in some areas it was significantly higher. Follow-up visits to the project area were made in March and December 2009 to collect additional information. ENVIRONMENT Topography and Climate. The topography of the project area is characterized by rolling hills covered primarily by short-grass prairie vegetation. Elevation above mean sea level averages 6,000 ft for the project area as a whole. Drainage is provided by Happy Canyon Creek and Cottonwood Creek. The climate in the area is of the high interior continental type, and the general characteristics include low precipitation, low average humidity, variable winds, and relatively wide temperature range (Larsen 1974: ). The average annual precipitation is 13.4 inches (recorded at 7

8 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Parker for ); winter is the driest part of the year. Average annual daily maximum and minimum temperatures (recorded at Parker) are 63.4 o F (degrees Fahrenheit) and 30.9 o F, respectively (Larsen 1974: Table 11). Geology and Soils. The northern portion of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route would be constructed on deposits of Pleistocene loess (eolian origin), which represent surficial sediment throughout the portion of the route that lies west of I-25, as well as the northernmost portion of the segment on the east side of I-25. It is composed of pale brown to grayish-red fine eolian silt and clay commonly mixed with fine sand and overlies Louviers Alluvium (pebbly sand and silty clay), which also is of Pleistocene age (Maberry and Lindvall 1972). Across the southwest quadrant of Section 14, the proposed route would traverse surface exposures of the upper part of the Slocum Alluvium, composed of sand and silty clay overlying bouldery gravels. In the region, both eolian and alluvial deposits of Pleistocene age (especially the alluvial) have yielded sub-fossil vertebrate remains (see Hunt 1954). The Slocum Alluvium also contains abundant petrified wood, apparently redeposited from the older pre-quaternary units in the region (Maberry and Lindvall 1972). Along the northwestern quadrant of Section 23, the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route would overlie surface and near surface deposits of the upper part of the Dawson Arkose (Paleocene). Locally, this unit is composed of interbedded olive claystone and sandstone that are covered with a thin layer of unconsolidated surficial sediment (Maberry and Lindvall 1972). Immediately to the west of this segment of the proposed route are bedrock exposures of the Denver Formation (Paleocene), composed of gray and grayish-brown claystone, which contains abundant plant fossils. (Maberry and Lindvall 1972). The northern segment of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension would be primarily situated on Fondis clay loam on 3-9% slopes, which is described as a well-drained soil that forms on eolian sediment that often overlies arkosic bedrock. The topsoil typically comprises a grayish-brown clay loam ~18 cm thick), while the upper subsoil is composed of brown/ grayish-brown and light yellowish-brown clay, and the lower subsoil is a calcareous sandy clay loam (Larsen 1974: 16-17). Much of the southern segment of the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route would traverse areas where the soil is mapped as Bresser sandy loam on 3-9% slopes, which represents a well-drained soil that tends to form on sandy sediment of eolian or alluvial origin. The surface layer is typically ~12 cm thick grayish-brown sandy loam; the subsoil (~65 cm thick) is composed of dark grayish-brown sandy loam and light olive-brown and brown sandy clay loam (Larsen 1974: 7-8). 8

9 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Flora and Fauna. In the steeper locations, scrub oak and other woody plants occur. Cottonwood trees are intermittently located along existing drainage channels. The southern portion of the study area has been less directly affected by development and contains remnants of native shortgrass prairie, including grama (Bouteloua spp.), wheatgrass (such as Agropyron spp.), needlegrass (Stipa spp.), and dropseed (Sporobolus spp.). Common shrubs include sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) and rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus spp.). These areas also include milkvetch (Astragalus sp.), cactus (Opuntia sp.), Yucca species, fringed sage (Artemisia frigida), and wild rose (Rosa sp.). There are also a variety of introduced species (such as Bromopsis sp.); weedy species such as knapweed (Acosta spp.), cheatgrass (Bromus [Anisantha] tectorum), and thistle (Carduus sp., Breea sp.); and others associated with disturbed areas such as clover (Melilotus spp.), prickly lettuce (Lactuca spp.), ironweed (Bassia sp.), goosefoot (Chenopodium sp.), bindweed (Convolvulus sp.), and cocklebur (Xanthium sp.). Figure 2. Topography and vegetation in the project area, western half of Section 14, looking northwest (with I-25 in center). Photographed on 30 December Mammals in the project area include coyote (Canis latrans), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus sp.), striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis), fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), and rodents such 9

10 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County as deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). Birds include robin (Turdus migratorius), grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), magpie (Pica hudsonia), northern flicker (Colaptes auratus), starling (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and pigeon (Columba livia). Land Use. The project area was formerly used for cattle grazing, keeping the vegetated cover primarily grasses and forbs. West of I-25, much of this native vegetation, along with the natural topography, has been altered by the construction of commercial office buildings and the Sky Ridge Medical Center. Roadways represent a major aspect of recent land use within the project area, including I-25 (highway and access ramps), Lincoln Avenue, and RidgeGate Parkway. Environmental Constraints. Many portions of the APE have been heavily disturbed by road construction, especially along the I-25 corridor and RidgeGate Parkway. Ground surface visibility is generally high throughout the survey area, typically averaging roughly 25% due to past disturbance and sparse vegetation cover, but is significantly higher (greater than (>) 50% in some areas (see Figure 2). CULTURE HISTORY & PREVIOUS WORK Culture History. The prehistory of mid-latitude North America is typically divided into several major stages or periods that reflect a now largely abandoned 19 th -century cultural evolution perspective on humankind. These stages or periods encompass a time-frame that extends from approximately 13,000 calibrated radiocarbon years before present (cal BP) to ca. AD 1500 (or the beginning of the period of contact between Native Americans and Europeans). Each prehistoric period is subdivided into sub-stages and the latter are identified in the archaeological record on the basis of diagnostic artifact forms (primarily stone and ceramic artifacts) (e.g., Stone 1999). Some but not all major prehistoric periods are represented at archaeological sites in the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension project area. In Northeast Colorado as in other parts of the Central High Plains, the Paleoindian period (13,000-8,000 cal BP) is associated with mobile foraging groups and hunting of extinct large mammals, followed by a focus on early Holocene bison. Diagnostic stone artifact forms include various types of lanceolate projectile points. Several major Paleoindian sites are located along the South Platte River north of Denver (Cassells 1997: 58-84). A late Paleoindian occupation dating to ca. 9,000 cal BP is 10

11 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County located approx. 10 miles west of the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension project area at Lamb Spring (5DA.83) (Stanford et al. 1981). The Archaic stage or period (8, years BP) in Northeast Colorado represents a long interval of mobile foraging economies prior to the appearance of ceramics in the region. Diagnostic artifacts comprise a variety of stone projectile point types; grinding stones also are found in Archaic sites (e.g., Cassells 1997: ). Archaic occupation in the project area is reported at 5DA.381 (which yielded a Late Archaic point type and ground stone artifacts) located east of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route near Schweiger Ranch (Hand 2002: 10). Ceramic period (ca years ago) sites contain pottery (apparently derived from the Eastern Plains) as well as diagnostic projectile point types (see Stone 1999: 64-82). An Early Ceramic period cord-marked potsherd was recovered from 5DA.381 in the project area (Hand 2002: 10). Although diagnostic artifacts from the project area are rare, the distribution of sites and isolated finds around the mouth of Happy Canyon indicates relatively heavy use of the area during prehistoric times probably both during the Archaic and Ceramic periods. The occupants of these sites made heavy use of Dawson Petrified Wood for stone technology, as well as various cherts and quartzites. The period immediately preceding contact with Europeans is poorly represented in Northeast Colorado, possibly reflecting the effects of severe drought. During the Contact period, various Native American historic tribes occupied the region, including the Apache (prior to AD 1700), Comanche and Ute (ca. AD ), and Arapaho and Cheyenne (ca. AD ) (see Cassells 1997: ). Following a period of early exploration, a small number of Euro-Americans entered the region as fur-trappers and traders during the early 1800s, and several posts were established along the South Platte River at this time (Mehls 1984). The discovery of gold on lower Cherry Creek in 1858 brought a large number of gold-seekers into the area; the city of Denver was established immediately prior to the Civil War (Dorsett and McCarthy 1986). Passage of federal railroad and homesteading land acts during the war encouraged expanded settlement after 1865, and homesteads were established in the project area during the decade that followed. In the early 1870s, the Schweiger brothers constructed a homesteader cabin near the mouth of Happy Canyon immediately east of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route (Marmor 2002). The Schweigers subsequently built a ranch house (1884) and other buildings on the site (5DA.1753). 11

12 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Many irrigation canals and ditches were constructed in the Denver area during the late 1800s to facilitate crop production, and these included the Arapahoe Canal (5DA.1671), which was built in 1890 (now abandoned and partially destroyed); a portion of the canal was located west of the Schweiger Ranch and lies within the study area. Previous Work in the Project Area. Most of the affected area (less than 75% has been subject to previous field survey for cultural resources. Records and reports of previous surveys are maintained by the Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation OAHP at the Colorado Historical Society Colorado SHPO. A review of these records is necessary in order to assess the extent to which the affected area has been inventoried for both prehistoric and historic sites. In , the Colorado Archaeological Society undertook a survey of the Schweiger Ranch area and recorded more than 20 sites on both the east and west sides of the I-25 corridor (see Hand 2002: 4). Details of this survey are not available (including survey area boundaries) and no report is on file at OAHP. All of the sites reported during this survey appear to lie outside the APE for the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension. A small-scale field survey for Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) Maintenance Project M1-92-2a at milepost 191 on I-25 was performed in 1992, which yielded prehistoric site 5DA.974 (Jepson 1992). The site represents a prehistoric occupation of undetermined affiliation and age, although it contained some ground stone (possibly Archaic) in addition to (non-diagnostic) flakes of petrified wood, pink quartzite, and other raw material types commonly found in the region (Hand 1999a). The site was tested in 1999 and formally determined not eligible for the NRHP; it falls outside the APE of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension. In 1993, CDOT Project IM , which was originally focused on areas south of the proposed project location, was expanded to include the I-25 Surrey Ridge interchange (milepost 190) and Exit 191 (milepost 192). Survey of these areas yielded prehistoric site 5DA.1000 (Ridgegate Site), located at milepost 192 on a hilltop immediately east of the highway (Gambrill 1993; Hand 1999a). In 1997, CDOT conducted another survey in the project area for a proposed climbing lane between Lincoln Avenue and Happy Canyon Road (IM ) (Hand 1997). The intensive survey covered the entire 100-meter ROW with two pedestrian transects on each side of I-25 between mileposts 193 and 187. An isolated find (5DA.1099) was 12

13 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County recorded at milepost 190 (i.e., outside the project area), and the previously recorded prehistoric sites 5DA.974 and 5DA.1000 were revisited (Hand 1997: 11). As noted above, the former was tested in 1999 and determined not eligible for the NRHP; 5DA.1000 also was tested at that time and was determined eligible for the NRHP (Hand 1999a). A large-scale survey was performed along portions of several federal and state highways in Colorado for the Adesta Communications fiber optic system in 1999 (Sherman et al. 2000). This survey included ROW along I-25 within the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route project area (Sherman et al. 2000: xxviii) and two previously reported prehistoric sites (5DA.974 and 5DA.1000) were reevaluated in the course of this survey (Sherman et al. 2000: 21, Table 2). CDOT conducted a new survey in 1999 for proposed improvements to road segments between Lincoln Avenue and Castle Rock (Project IM ) (Hand 1999b); additional survey was performed after the design of this project was amended (Vickers 2000). These surveys resulted in the reevaluation of 12 previously recorded archaeological sites and 9 prehistoric isolated finds, and the discovery of 3 new prehistoric sites, 1 new historic archaeological site, and 13 new prehistoric isolated finds. Although most of these sites and isolated finds lie outside the APE of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, one prehistoric site (5DA.1538) and two prehistoric isolated finds (5DA.1544 and 5DA.1545) lie within the APE. These resources are described below. In 2002, CDOT also conducted a survey of the Ridgegate Parkway Interchange (Project CC M ), located on I-25 approximately 0.9 miles south of Lincoln Avenue (Hand 2002). Pedestrian transects spaced at 20-meter (60-foot) intervals were walked across the area of the proposed interchange. Five previously recorded sites were reevaluated, and two new prehistoric isolated finds were recorded (Hand 2002: 9-11). One of the isolated finds (5DA.1752) is located on the east margin of the APE southwest of Schweiger Ranch. During the same year, an inventory of the Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753) was conducted (Marmor 2002). A small-scale survey conducted in 2006 for a proposed wireless antenna tower and associated facilities near I-25 milepost 192 yielded a prehistoric isolated find (5DA.2298), consisting of an (undiagnostic) bifacially flaked tool and unretouched flake (petrified wood) (Hoffecker 2006). 13

14 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County FIELD METHODS For the purposes of this Class III cultural resources survey, an archaeological site was defined as a concentration of 5 or more artifacts and/or a feature that appeared likely to equal or exceed 50 years in age. An isolated find was defined as a concentration of less than 5 artifacts, including a single isolated artifact that appeared likely to equal or exceed 50 years in age (OAHP 1998). The proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension project area was subject to a 100% intensive pedestrian survey along transects spaced at intervals of approximately 2025 meters (6580 feet). Although transects generally were walked along a linear axis, areas of high ground visibility (i.e., reduced vegetation cover) received greater attention. All previously recorded sites in the APE were visited to assess their current condition. Any artifacts or other cultural resources observed during the survey that were not previously recorded were documented (with written and photographic records) as new sites or isolated finds. No shovel tests or other forms of subsurface testing were performed during the survey. (Shovel testing or other forms of subsurface sampling are typically employed during a Class III survey when surface indications of buried cultural resources are encountered.) No artifacts or other materials were collected during the field survey. During the survey, digital photographs of the survey area were taken to record topography, vegetation, ground visibility, and field conditions. RESULTS Previously Recorded Cultural Resources. A review of site records maintained at OAHP reveals that two prehistoric archaeological sites, one historic site, and four prehistoric isolated finds have been previously recorded in or immediately adjacent to the APE: 5DA.1000 Ridgegate (Prehistoric) Site The Ridgegate site is located on a low hilltop along the eastern margin of I-25 at milepost (Gambrill 1993; Hand 1999a); it may actually lie more than 150 feet west of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route, but is in close proximity to the latter. The area of the site is estimated at 350 by 300 feet. It comprises a diffuse surface lithic scatter including cores, biface fragments, and a mano fragment; raw materials include chert, quartzite, and petrified wood. Five small rock cairns composed of cobbles and small boulders were found arranged in an irregular linear pattern at the crest of the hilltop (Hand 2002: 11). 14

15 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Subsurface investigations of the site have yielded buried artifacts. 5DA.1000 is formally determined eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.1538 Prehistoric Site This site is located on the lower slope of a north-trending hill in the ¼ of Section 14 (Hand 1999b). It comprises a diffuse surface lithic scatter of more than 60 unretouhed flakes (petrified wood and quartzite), 2 cores (petrified wood), and 2 manos or grinding stones (sandstone). During the survey for the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, artifacts were observed on the upper (west-facing) slope, including 2 retouched items (undiagnostic) of petrified wood. This site is formally determined not eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.1544 Prehistoric Isolated Find A single unretouched flake (petrified wood), located on the crest of the same north-trending hill described above. Given the fact that artifacts were observed on the west-facing slope (described above) that apparently represent part of 5DA.1538, this isolated find might be considered part of the same large diffuse surface site. It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. Figure 3. Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753) looking east from the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route. 5DA.1545 Prehistoric Isolated Find A single unretouched flake (petrified wood), located roughly 500 feet east of I-25 in the NW ¼ of the SW ¼ of Section 14, lies more than 150 feet from the centerline of the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail 15

16 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Extension, but is in close proximity to the APE. It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.1752 Prehistoric Isolated Find A single retouched flake (petrified wood) located on the west side of Happy Canyon Creek, southwest of Schweiger Ranch (Hand 2002: 11). It is either on or close to the eastern margin of the APE. It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.1753 Schweiger Ranch Constructed by the Schweiger brothers in 1884 on land that they homesteaded in the early 1870s. The site occupies an area of 700 by 340 feet and comprises a Late Victorian style ranch house, barn, livestock shed, block masonry silo, chicken house, apiary storeroom, equipment shed, cistern, windmill, concrete-block walled garage, small shed, and mobile home (Marmor 2002) (see Figure 3). It is formally determined eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.2298 Prehistoric Isolated Find Located along the steep embankment on the eastern margin of I-25 at milepost 192, this Isolated Find (IF) comprised a bifacially worked stone tool and unretouched flake (both petrified wood). 5DA.2298 has apparently been destroyed by construction of a wireless antenna and associated equipment shelter at this location. Newly Recorded Cultural Resources. As a result of the field survey conducted for the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, four new cultural resources sites were recorded within the APE. One of the sites is a prehistoric archaeological site, one is a segment of the Arapahoe Canal, and the other two are prehistoric isolated finds (i.e., less than five artifacts were recorded at each locality). All of them appear to be not eligible for the NRHP. 5DA Arapahoe Canal Segment A small segment of the former Arapahoe Canal was recorded northwest of Schweiger Ranch. The canal was constructed in 1890 to carry water from Castlewood Dam to Clark Reservoir for irrigation. It originally followed the course of Happy Canyon Creek. The canal was abandoned many years ago and has been partially destroyed. The recorded segment near the APE extends approximately 1,000 feet and has been terminated at both ends by road construction. The canal is roughly five feet deep and 20 feet wide along this segment. The Arapahoe Canal has been formally determined not eligible for the NRHP on the basis of loss of integrity. 16

17 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County 5DA.2700 Prehistoric Archaeological Site Located 150 feet south of Lincoln Avenue on the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route, and occupying a low and relatively flat hilltop, this lithic scatter occupied an area of approximately 35 by 75 meters. It comprises several core fragments, possibly a crudely flaked biface, and more than 20 small and medium unretouched flakes of petrified wood and chert. The site failed to yield any diagnostic materials, and appears to have little or no potential for buried remains in primary context. It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. 5DA.2701 Prehistoric Isolated Find Located approximately 1800 feet south of Lincoln Avenue on the west side of I-25, where the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route turns east to cross the interstate. It contains 2 retouched flakes of quartzite. The location has been heavily disturbed by recent construction activities and the artifacts may be out of context. It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. Figure 4. A segment of the Arapahoe Canal (5DA ) within the APE for the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension route. Looking southeast from I-25 exit ramp. Photographed on 13 December

18 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County 5DA.2702 Prehistoric Isolated Find Located on a north-facing slope southeast of 5DA.1545 (see above) and within the APE for the proposed Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, approximately 800 feet east of I-25. It comprises a thick and crudely flaked biface fragment and unretouched flake (both petrified wood). It is recommended as not eligible for the NRHP. EVALUATION & RECOMMENDATIONS The APE for the proposed RTD Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension does not contain any prehistoric or historic archaeological sites that appear to meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion in the NRHP. The only possible exception to this is the Ridgegate prehistoric site (5DA.1000), which lies in close proximity to the APE and may be extend in part into the latter. However, this site has been mitigated by excavation (Hand 1999a), and largely, if not fully, destroyed by road construction. The remaining prehistoric archaeological resources that were either previously recorded, or recorded during the survey for the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension, comprise small surface lithic scatters or isolated finds, and a small segment of the Arapahoe Canal (5DA ). None of these sites or isolated finds appears to meet the eligibility criteria for the NRHP; in the case of the Arapahoe Canal, this is due to loss of integrity. The Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753), which has been formally determined eligible for the NRHP, is located in the Southeast Corridor Light Rail Extension APE. The proposed project would alter the visual setting of the Schweiger Ranch, which was built in 1884 and is associated with early agriculture in Colorado. However, it appears that the changes in visual setting would not affect those characteristics that render the property eligible for the NRNP, and the effects would therefore not be adverse. REFERENCES CITED Cassells, E. Steve 1997 The Archaeology of Colorado. Revised edition. Boulder: Johnson Books. Dorsett, L. W. and M. McCarthy 1986 The Queen City: A History of Denver. Second edition. Boulder: Pruett Publishing Co. 18

19 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Gambrill, Kenneth M Cultural Resources Report Addendum for Colorado Department of Transportation Project IM , El Paso County Line-North (former project number: CX ). Colorado Department of Transportation, Denver, Colorado. Hand, O. D An Intensive Cultural Resource Survey of a Proposed Climbing Lane on Interstate 25 South of Lincoln Avenue, Douglas County, Colorado. Prepared by Archaeological Unit, Colorado department of Transportation (October 1997). Hand, O. D. 1999a Test Excavations at Sites 5DA.974 & 5DA.1000, Douglas County, Colorado (IM ). Prepared by Archaeological Unit, Colorado Department of Transportation (February 1999). Hand, O. D. 1999b An Intensive Archaeological Resources Survey along Interstate 25 and US Highway 85 in Arapahoe and Douglas Counties, Colorado. Colorado Department of Transportation, Denver, Colorado. Hand, O. D An Intensive Archaeological Resource Inventory of the Interstate 25/Ridgegate Parkway Interchange, Douglas County, Colorado. Prepared by Archaeological Unit, Colorado Department of Transportation (March 2002). Hoffecker, John F Limited-Results Cultural Resources Survey Form for a Proposed Wireless Antenna Tower at Surrey North, Douglas County, Colorado. Prepared by Historic preservation Consultants (July 2006). Hunt, C. B Pleistocene and Recent Deposits in the Denver Area, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 996-C. Jepson, Daniel A Cultural Resource Survey along Interstate 25 South of Lincoln Avenue, Douglas County, Colorado (M1-92-2). Prepared by Archaeological Unit, Colorado Department of Transportation (September 1992). 19

20 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County Larsen, Lynn S Soil Survey of Castle Rock Area, Colorado. United States Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service in Cooperation with Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Washington D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Marmor, Jason 2002 Historical Assessment of the Schweiger Ranch Complex (5DA1753), Douglas County, Colorado. Balloffet-Entranco, Fort Collins, Colorado (March 2002). Maberry, John O. and Robert M. Lindvall 1972 Geologic Map of the Parker Quadrangle, Arapahoe and Douglas Counties, Colorado. U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-770-A. Mehls, Steven F The New Empire of the Rockies: A History of Northeast Colorado. Denver: U.S. Bureau of Land Management. OAHP (Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation) 1998 Isolated Find Record Instructions. Colorado Historical Society, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. September Copy available at Sherman, Stephen A., Tania R. Metcalf, Mary W. Painter, D. Chadwick Jones, and Christian J. Zier A Cultural Resources Survey of Interstates 25, 70, 225, and 270, U.S Highways 34 and 160, and State Highways 13 and 470, for the Proposed Adesta Communications Fiber Optic System, Colorado. Prepared by Centennial Archaeology, Fort Collins, Colorado (March 2000). Stanford, Dennis, Waldo R. Wedel, and Glenn R. Scott 1981 Archaeological investigations of the Lamb Spring site. Southwestern Lore 47(1): Stone, Tammy 1999 The Prehistory of Colorado and Adjacent Areas. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. Vickers, Rebecca D Survey Report Addendum for Colorado Department of Transportation Project IM , Lincoln Avenue to South Castle Rock (I-25 Frontage Road and Interchange Development). Colorado Department of Transportation, Denver, Colorado. 20

21 Class III Survey RTD SE Corridor Extension, Douglas County MAP OF SITE LOCATIONS RTD SOUTHEAST CORRIDOR EXTENSION 6 th P.M. T 6S, R 67W, Sections 10, 14, 15, 22, 23 5DA DA DA DA DA DA DA DA DA DA DA.1752 USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles 21

22 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1418 Linear Component Form Rev. 9/98 (page 1 of 2) This form should be completed for each linear resource or linear segment. Use this form in conjunction with the Management Data Form. Call OAHP staff ( ) prior to assigning a resource number. I. RESOURCE IDENTIFICATION 1. Resource Number: (include point number, if applicable): 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] 3. Resource Name: Arapahoe Canal 4. Record of: Entire resource Segment x II. RESOURCE DESCRIPTION 5. Resource Type: Road Railroad Ditch/Canal x Trail Other (specify): 6. Resource Description: This segment of the Arapahoe Canal extends approximately 1000 ft south of RidgeGate Parkway; at both ends, the segment has been terminated by recent construction activity (primarily road construction, including an off-ramp for I-25). The canal represents an earthen ditch that averages roughly 20 ft in width and roughly 5 ft in depth. The canal follows a linear route to the north and slightly eastward from the south end of the segment, and then curves towards the west, where it is terminated by road construction related to I Original use: irrigation Current use: abandoned and partially destroyed 8. Modifications (describe): none observed on this segment 9. Extent of Resource: This segment of the ditch extends approximately 1,000 ft (~300 m). 10. Associated Artifacts: There are no artifacts associated with this segment. 11. Associated Features or Resources: This segment of the Arapahoe Canal is associated with Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753).

23 Resource Number: Temporary Resource Number: 5DA [none] III. RESEARCH INFORMATION 12. Architect/Engineer: A. M. Wells Source of information/justification: Linear Component Form (page 2 of 2) Randall, S., T. Dixon, and P. Horan (1998) The Night the Dam Gave Way: A Diary of Personal Accounts. Franktown: Castlewood Canyon State Park. 13. Builder: Denver Water and Storage Co./Denver Colorado Irrigation Co./Denver Arapahoe Land Co. Source of Information: Marr, Josephine L. (1983) Douglas County: A Historical Journey. Castle Rock, CO. 14. Date of Construction/Date Range: 1890 Source of Information: [same as above] 15. Historical/Archival Data: The Arapahoe Canal was constructed in 1890 to carry water from Castle- Wood Dam to Clark Reservoir, located north of the Douglas County line, through Happy Canyon and the Schweiger Ranch. Roughly 250 workers constructed the canal. In 1933, Castlewood Dam broke, sending a 30-foot wall of water down Happy Canyon and causing substantial destruction of agricultural property. 16. Prehistoric Cultural Affiliation: N/A IV. MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 17. Eligibility of entire resource: Eligible Not eligible x Need data Is this an official (OAHP) determination? Yes No x Date 2007 Is this a field determination? Yes No Remarks/justification: The Arapahoe Canal lacks integrity due to abandonment, deterioration, and partial destruction. 18. Eligibility of the segment being recorded: Contributing Non-contributing Not applicable x Remarks/justification: 19. Recorder(s): John F Hoffecker 20. Date(s): January 2010 Colorado Historical Society Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO

24 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1400 Management Data Form Rev. 9/98 (page 1 of 4) The Management Data Form should be completed for each cultural resource recorded during an archaeological survey. Exceptions to this are isolated finds and re-evaluations, neither of which require a Management Data Form. Please attach the appropriate component forms and use continuation pages if necessary. 1. Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] 3. Attachments (check as many as apply) 4. Official determination (OAHP use only) Prehistoric Archaeological Component Determined Eligible Historic Archaeological Component Determined Not Eligible Historic Architectural Component Form Nominated Sketch/Instrument Map (required) Need Data x U.S.G.S. Map Photocopy (required) Contributing to NR Dist. x Photograph(s) Not Contributing to NR Dist. Other, specify: linear component form I. IDENTIFICATION 5. Resource Name: Arapahoe Canal 6. Project Name/Number: RTD SE Corridor Light Rail Extension 7. Government Involvement: Local x State x Federal Agency: Regional Transportation District (RTD) 8. Site Categories: Check as many as apply Prehistoric: archaeological site paleontological site in existing National Register District? yes no name Historic: archaeology site building(s) structure(s) object(s) in existing National Register District? yes no x name 9. Owner(s)'s Name and Address: RidgeGate Development (agent: Keith D. Simon, Park Meadows Drive, Suite 600, Lone Tree, CO 80124) 10. Boundary Description and Justification: The segment extends for approximately 1000 ft in length and averages roughly 20 ft in width. 11. Site/Property Dimensions: 300 m x 6 m Area: 1,800 m 2 ( 4047) 0.4 acres Area was calculated as: Length x Width x OR (length X width) X.785 rectangle/square ellipse II. LOCATION 12. Legal Location PM 6 th Township 6 S Range 67 W Section 23 NE 1/4 of NW 1/4 of NW 1/4 PM 6 th Township 6 S Range 67 W Section 23 SE 1/4 of NW 1/4 of NW 1/4 if section is irregular, explain alignment method:

25 Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] Management Data Form (page 2 of 4) 13. USGS Quad: Parker 7.5' x 15' Date(s): 1965/1994 (attach photocopy) 14. County: Douglas 15. Other Maps: 16. UTM Reference: Check your Datum! x NAD 27 NAD 83 A. 1 3 ; me mn B. 1 3 ; me mn C. ; me mn D. ; me mn 17. Address: Lot Block Addition 18. Location/Access: The site is accessed from RidgeGate Parkway, east of the I-25 underpass III. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 19. Topographic Feature(s) mountain ledge playa hill terrace/bench talus slope tableland/mesa canyon alluvial fan ridge valley plain saddle/pass basin dune alcove/rockshelter floodplain cliff cutbank x slope arroyo/gully 20. Site Topographic Description (mention named landforms): The site is located on a slope above Happy Canyon Creek. 21. Site Elevation: 6,000 feet =(x.3048) 1,829 meters 22. Aspect: east 23. Degree of Slope on Site: 3-9% 24. Soil Depth: 18 cm 25. Soil Description (character and color): Bresser sandy loam (3-9% slopes) 26. Depositional Environment: x Aeolian x Colluvial Residual Alluvial Moraine None Other, specify; 27. Nearest Water: name/nature: Happy Canyon Creek distance: 300 m 1000 ft. 28. Nearest Permanent Water: name: same as above distance: 300 m 1000 ft. 29. Vegetation on Site (list predominant species): short grasses, prickly pear, weedy forbs 30. Vegetation Associations/Communities Surrounding Site: cottonwood, short grasses, weedy forbs

26 Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] IV. NATIONAL/STATE REGISTER ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT Management Data Form (page 3 of 4) 31. Context or Theme: early agriculture and irrigation in northeast Colorado 32. Applicable National Register Criteria: x Does not meet any of the below National Register criteria A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history; or B. Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory; or Qualifies under exceptions A through G. Level of Significance: National State Local 33. Condition a. Architectural/Structural b. Archaeological/Paleontological Excellent Undisturbed Good Light disturbance Fair Moderate disturbance Deteriorated Heavy disturbance x Ruins Total disturbance 34. Describe condition: This ditch has been abandoned and is no longer functioning; adjoining portions of. the canal have been destroyed by construction activity (primarily road construction) 35. Vandalism: yes no x describe: 36. National Register Eligibility Field Assessment: Eligible Not Eligible x Need Data Statement of Significance/N.R.H.P. Justification: The segment lacks integrity due to partial destruction. 37. Status in an Existing National Register District: N/A Contributing Non-Contributing 38. National Register District Potential yes no x discuss:

27 Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] V. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Management Data Form (page 4 of 4) 39. Threats to Resource: Water erosion Wind erosion Grazing Neglect Vandalism Recreation Construction x Other (specify): comments: 40. Existing Protection: None x Marked Fenced Patrolled Access controlled other (specify): 41. Local landmark designation: N/A 42. Easement: 43. Management Recommendations: no further work recommended VI. DOCUMENTATION 44. Previous Actions Accomplished at the site: a. Excavations: Test Partial Complete Date(s): b. Stabilization: Date(s): N/A c. HABS/HAER Documentation: Date(s) & Numbers: N/A d. Other: 45. Known collections/reports/interviews and other references (list): none 46. Primary Location of Additional Data: N/A 47. State or Federal Permit Number: Collection Authorized: yes no x Artifact Collection: Yes No x Artifact Repository: N/A Collection Method: Diagnostics Grab Sample Random Sample Transect Other (specify): 48. Photograph Numbers: PC PC Negatives filed at: Historic Preservation Consultants 49. Report Title: Class III Cultural Resources Survey of RTD Proposed SE Corridor Light Rail Extension 50. Recorder(s): John F Hoffecker Date(s): January Recorder Affiliation: Historic Preservation Consultants, Centennial, CO Phone Number: NOTE: Please attach a sketch map, a photocopy of the USGS quad. map indicating resource location, and photographs. Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation, 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO

28 Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] A 5DA B USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles

29 Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA : Arapahoe Canal segment, located northeast of Schweiger Ranch (5DA.1753), which is visible in background (left), looking southeast. Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 13 December 2009.

30 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1400 Management Data Form Rev. 9/98 (page 1 of 4) The Management Data Form should be completed for each cultural resource recorded during an archaeological survey. Exceptions to this are isolated finds and re-evaluations, neither of which require a Management Data Form. Please attach the appropriate component forms and use continuation pages if necessary. 1. Resource Number: 5DA Temporary Resource Number: [none] 3. Attachments (check as many as apply) 4. Official determination (OAHP use only) x Prehistoric Archaeological Component Determined Eligible Historic Archaeological Component Determined Not Eligible Historic Architectural Component Form Nominated Sketch/Instrument Map (required) Need Data x U.S.G.S. Map Photocopy (required) Contributing to NR Dist. x Photograph(s) Not Contributing to NR Dist. Other, specify: I. IDENTIFICATION 5. Resource Name: (none) 6. Project Name/Number: RTD SE Corridor Light Rail Extension 7. Government Involvement: Local x State x Federal Agency: Regional Transportation District (RTD) 8. Site Categories: Check as many as apply Prehistoric: archaeological site x paleontological site in existing National Register District? yes no name Historic: archaeology site building(s) structure(s) object(s) in existing National Register District? yes no x name 9. Owner(s)'s Name and Address: RidgeGate Development (agent: Keith D. Simon, Park Meadows Drive, Suite 600, Lone Tree, CO 80124) 10. Boundary Description and Justification: The site occupies an area of ~100 x 225 feet. The site boundaries are defined by the limits of the observed distribution of artifacts. 11. Site/Property Dimensions: 75 m x 35 m Area: 2,060 m 2 ( 4047) 0.5 acres Area was calculated as: Length x Width OR (length X width) X.785 x rectangle/square ellipse II. LOCATION 12. Legal Location PM 6 th Township 6 S Range 67 W Section 15 NW 1/4 of NE 1/4 of NE 1/4 PM Township Range Section 1/4 of 1/4 if section is irregular, explain alignment method:

31 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] Management Data Form (page 2 of 4) 13. USGS Quad: Parker 7.5' x 15' Date(s): 1965/1994 (attach photocopy) 14. County: Douglas 15. Other Maps: 16. UTM Reference: Check your Datum! x NAD 27 NAD 83 A. 1 3 ; me mn B. ; me mn C. ; me mn D. ; me mn 17. Address: Lot Block Addition 18. Location/Access: The site is accessed from the south side of Lincoln Ave, immediately west of the I-25 bridge III. NATURAL ENVIRONMENT 19. Topographic Feature(s) mountain ledge playa x hill terrace/bench talus slope tableland/mesa canyon alluvial fan ridge valley plain saddle/pass basin dune alcove/rockshelter floodplain cliff cutbank slope arroyo/gully 20. Site Topographic Description (mention named landforms): The site is located on a low hill that provides views in all directions, including west towards Willow Creek and east towards Cottonwood Creek. 21. Site Elevation: 6,000 feet =(x.3048) 1,829 meters 22. Aspect: southeast 23. Degree of Slope on Site: 3-9% 24. Soil Depth: 18 cm 25. Soil Description (character and color): Fondis clay loam 26. Depositional Environment: x Aeolian Colluvial x Residual Alluvial Moraine None Other, specify; 27. Nearest Water: name/nature: Willow Creek distance: 300 m 1000 ft. 28. Nearest Permanent Water: name: Cottonwood Creek distance: 500 m 1500 ft. 29. Vegetation on Site (list predominant species): short grasses, prickly pear 30. Vegetation Associations/Communities Surrounding Site: short grasses, prickly pear

32 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] IV. NATIONAL/STATE REGISTER ELIGIBILITY ASSESSMENT 31. Context or Theme: Management Data Form (page 3 of 4) 32. Applicable National Register Criteria: x Does not meet any of the below National Register criteria A. Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad pattern of our history; or B. Associated with the lives of persons significant in our past; or C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction; or D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in history or prehistory; or Qualifies under exceptions A through G. Level of Significance: National State Local 33. Condition a. Architectural/Structural b. Archaeological/Paleontological Excellent Undisturbed Good Light disturbance Fair Moderate disturbance Deteriorated x Heavy disturbance Ruins Total disturbance 34. Describe condition: The site has been disturbed by cattle grazing. 35. Vandalism: yes no x describe: 36. National Register Eligibility Field Assessment: Eligible Not Eligible x Need Data Statement of Significance/N.R.H.P. Justification: The site lacks any diagnostic material and appears to possess little or no potential for buried remains in primary context (based on what appears to be surface exposure of Louviers Alluvium [pre-late Pleistocene]) 37. Status in an Existing National Register District: N/A Contributing Non-Contributing 38. National Register District Potential yes no x discuss:

33 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] V. MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Management Data Form (page 4 of 4) 39. Threats to Resource: Water erosion Wind erosion x Grazing x Neglect Vandalism Recreation Construction x Other (specify): comments: 40. Existing Protection: None Marked Fenced x Patrolled Access controlled other (specify): 41. Local landmark designation: N/A 42. Easement: 43. Management Recommendations: no further work recommended VI. DOCUMENTATION 44. Previous Actions Accomplished at the site: a. Excavations: Test Partial Complete Date(s): b. Stabilization: Date(s): N/A c. HABS/HAER Documentation: Date(s) & Numbers: N/A d. Other: 45. Known collections/reports/interviews and other references (list): none 46. Primary Location of Additional Data: N/A 47. State or Federal Permit Number: Collection Authorized: yes no x Artifact Collection: Yes No x Artifact Repository: N/A Collection Method: Diagnostics Grab Sample Random Sample Transect Other (specify): 48. Photograph Numbers: P P Negatives filed at: Historic Preservation Consultants 49. Report Title: Class III Cultural Resources Survey of RTD Proposed SE Corridor Light Rail Extension 50. Recorder(s): John F Hoffecker Date(s): January Recorder Affiliation: Historic Preservation Consultants, Centennial, CO Phone Number: NOTE: Please attach a sketch map, a photocopy of the USGS quad. map indicating resource location, and photographs. Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation, 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO

34 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2700 USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles

35 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2700: looking northwest. Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 30 December DA.2700: core/hammerstone of poor quality gray chert. Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 19 March 2009.

36 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1401 Prehistoric Archaeological Component Form Rev. 9/98 (page 1 of 2) Use this form in conjunction with the Management Data Form. One of these forms should be completed for each cultural resource with a prehistoric component. 1. Resource Number 5DA Temporary Resource Number [none] 3. Site Type open-air lithic scatter 4. General Site Description: The site comprises a low-density lithic scatter distributed over an area of roughly 75 x 35 m on a low hill that affords a view in all directions, notably towards Willow Creek to the west and Cottonwood Creek to the east. The scatter contains unretouched flakes of raw material types including Dawson Petrified Wood, dark gray chert, banded black/red chert, brown chalcedony, and quartzite. Retouched items observed include a hammerstone/core (poor quality chert), possible crude biface (quartzite), and possible core fragment (petrified wood). Some of the unretouched flakes exhibit dorsal scars and/or cortex. No subsurface testing was performed and no evidence of features was observed. 5. Prehistoric Non-Architectural Features (note dimensions in meters): NONE Map Ref. Description Construction Material Dimensions 6. Prehistoric Architectural Features (note dimensions in meters): NONE Map Ref. Description Construction Material Dimensions

37 Resource Number: 5DA.2700 Temporary Resource Number: [none] Prehistoric Archaeological Component Form (page 2 of 2) 7. Artifact classes (flake, uniface, mano, scraper, etc.) Description Material Quantity Biface (?) (12 x 7.5 x 2.5 mm), crudely flaked quartzite 1 Core/hammerstone (11 x 9 x 6 cm) low-grade gray chert 1 Core fragment (?) (43 x 38 x 17 mm) gray banded chert 1 Flake/fragment (25 x 24 x 1.5 mm) petrified wood 1 Fragments (40 x 34 x 6 mm & 22 x 12 x 5 mm) petrified wood 2 Unretouched flakes--medium petrified wood 4 Unretouched flakes small petrified wood 2 Unretouched flakes small various lithologies (several) Fragment (16 x 8 x 4 mm) with flaking scars banded chert 1 The above artifact quantities reflect (check one) x total quantity of artifacts observed at the site only those artifacts which were collected extrapolated quantities based on a sample of the remains other, specify 8. Chronology A. Cultural Affiliation unknown Date N/A Dating Criteria B. Cultural Affiliation unknown Date N/A Dating Criteria 9. Depth of Cultural Deposits unknown (no subsurface deposits documented) Based on: cutbank auger shovel/trowel test road cut other 10. Activities inferred from the remains core reduction and curation/retouching of lithic artifacts; the topographic setting of the site indicates that it may have been used as an over-look 11. Is this site likely to yield information important in prehistory? Yes No x If yes, identify research domains and supporting data 12. Recorder(s) John F Hoffecker Date(s) January 2010 Colorado Historical Society - Archaeology & Historic Preservation 1300 Broadway Denver, CO

38 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1408 Isolated Find Record Rev. 9/98 I. IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION 1. Resource No.: 5DA Temp. Resource Number: none 3. County: Douglas 4. Legal Location: PM 6 th Township 6 S Range 67 W Sec 15 ; NE 1/4 of SE 1/4 of NE 1/4 If section is irregular, explain alignment method 5. UTMs: Zone 13, me, mn. 6. USGS Quad Name: Parker Date: 1965/1994 II. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA 7. Artifacts: bifacially flaked fragment (possible tool?) with sub-triangular shape raw material = purple rhyolite (phenocrysts visible); dimensions = 32 x 28 x 6 mm Sketch/Trace Here SEE ATTACHED PHOTO 8. IF Dimensions: X OR Single Artifact x 9. Inferred Function(s): unknown 10. Cultural Affiliation/Time Period: unknown (prehistoric Native American) 11. Comments: probably in secondary context as result of construction disturbance III. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 12. Elevation: Feet 6,010 Meters 1, Soil: Fondis clay loam (3-9% slopes) 14. Topography: slope 15. Slope: Site 5% Surrounding 3-9% 16. Nearest Water: Name/Nature: Willow Creek (seasonal stream) Elevation 5,980 ft asl Distance 200 m Direction west 17. Vegetation: short-grass taxa, weedy forbs, prickly pear IV. REFERENCE DATA 18. Collection: Yes No x Describe N/A 19. Repository: N/A 20. Landowner: RidgeGate Development Corporation 21. Report Title: Class III Cultural Resources Survey RTD Corridor Light Rail Extension, Douglas Co., CO 22. Recorder(s): John F Hoffecker 23. Recorder Affiliation: Historic Preservation Consultants 24. Date(s): January 2010 Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO

39 Resource Number: 5DA.2701 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2701 USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles

40 Resource Number: 5DA.2701 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2701: bifacially flaked rhyolite, possible tool fragment. Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 30 December 2008.

41 COLORADO CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEY OAHP1408 Isolated Find Record Rev. 9/98 I. IDENTIFICATION AND LOCATION 1. Resource No.: 5DA Temp. Resource Number: none 3. County: Douglas 4. Legal Location: PM 6 th Township 6 S Range 67 W Sec 14 ; SE 1/4 of NW 1/4 of SW 1/4 If section is irregular, explain alignment method 5. UTMs: Zone 13, me, mn. 6. USGS Quad Name: Parker Date: 1965/1994 II. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA 7. Artifacts: (1) biface fragment (petrified wood) crudely flaked, non-diagnostic, measuring 4.2 x 4.0 x 2.2 cm; (2) small unretouched flake (petrified wood) Sketch/Trace Here SEE ATTACHED PHOTO 8. IF Dimensions: 10 m X 10 m OR Single Artifact 9. Inferred Function(s): unknown 10. Cultural Affiliation/Time Period: unknown (prehistoric Native American) 11. Comments: none III. ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 12. Elevation: Feet 6,050 Meters 1, Soil: Fondis clay loam (3-9% slopes) 14. Topography: slope 15. Slope: Site ~7% Surrounding 3-9% 16. Nearest Water: Name/Nature: Cottonwood Creek (seasonal stream) Elevation 5,950 ft asl Distance 600 m Direction northwest 17. Vegetation: short-grass taxa, prickly pear IV. REFERENCE DATA 18. Collection: Yes No x Describe N/A 19. Repository: N/A 20. Landowner: RidgeGate Development Corporation 21. Report Title: Class III Cultural Resources Survey RTD Corridor Light Rail Extension, Douglas Co., CO 22. Recorder(s): John F Hoffecker 23. Recorder Affiliation: Historic Preservation Consultants 24. Date(s): January 2010 Colorado Historical Society - Office of Archaeology & Historic Preservation 1300 Broadway, Denver, CO

42 Resource Number: 5DA.2702 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2702 USGS 7.5-minute series (topographic): Parker (1965/1994) & Highlands Ranch (1965/1994) Quadrangles

43 Resource Number: 5DA.2702 Temporary Resource Number: [none] 5DA.2702: isolated find setting, looking northwest Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 30 December DA.2702: crudely flaked biface fragment of petrified wood Photographed by J. F. Hoffecker on 30 December 2008.