Waterbury Dam Disturbance Mike Fitzgerald Devin Rowland
|
|
- Tobias Robbins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Waterbury Dam Disturbance Mike Fitzgerald Devin Rowland Abstract The Waterbury Dam was completed in October 1938 as a method of flood control in the Winooski Valley. The construction began in April1935 by the Vermont Civilian Conservation Corps. The dam is an earth built dam with a stone slope for protection totaling 562 meters long by 57 meters high. In June 1953 a hydroelectric plant, the Little River Hydro Station, was installed at the base of the dam. The construction of the dam caused a pool of water to build in the valley behind it. On average the pool covers am area of 3.6 sq. km, but during the winter it is drained to cover about sq. meters. The Green Mountain Power Corporation in anticipation of snowmelt performs the annual drainage. In total, the Waterbury Reservoir can hold up to 34, 000,000 cu. Meters of water and services a drainage area of 175 sq. km The Waterbury Dam has been found to cause much disturbance in the stream system in which it is located. This disturbance has been observed in the form of sedimentation up stream of the dam in the reservoir. Changes in the channel below the dam resulting from this sedimentation have also been observed through the use of soil pits and comparative analysis. 1. Location on Aerial Photograph See figure 2 2. Location of Site See figure 1 3. Description of Historic Image:
2 This image shows a very large dam on the Little River in Waterbury Vermont. To the left of the dam a large reservoir has been created. To the right of the dam roads have been created on the old terraces of the river, and also a house is present. Two men are walking on top of the dam in the foreground of the image. In the background, a wooded hill rises and part of Camel s Hump Mountain is visible. On the far side of the Dam smoke is rising from what appears to be a small settlement possible for workers involved in the construction of the dam. It appears to be summer because the trees are fully vegetated. I would speculate this image was taken shortly after the Dam was completed. This would date this image at about After the dam was constructed the reservoir filled up with water and sedimentation behind the dam likely began to occur. Flooding episodes would likely still occur above the dam and likely no longer occur beneath the dam. 4. Question What is the disturbance to the stream system caused by the Waterbury Dam? 6. GPS Location of Sites See Figure 1
3 7. Present Day Image of Site This is the present day image taken from the top of the Waterbury Dam looking east. This image matches the left side of the historical image. The only major difference from the historical image is the sediment deposit that has formed in the far eastern corner of the dam.
4 This image was taken from the top of the eastern side of the Waterbury Dam looking northeast. In the foreground is a close up of the sediment deposit that now exists in the eastern corner of the Dam. In the background part of Camel s Hump mountain can be seen to place it in context with the historical image.
5 8. Data Collected Width & Depth Meters Waterbury River Waterbury Reservoir Little River 1 Little River 2 Width Depth Velocity Meters per second Waterbury River Waterbury Reservoir Little River 1 Little River 2 Velocity
6 Discharge Cubic meters per second Waterbury River Waterbury Reservoir Little River 1 Little River 2 Series Site Width Depth Velocity Discharge Waterbury River Waterbury Reservoir Little River Little River Waterbury River in Cross-Section 3.5m 0.5 m 21 m 0.8 m 1.2 m 1.1 m 0.75 m 0.4 m
7 9. Calculations Soils: Waterbury River See figure 3 Little River See figure 4 Manning s n: Because of the high flows below the dam, we were unable to determine the depth of the stream below the dam and therefore unable to determine the value of Manning s n. In order to estimate the value, we obtained approximate depth measurements from USGS Waterbury River Discharge (Q) = 16.8 m 2 x 0.52 m/s Discharge (Q) = 8.7 m 3 /s Manning s n = [16.8 m 2 x (0.74 m) 2/3 x (0.012) 1/2 ] / 8.7 m 3 /s Manning s n = 0.16 Little River Discharge(Q) = m 2 x 2.11m/s Discharge (Q) = m 3 /s Manning s n = [37.05 m 2 x (0,5 m) 2/3 x (0.018) 1/2 ]/ 8.7 m 3 /s Manning s n = Conclusions Disturbance to the stream system of the Waterbury River/Little River caused by the Waterbury dam have been observed. The first and primary disturbance is that of sedimentation in the reservoir itself. This can be observed clearly when comparing the historical image to the present day image of the eastern portion above the dam. In the present day image a large deposit exists where in the historical image nothing was present. This is evidence for the trapping of sediments behind the dam that would have naturally traveled downstream. Evidence for this sedimentation can also be observed in figure 5, where a high water mark of sediments in the form of silt are present on the leaves of the annual vegetation. The secondary disturbance caused by the Waterbury Dam can be deduced through examination of the first terrace of the Waterbury River above the Waterbury Reservoir (figure 3), and the first terrace of the Little River below the dam (figure 4). It is assumed that the Dam has not affected the Waterbury River and by comparing the first terrace of the Waterbury River to the Little River one can observe the disturbance the dam has had on the stream system. The Waterbury River s first terrace was dated at about 110 years of age. The Little River terrace was dated at 75 years. These are minimum ages reflecting the age of the vegetation found growing on each terrace. This discrepancy in age is the first clue that
8 disturbance has taken place in the form of channel change. The age of the Little River terrace also corresponds with the construction of the dam furthering the claim that channel change occurred in the Little River directly related to the construction of the dam. The lack of an A-layer, B-layer, and C-layer in the soils beneath the dam (figure 4) also suggests stream disturbance. Soil horizons form once a terrace is stable. This would suggest that the Little River terrace has been stable for much less time then the Waterbury River Terrace. This could possibly be due to incision of the Little River near the time of construction of the Waterbury Dam. Or simply that the Little River was rerouted at this time leaving a stable terrace 75 years ago. Therefore, no A, B, or C- layers would exist due to the disturbance of the Dam itself. While above the reservoir on the Waterbury River where no dam disturbance has taken place a vast record of sedimentation exists in the cut bank (figure 3). 11. Glaciation Glaciation is a major mode of sedimentation at this field site. Moving from within the stream system away (up-terrace) these episodes of sediment deposition can be observed and the mode of this deposition deduced. Within the stream well-sorted postglacial fluvial alluvium is present. Moving away from the stream system Silt, silty clay, and clay sediments are present. This is found to be reminiscent of a Glaciolacutrine lake bottom formed by retreating glaciers creating ice dams and subsequent lakes. Beyond, a Kame Terrace has been observed where ice contact outwash gravel was found. Finally, Unsorted Glacial Till was observed furthest from the stream system left behind by retreating glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age. 12. Hillslope Activity Hillslope activity was observed in the Waterbury River as well as the Waterbury Reservoir. In both cases this activity served to add sediments to the stream system. Above the reservoir in the Waterbury River slump was seen at the top of the cutbank where the stream itself was causing failure of the hillslope. In the case of the Reservoir, small landslides were observed around the perimeter on steeper sections of the surrounding terrain. These are caused by saturation of the hillslope as the water level changes and failure occurs. 13. Suspended Sediment Observations Through examination of the suspended sediments in samples taken at each site it was found that the Waterbury River above the dam contained the least amount of sediment. The water in the Reservoir itself contained slightly more suspended sediments and the Little River contained the most suspended sediment. We believe that this trend was present because the highest velocity was found in the Little River due to the draining of the reservoir on that specific sample day. We had hypothesized that the opposite trend would be observed. That the most sediment would be found in the Waterbury River, with
9 slightly less in the Waterbury Reservoir as energy is lost, and sediments settle, and the least amount of suspended sediment in the Little River. Most likely the draining of the dam changed the dynamics of the stream system on this day.
10 Location Map: Waterbury Resevoir Waterbury River E N E N E N Little River Waterbury Dam = Location of Field Sites Figure 1: This figure shows the location of the field site. The arrows correspond to the location of the specific field sites. Along the Little River, around the Waterbury Dam, and along the Waterbury River north of the resevoir. The scales for the individual maps is included within each map, and the scales are different. GPS points are NAD 83 N
11 Aerial Photo of the Waterbury Resevoir and Corresponding Field Sites N Little River Site Waterbury Dam Site Waterbury River Site Figure 2: This figure shows the location of the field sites on an aerial photograph of the area surrounding the Waterbury Resevoir.
12 Waterbury River Just North of Waterbury Resevoir: Terrace 1 O-Layer: Organic layer- 4cm A-Layer: Silt, Sand, gravel- 18cm B-Layer: Red Gravel- 8cm C-Layer: Sand, silt- 38cm B-Layer: Red Gravel- 8cm C-Layer: Fine Silt Parent Material: Cobbles, Sand Silt, unsorted Glacial till W E Figure 3: This figure illustrates a cutbank on the first terrace of the Waterbury River. This image was taken just north of the Waterbury Resevior where the stream has been unaffected by the Waterbury Dam. By the age of the trees this terrace appears to be 110 years old. At least two B-layers are inferred although several more may exist.
13 Little River Just Below The Waterbury Dam: Terrace 1 O-Layer: Organic Material- 2cm Parent Material: Cobbles, sand, sil, unsorted Glacial Till -This layer continues to stream level W E Figure 4: This figure illustrates the soil pit dug just below the Waterbury Dam on the Little River. The age of this terrace is estimated at 75 years due to the vegitation placing its formation around the time of the Construction of the Dam in The lack of an A-layer or B-layer is consistent with the young age of the terrace.
14 Evidence for Deposition E W Figure 5: This image illustrates evidence for deposition just above the Waterbury Dam. The dark line in the middle corresponds to the recent high water mark. The leaves below the line have been covered with sediment. This vegitation is located on the point bar in the western corner of the Dam. = 5cm
Clyde River Landslide
Clyde River Landslide Department of Geology, Perkins Hall, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 Abstract: This paper investigates a landslide on the Clyde River in Newport, Vermont. The landslide
More informationScience EOG Review: Landforms
Mathematician Science EOG Review: Landforms Vocabulary Definition Term canyon deep, large, V- shaped valley formed by a river over millions of years of erosion; sometimes called gorges (example: Linville
More informationLandslides and Ground Water Permeability with Respect to the. Contact Point of Glacial Lake Vermont and the Champlain Sea
Landslides and Ground Water Permeability with Respect to the Contact Point of Glacial Lake Vermont and the Champlain Sea Sediments at Town Line Brook, Winooski, VT Michala Peabody Lara Vowles Abstract:
More informationCh 10 Deposition Practice Questions
1. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below. Six identical cylinders, A through F, were filled with equal volumes of sorted spherical particles. The data table shows the particle
More informationmountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output
mountain rivers fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) high transport capacity low storage input output strong interaction between streams & hillslopes Sediment Budgets for Mountain Rivers Little
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which event is the best example of erosion? dissolving of rock particles on a limestone gravestone by acid rain breaking apart of shale as a result of water freezing in a crack rolling of a pebble
More informationSedimentation Rate Change in the Winooski River Delta
Sedimentation Rate Change in the Winooski River Delta Chris Ricker and Brian Connelly Abstract Historical air photographs, from 1937 show the Winooski River Delta extended much farther into Lake Champlain
More informationPage 1 of 9 Name: Base your answer to the question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a
More informationThe Lee River Landslide
The Lee River Landslide Meghan O'Donnell Jon Bevan Geomorphology December 5, 2003 Abstract: Steep hillslopes that lie adjacent to active stream channels are prone to landsliding. Glaciolacustrine material
More information1. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the generalized bedrock of a part of western New York State.
1. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the generalized bedrock of a part of western New York State. 3. The table below describes the deposits that an observer saw while
More information1. The map below shows a meandering river. A A' is the location of a cross section. The arrows show the direction of the river flow.
1. The map below shows a meandering river. A A' is the location of a cross section. The arrows show the direction of the river flow. Which cross section best represents the shape of the river bottom at
More informationName: Which rock layers appear to be most resistant to weathering? A) A, C, and E B) B and D
Name: 1) The formation of soil is primarily the result of A) stream deposition and runoff B) precipitation and wind erosion C) stream erosion and mass movement D) weathering and biological activity 2)
More informationLowland Glaciation North Wales
Lowland Glaciation North Wales Background Although there have been many glaciations and advances in ice, the most significant for this are was the Dimlington Stadial which was a period of glacial advance
More informationB-1. Attachment B-1. Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling
Attachment B-1 Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications in Conowingo Reservoir Sediment Transport Modeling 1 October 2012 Lower Susquehanna River Watershed Assessment Evaluation of AdH Model Simplifications
More informationGeomorphology Geology 450/750 Spring Fluvial Processes Project Analysis of Redwood Creek Field Data Due Wednesday, May 26
Geomorphology Geology 450/750 Spring 2004 Fluvial Processes Project Analysis of Redwood Creek Field Data Due Wednesday, May 26 This exercise is intended to give you experience using field data you collected
More information4. The map below shows a meandering stream. Points A, B, C, and D represent locations along the stream bottom.
1. Sediment is deposited as a river enters a lake because the A) velocity of the river decreases B) force of gravity decreases C) volume of water increases D) slope of the river increases 2. Which diagram
More informationSTRUCTURAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT
STRUCTURAL STABILITY ASSESSMENT CFR 257.73(d) Bottom Ash Pond Complex Cardinal Plant Brilliant, Ohio October, 2016 Prepared for: Cardinal Operating Company Cardinal Plant Brilliant, Ohio Prepared by: Geotechnical
More informationName. 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different soil horizons, A, B, C, and D, are shown.
Name 1. In the cross section of the hill shown below, which rock units are probably most resistant to weathering? 4. The diagram below shows a soil profile formed in an area of granite bedrock. Four different
More informationSTREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS
STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS The Hydrologic Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Runoff Transpiration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling
More informationPrecipitation Evaporation Infiltration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle. Runoff Transpiration
STREAM SYSTEMS and FLOODS The Hydrologic Cycle Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration Earth s Water and the Hydrologic Cycle Runoff Transpiration The Hydrologic Cycle The Hydrologic Cycle Oceans not filling
More informationGEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments
GEOL 1121 Earth Processes and Environments Wondwosen Seyoum Department of Geology University of Georgia e-mail: seyoum@uga.edu G/G Bldg., Rm. No. 122 Seyoum, 2015 Chapter 6 Streams and Flooding Seyoum,
More informationSubsurface Geology of the Kennebec River
Maine Geologic Facts and Localities July, 1998 Subsurface Geology of the Kennebec River 43 54 40.75 N, 69 48 29.01 W Text by Daniel B. Locke, Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry 1 Map by
More informationSummary. Streams and Drainage Systems
Streams and Drainage Systems Summary Streams are part of the hydrologic cycle and the chief means by which water returns from the land to the sea. They help shape the Earth s surface and transport sediment
More information1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product
Weathering 1. Any process that causes rock to crack or break into pieces is called physical weathering. Initial product = final product End Result of physical weathering is increased surface area. 2. Physical
More informationMonitoring of suspended sediment concentration in discharge from regulated lakes in glacial deposits
Erosion and Sediment Transport Monitoring Programmes in River Basins (Proceedings of the Oslo Symposium, August 1992). IAHS Publ. no. 210, 1992. 269 Monitoring of suspended sediment concentration in discharge
More informationWhy Geomorphology for Fish Passage
Channel Morphology - Stream Crossing Interactions An Overview Michael Love Michael Love & Associates mlove@h2odesigns.com (707) 476-8938 Why Geomorphology for Fish Passage 1. Understand the Scale of the
More informationWhich map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano? A) B)
1. When snow cover on the land melts, the water will most likely become surface runoff if the land surface is A) frozen B) porous C) grass covered D) unconsolidated gravel Base your answers to questions
More informationStarting at Rock Bottom
Starting at Rock Bottom At rock bottom of the Brushy Creek site s geological column lies the first clue to human habitation: A smelting and heattreating furnace, and mold, carved into Bed Ked: Figure 15
More informationWater flowing in the stream can move sediments along the stream channel because of an exchange of energy from the
1. Base your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the Earth Science Reference Tables, the diagram below, and your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a laboratory stream table. Water
More informationDan Miller + Kelly Burnett, Kelly Christiansen, Sharon Clarke, Lee Benda. GOAL Predict Channel Characteristics in Space and Time
Broad-Scale Models Dan Miller + Kelly Burnett, Kelly Christiansen, Sharon Clarke, Lee Benda GOAL Predict Channel Characteristics in Space and Time Assess Potential for Fish Use and Productivity Assess
More informationTopic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p ) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 WEATHERING
Topic 6: Weathering, Erosion and Erosional-Deposition Systems (workbook p. 95-125) Workbook Chapter 4, 5 THE BIG PICTURE: Weathering, erosion and deposition are processes that cause changes to rock material
More informationClass Notes: Surface Processes
Name: Date: Period: Surface Processes The Physical Setting: Earth Science Class Notes: Surface Processes I. Weathering and Soils Weathering -! Sediments -! Weathering occurs when rocks are exposed to:
More informationPratice Surface Processes Test
1. The cross section below shows the movement of wind-driven sand particles that strike a partly exposed basalt cobble located at the surface of a windy desert. Which cross section best represents the
More informationLimitation to qualitative stability indicators. the real world is a continuum, not a dichotomy ~ 100 % 30 % ~ 100 % ~ 40 %
Stream Stability Assessment & BEHI Surveys Joe Rathbun MDEQ Water Resources Division rathbunj@michigan.gov 517--373 517 373--8868 Stability Stream can transport its water and sediment inputs without changing
More informationCattaraugus Creek: A Story of Flowing Water and the Geology of the Channel It Flows Through Presentation to West Valley Citizen Task Force 4/27/16
Cattaraugus Creek: A Story of Flowing Water and the Geology of the Channel It Flows Through Presentation to West Valley Citizen Task Force 4/27/16 Raymond C. Vaughan, Ph.D. What happens if you drop a
More information1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart.
1. The diagram below shows the stump of a tree whose root grew into a small crack in bedrock and split the rock apart. 4. Which process involves either a physical or chemical breakdown of earth materials?
More informationFigure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream as it enters a lake. At which points along the stream are erosion and deposition dominant?
1. In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? 1. hot and dry 3. cold and dry 2. hot and wet 4. cold and wet 2. Figure 1 The map shows the top view of a meandering stream
More informationDiagnostic Geomorphic Methods for Understanding Future Behavior of Lake Superior Streams What Have We Learned in Two Decades?
Diagnostic Geomorphic Methods for Understanding Future Behavior of Lake Superior Streams What Have We Learned in Two Decades? Faith Fitzpatrick USGS WI Water Science Center, Middleton, WI fafitzpa@usgs.gov
More informationGlacial processes and landforms NGEA01, 2014
Glacial processes and landforms NGEA01, 2014 Cecilia Akselsson Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund University Geomorphological processes and landforms all over the world Periglacial
More informationPat Dryer Half Moon Lake: A True Oxbow Lake? Geography 364 April 1 st, 2007
Pat Dryer Half Moon Lake: A True Oxbow Lake? Geography 364 April 1 st, 2007 Appendix Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Methods 3 Results 3 Discussion 5 Conclusion 11 1 Abstract Half Moon Lake appears to be an
More informationRiver Response. Sediment Water Wood. Confinement. Bank material. Channel morphology. Valley slope. Riparian vegetation.
River Response River Response Sediment Water Wood Confinement Valley slope Channel morphology Bank material Flow obstructions Riparian vegetation climate catchment vegetation hydrological regime channel
More informationUGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards
UGRC 144 Science and Technology in Our Lives/Geohazards Flood and Flood Hazards Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi Department of Earth Science, UG, Legon College of Education School of Continuing and Distance Education
More informationW he natural resources of Adams
Above: Houghton Rock, Town of Adams. Following Page: "The Hole in the Rock" on Rattlesnake Mound--both remnants of rock formed by ancient seas hundreds of millions of year5 ago. (Courtesy, H.H. Bennett
More informationLab 13: Fluvial Processes and Landforms
Name: Lab 13: Fluvial Processes and Landforms Geomorphology is the study of Earth s surface and of the processes acting to shape it. Streams, for example, are significant continental land-shaping agents.
More informationNATURAL RIVER. Karima Attia Nile Research Institute
NATURAL RIVER CHARACTERISTICS Karima Attia Nile Research Institute NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION NATURAL RIVER DEFINITION Is natural stream of water that flows in channels with ih more or less defined banks.
More informationGreat Lakes Tributary Modeling: Canaseraga Creek Watershed
Great Lakes Tributary Modeling: Canaseraga Creek Watershed SWAT Model Authority: Section 516(e) of WRDA 1996 US Army Corps of Engineers Canaseraga Creek Project Location - Encompasses portions of Livingston,
More informationRIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS
RIVERS, GROUNDWATER, AND GLACIERS Delta A fan-shaped deposit that forms when a river flows into a quiet or large body of water, such as a lake, an ocean, or an inland sea. Alluvial Fan A sloping triangle
More informationWhat are the different ways rocks can be weathered?
Romano - 223 What are the different ways rocks can be weathered? Weathering - the breakdown of rocks and minerals at the Earth s surface 1. 2. PHYSICAL WEATHERING Rock is broken into smaller pieces with
More informationSTUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY. Surface Water Movement
Surface Water SECTION 9.1 Surface Water Movement In your textbook, read about surface water and the way in which it moves sediment. Complete each statement. 1. An excessive amount of water flowing downslope
More informationWhich particle of quartz shows evidence of being transported the farthest distance by the stream? A) B) C) D)
1. Base your answer to the following question on the block diagram below, which represents the landscape features associated with a meandering stream. WX is the location of a cross section. Location A
More informationTHE ACTION OF GLACIERS
Surface processes THE ACTION OF GLACIERS Glaciers are enormous masses of ice which are formed due to accumulation, compaction and re-crystallisation of the snow deposited in very cold regions (the majority
More informationMountain Rivers. Gutta cavat lapidem. (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5
Mountain Rivers Gutta cavat lapidem (Dripping water hollows out a stone) -Ovid, Epistulae Ex Ponto, Book 3, no. 10, 1. 5 Mountain Rivers Fixed channel boundaries (bedrock banks and bed) High transport
More informationLandscape. Review Note Cards
Landscape Review Note Cards Last Ice Age Pleistocene Epoch that occurred about 22,000 Years ago Glacier A large, long lasting mass of ice which forms on land and moves downhill because of gravity. Continental
More informationJune 9, R. D. Cook, P.Eng. Soils Engineer Special Services Western Region PUBLIC WORKS CANADA WESTERN REGION REPORT ON
PUBLIC WORKS CANADA WESTERN REGION REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROPOSED MARTIN RIVER BRIDGE MILE 306.7 MACKENZIE HIGHWAY Submitted by : R. D. Cook, P.Eng. Soils Engineer Special Services Western
More informationMichigan s Geology and Groundwater
Michigan s Geology and Groundwater Ralph J. Haefner Deputy Director U.S. Geological Survey Michigan-Ohio Water Science Center Lansing, Michigan Outline About the USGS Geology 101 Michigan s geology Bedrock
More informationName: Mid-Year Review #2 SAR
Name: Mid-Year Review #2 SAR Base your answers to questions 1 through 3 on on the diagram below, which shows laboratory materials used for an investigation of the effects of sediment size on permeability,
More informationEssential Questions. What is erosion? What is mass wasting?
Erosion Essential Questions What is erosion? What is mass wasting? What is Erosion? Erosion The transportation of sediment from one area to another Caused mainly by running water but also caused by glaciers,
More informationGeology and New England Landscapes
Geology and New England Landscapes Jim Turenne, CPSS USDA-NRCS Warwick, RI. http://nesoil.com Why Geology? Provides the big picture of site conditions. Major part of soil formation (parent material and
More informationThe Geology of Sebago Lake State Park
Maine Geologic Facts and Localities September, 2002 43 55 17.46 N, 70 34 13.07 W Text by Robert Johnston, Department of Agriculture, Conservation & Forestry 1 Map by Robert Johnston Introduction Sebago
More informationUnit 3 Review - Surface Processes
Unit 3 Review - Surface Processes 1. Why is the surface of Mercury covered with meteor impact craters, while Earth s surface has relatively few craters? A) Mercury is larger than Earth, so it gets hit
More informationSurface Water and Stream Development
Surface Water and Stream Development Surface Water The moment a raindrop falls to earth it begins its return to the sea. Once water reaches Earth s surface it may evaporate back into the atmosphere, soak
More informationGEL 109 Midterm W01, Page points total (1 point per minute is a good pace, but it is good to have time to recheck your answers!
GEL 109 Midterm W01, Page 1 50 points total (1 point per minute is a good pace, but it is good to have time to recheck your answers!) 1. Where in a water flow is there usually a zone of laminar flow even
More informationErosion Surface Water. moving, transporting, and depositing sediment.
+ Erosion Surface Water moving, transporting, and depositing sediment. + Surface Water 2 Water from rainfall can hit Earth s surface and do a number of things: Slowly soak into the ground: Infiltration
More informationMass Wasting. Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition
Mass Wasting Revisit: Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition While landslides are a normal part of erosion and surface processes, they can be very destructive to life and property! - Mass wasting: downslope
More informationName: KEY OBJECTIVES HYDROLOGY:
Name: KEY OBJECTIVES Correctly define: abrasion, capillarity, deposition, discharge, erosion, evapotranspiration, hydrology, impermeable, infiltration, meander, permeable, porosity, water table, weathering,
More informationSECTION G SEDIMENT BUDGET
SECTION G SEDIMENT BUDGET INTRODUCTION A sediment budget has been constructed for the for the time period 1952-2000. The purpose of the sediment budget is to determine the relative importance of different
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition The breakdown of rocks at or near the Earth s Surface. Physical Chemical - The breakdown of rock into smaller pieces without chemical change. - Dominant in moist /cold conditions
More informationOverview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment
Overview of fluvial and geotechnical processes for TMDL assessment Christian F Lenhart, Assistant Prof, MSU Research Assoc., U of M Biosystems Engineering Fluvial processes in a glaciated landscape Martin
More informationEarth Science Chapter 6 Section 2 Review
Name: Class: Date: Earth Science Chapter 6 Section Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Most streams carry the largest part of their
More informationRapid Geomorphic Assessments: RGA s
Establishing Current Reference Conditions Rates and concentrations of suspended-sediment transport vary over time and space due to factors such as precipitation characteristics and discharge, geology,
More informationWeathering, Erosion and Deposition
Weathering, Erosion and Deposition Shaping the Earth s Surface Weathering the process of breaking down rocks into smaller fragments Erosion the transport of rock fragments from one location to another
More informationWeathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development
Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, and Landscape Development I. Weathering - the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles, also called sediments, by natural processes. Weathering is further divided into
More informationHW #2 Landscape Travel from A to B 12,
HW #2 Landscape 2016 Section: Name: ate: 1. ase your answer(s) to the following question(s) on the map below, which represents two bridges that cross the Green River. Letters,, and represent locations
More informationWhen Creek Meets Valley Wall: Prioritizing Erosion Mitigation alongside the Oshawa Landfill
1 When Creek Meets Valley Wall: Prioritizing Erosion Mitigation alongside the Oshawa Landfill Robin McKillop 1, Dan McParland 1 & Cassie Scobie 2 TRIECA conference March 22-23, 2017 1 Palmer Environmental
More informationL.O: SLOWING STREAMS DEPOSIT (SORT) SEDIMENT HORIZONTALLY BY SIZE.
L.O: SLOWING STREAMS DEPOSIT (SORT) SEDIMENT HORIZONTALLY BY SIZE. 1. Base your answer to the following question on the profile shown below, which shows the pattern of horizontal sorting produced at a
More informationAPPENDIX E. GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MONTORING REPORT Prepared by Steve Vrooman, Keystone Restoration Ecology September 2013
APPENDIX E GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MONTORING REPORT Prepared by Steve Vrooman, Keystone Restoration Ecology September 2 Introduction Keystone Restoration Ecology (KRE) conducted geomorphological monitoring in
More informationThe boulder was most likely moved to this location by A) glacial ice B) prevailing wind C) streamfiow D) volcanic action
1. Which rock material was most likely transported to its present location by a glacier? A) rounded sand grains found in a river delta B) rounded grains found in a sand dune C) residual soil found on a
More informationDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF STREAM CONDITIONS AND HABITAT TYPES IN REACH 4, REACH 5 AND REACH 6.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF STREAM CONDITIONS AND HABITAT TYPES IN REACH 4, REACH 5 AND REACH 6. The Eklutna River was divided into study reaches (figure 1) prior to this site visit. Prominent geologic or
More informationLandscape Development
Landscape Development Slopes Dominate Natural Landscapes Created by the interplay of tectonic and igneous activity and gradation Deformation and uplift Volcanic activity Agents of gradation Mass wasting
More informationMoosehead Lake and the Tale of Two Rivers
Maine Geologic Facts and Localities June, 2005 45 o 53 5.09 N, 69 o 42 14.54 W Text by Kelley, A.R.; Kelley, J.T.; Belknap, D.F.; and Gontz, A.M. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono,
More informationSoil Formation. Parent Material. Time. Climate
Soil Formation Parent Material Time Climate Topography Biota Main Objectives 1. Gain a general understanding of soil formation processes 2. Understand the importance of mineral weathering in soil formation
More information1927 Flood: Then and Now Elizabeth Stanley Mann Meghan Kirsch
1927 Flood: Then and Now Elizabeth Stanley Mann Meghan Kirsch Abstract: This study surveys the 1927 flood effects in Bethel, Cambridge, Montpelier, and Winooski, Vermont. This was done through re-photographing
More informationSTUDENT NAME. Science Grade 5. Read each question and choose the best answer. Be sure to mark all of your answers.
FORMATIVE MINI ASSESSMENTS First Grading Period 2010-11 September 21-24 STUDENT NAME DATE Science Grade 5 Read each question and choose the best answer. Be sure to mark all of your answers. 1 Which is
More informationObjectives. Introduction to Soils. Terms to know: What is soil? Study of Soils. The Soil Body 11/9/2012
Objectives Explain what soil is and where it comes from Define a soil body List examples of the five soil-forming factors Explain how soils develop Introduction to Soils Terms to know: What is soil? Alluvial
More informationFlash flood disaster in Bayangol district, Ulaanbaatar
Flash flood disaster in Bayangol district, Ulaanbaatar Advanced Training Workshop on Reservoir Sedimentation Management 10-16 October 2007. IRTCES, Beijing China Janchivdorj.L, Institute of Geoecology,MAS
More informationMass Movements, Wind, and Glaciers
Mass Movements,, and Glaciers SECTION 8.1 Mass Movement at Earth s Surface In your textbook, read about mass movement. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. avalanche creep landslide
More informationGEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology
GEOL.3250 Geology for Engineers Glacial Geology NAME Part I: Continental Glaciation Continental glaciers are large ice sheets that cover substantial portions of the land area. In the region of accumulation
More informationPage 1. Name:
Name: 1) Which property would best distinguish sediment deposited by a river from sediment deposited by a glacier? thickness of sediment layers age of fossils found in the sediment mineral composition
More information,Baynes Lake. TO...?&.?...A 2...KO.?'!!&... Sr. *logical Engineer
> i evernment OF BRITISH COLUMBIA a TO...?&.?...A 2....KO.?'!!&... Sr. *logical Engineer... Grou,,water. Section Hydrology Division Wat.er... In~.~s.tiga.ti.On.s..Branck.... 5 u BJECT...C;.roun.dw.ater...Snve
More informationSurface Water Short Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Surface Water Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. The three ways in which a stream carries
More information1.0 INSPECTION ANNUAL INSPECTION, JUNE 29, 2011 CARMACKS COPPER PROJECT, CARMACKS, YUKON. Dear Mr. West-Sells,
Doc. No. 162 Rev. 0 Mr. Paul West-Sells President & Chief Operating Officer Western Copper Corporation 2060-1111 West Georgia Street Vancouver, BC V6E 4M3 ANNUAL INSPECTION, JUNE 29, 2011 CARMACKS COPPER
More information16 AUGUST (Monday) Glacial Sediment
Presented By: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Detroit District Great Lakes Hydraulics and Hydrology Office With Support from the Great Lakes Commission 16 AUGUST (Monday) Glacial Sediment 9:00 9:30 Introduction
More informationTHE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. LIII MARCH, 1953 No. 2 SUBSURFACE STUDY OF GLACIAL DEPOSITS AT CLEVELAND, OHIO C. T. BAGLEY Sverdrup & Parcel, Inc., Consulting Engineers, St. Lotus, Mo. The soil 1 strata
More informationChapter 2. Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice. Physical Weathering
Chapter 2 Wearing Down Landforms: Rivers and Ice Physical Weathering Weathering vs. Erosion Weathering is the breakdown of rock and minerals. Erosion is a two fold process that starts with 1) breakdown
More informationIn the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. a. any form of water that falls to Earth s
Skills Worksheet Concept Review In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. 1. condensation 2. floodplain 3. watershed 4. tributary 5. evapotranspiration
More information3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice
CHAPTER 12 3 Erosion and Deposition by Ice SECTION Agents of Erosion and Deposition BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What are glaciers? How do
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS OF OTHER STRATIGRAPHIC SECTIONS Cherry Creek In its middle reaches, Cherry Creek meanders between three paired terraces within a narrow bedrock valley. The highest is
More informationControlling Processes That Change Land
1 Name Date Controlling Processes That Change Land People try to control some of the processes that change land. To do this, people apply technology- the use of science to solve problems in everyday life.
More information1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below
1. Which type of climate has the greatest amount of rock weathering caused by frost action? A) a wet climate in which temperatures remain below freezing B) a wet climate in which temperatures alternate
More informationUnit 4: Landscapes Practice Problems
Name: Date: 1. Soil with the greatest porosity has particles that are A. poorly sorted and densely packed B. poorly sorted and loosely packed C. well sorted and densely packed D. well sorted and loosely
More information