Backscatter and Seafloor Acoustical Properties of Wellington Harbour; Preliminary Results and Potential
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1 Backscatter and Seafloor Acoustical Properties of Wellington Harbour; Preliminary Results and Potential Geoffroy Lamarche 1, Xavier Lurton 2, Jean-Marie Augustin 2, Anne- Laure Verdier 1 and Arne Pallentin 1 1: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) 2: Institute Français de Recherche pour l Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
2 Overview Survey details SonarScope in short Compensation how it works and how do the results look? Calibration did it work? Segmentation does it align with what I see?
3 Wellington Harbour Survey Cooperation between NIWA, DoC, WRC Collected in opportunistic fashion in 07/ 08 Platform: NIWA R/V Pelorous Multi-Beam: Kongsberg EM3000D Attitude Sensor: Applanix PosMV Mk 3 Original processing in CARIS HIPS ~80km 2 coverage
4 SonarScope basics Developed by Jean-Marie Augustin at IFREMER MatLab based, run usually compiled Ability to read, analyze and process a large variety of sounder formats Profiles of emission & angular reflectivity Mosaics Compensation Segmentation
5 Bathymetry Depth in image shown is -1.5m to 32m Focusing later on two areas Shoal SE of Makaro/Ward Island Oriental Bay
6 Backscatter Beam Average Processed as part of the original survey data processing Using CARIS HIPS/SIPS Beam Average
7 SonarScope Snippets Calculated in SonarScope from raw (.all) files) Produces a time series signal Shown here is the compensated image
8 Bathymetry/Backscatter Details
9 SonarScope Compensation Statistics computed on a selected line, partial or full Produces a curve describing swath average This average is deducted from lines in project
10 SonarScope Compensation Nadir effect is reduced Problematic in areas of high variability Can be overcome by compensating per region
11 Backscatter Calibration of a EM3000D Trial of curve fitting in SonarScope To date no success Too many factors effecting backscatter Plus dual-head configuration Will keep looking, but better to work on simpler configurations first
12 Sediment Sample Distribution NIWA has several hundred samples from the harbour Taken between the 50 s and 90 s Shown samples have sediment composition data
13 Sediment Distribution Mud dominated samples in the basin Sand dominated samples on shoal areas Gravel influenced samples on rocky outcrops and close to coast
14 Carbonate Component Carbonate percentage used for size of pie chart Indication that sand and gravel dominated samples are also carbonate rich >> biogenic component?
15 Grain Size Prediction Simple trial to show predicted sediment composition by cogrigging Based on grain size distribution Not yet tested against samples (test data set)
16 Sediment Backscatter Correlation Sediment composition is reflected in the backscatter Sample distribution is result of historic projects Not all backscatter facies reflected in sample set
17 Makaro/Ward Island: Backscatter & Samples Shoal area SE of Makaro/Ward Island Relatively few sediment samples Sand dominant grain size Excellent display of seafloor features
18 Makaro/Ward Island: Backscatter Segmentation Segmentation process based on Imen Karoui's MSc thesis An automated segmentation of acoustically similar areas
19 Makaro/Ward Island: Backscatter Segmentation Segmentation process based cooccurrence of pixel values Here we used five classes Originally six, but two classes were too similar
20 Makaro/Ward Island: Backscatter Segmentation
21 Makaro/Ward Island: Backscatter Segmentation
22 Oriental Bay: Backscatter & Sediment Samples Oriental Bay and Aotea Quay Large human impact (land reclamation, ship traffic) Sediment distribution again well reflected in backscatter
23 Oriental Bay: Segmentation Same segmentation classes as for the Makaro/Ward Island area Swath overlap issues more prominent I n the flat seafloor
24 Oriental Bay/ Aotea Quay: Segmentation & Backscatter
25 Summary Snippet computation in SonarScope gives excellent backscatter imagery Compensation improves visual impression and cleanness greatly Segmentation in SonarScope produces good correlation Preliminary sediment sample correlation with backscatter and segmentation looks promising, but more work is needed
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