Results of the RV Simon Stevin EM2040 Sea Acceptance Test and comparison with EM3002D data from the HS Ter Streep and RV Belgica.

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1 Results of the RV Simon Stevin EM2040 Sea Acceptance Test and comparison with EM3002D data from the HS Ter Streep and RV Belgica. Cattrijsse Andre, Degrendele Koen, De Mol Lies, Naudts Lieven, Roche Marc, T Jampens Michiel, Vanparys Kris, Versteeg Wim and Verstraeten Johan

Continental Shelf Why do we always have problems with

2 A mix of the following topics: A new research vessel, the Simon Stevin A new project to map the entire Belgian Continental Shelf Why do we always have problems with multibeams? And troubles with the EM2040 on board the Simon Stevin

May 2012: the new RV Simon Stevin Length: 36 m Beam: 9.4 m Draught: 3.

North Sea & eastern part of the English Channel Physical oceanography

Geochemistry Maritime archaeology Marine pollution Year of

3 May 2012: the new RV Simon Stevin Length: 36 m Beam: 9.4 m Draught: 3.5 m Maximum speed: 12 kn Area of operations: Southern Bight of the North Sea & eastern part of the English Channel Physical oceanography Fisheries research Marine geology Microbiology Chemical oceanography Geochemistry Maritime archaeology Marine pollution Year of construction: 2012 Shipbuilder: Damen Shipyards Group Flag: Belgium Port of registry: Ostend

600kHz Odom CV300 : 200 & 33kHz Singlebeam (navigation) : 50kHz (JRC, jfe-380/200) Speedlog : 2 MHz (JRC,

4 May 2012: the new RV Simon Stevin Acoustic equipment EM2040 Single Head Draught sensor : ATM SV profiler : Valeport Mini SV sensor : Valeport Octans IV from IXSEA RTK GPS MGB Tech (LRK-RTK) ADCP : RDI instruments, 600kHz Odom CV300 : 200 & 33kHz Singlebeam (navigation) : 50kHz (JRC, jfe-380/200) Speedlog : 2 MHz (JRC, jln-205) Research Facilities Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee vzw Flanders Marine Institute VLIZ InnovOcean site

July 2012: SAT of the Simon Stevin EM2040 SURVEY 23/07/2012 @ 300 khz SAT area 1: flat gravel area CROSS SECTION (x and y in m) Along nadir of line 1, across lines 3, 4 and 5 1-31.

5 July 2012: SAT of the Simon Stevin EM2040 SURVEY 300 khz SAT area 1: flat gravel area CROSS SECTION (x and y in m) Along nadir of line 1, across lines 3, 4 and Without tide reduction ~ 200 m Belgica EM3002D SAT area 1 reference model Min depth = m Max depth = m

6 July 2012: SAT of the Simon Stevin EM2040 SURVEY 300 khz SAT area 1: flat gravel area CROSS SECTION (x and y in m) Along nadir of line 1, across lines 3, 4 and 5 With tide reduction = 0.3 m ~ 200 m Belgica EM3002D SAT area 1 reference model Min depth = m Max depth = m Complete inability to model a coherent surface from this data!

7 July 2012: SAT of the Simon Stevin EM2040 SURVEY 300 khz SAT area 1: flat gravel area Real-time HEAVE (in m) statistics: ~ 200 m -0.4 Belgica EM3002D SAT area 1 reference model Min depth = m Max depth = m 0 m +? heading and vessel speed dependent

8 August 2012: dynamic draught and heave tests Influence of heading and vessel speed? Pitch (mean, ) Heave (range, m) Heave (mean, m) kt 7 kt 8 kt 9 kt 10 kt 11 kt kt 7 kt 8 kt 9 kt 10 kt 11 kt -0.2 E N S W Vessel speed Vessel speed Vessel heading Impact of speed and heading on pitch and heave Can dynamic draught explain the large differences in bathymetry?

9 August 2012: dynamic draught and heave tests Heave signal: slowly undulating during a single track (with constant speed and heading) 50 sec Problem with the motion sensor?

10 September 2012: Comparison of 3 multibeam systems Part of the project to chart the entire surface of the BCS with high resolution. Two federal agencies: MUMM FPS Economy RV Belgica EM3002D Two regional agencies MDK - Afdeling Kust Ter Streep EM3002D Flanders Marine Institute VLIZ Simon Stevin EM2040 From Vera Van Lancker, MUMM Quality assessment and regular comparison between systems

11 September 2012: Comparison of 3 multibeam systems Zeebrugge harbor EM2040 paving 4x2m 18/09/2012: measurements in a lock (Vandammesluis) HV Ter Streep EM3002D RV Belgica EM3002D RV Simon Stevin EM2040

57 m -14,4-14,6-14,8-15,0-15,2-15,4-15,6-15,8-16,0-16,2-16,4-16,6-16,8

12 Depth (m) September 2012: Comparison of 3 multibeam systems Along track profile m m m -14,4-14,6-14,8-15,0-15,2-15,4-15,6-15,8-16,0-16,2-16,4-16,6-16,8 reference Ter Streep 18/09/2012 Belgica 18/09/2012 shift 0.40m Simon Stevin 18/09/ Distance (m)

13 Depth (m) Depth (m) September 2012: Comparison of 3 multibeam systems Bathymetry results 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 16,6 16,7 mean ± 2 std Simon Stevin real depth IHO SO 16,8 16,9 Ter Streep Belgica 14,8 mean ± 2 std 14,9 15,0 15,1 15,2 real depth Simon Stevin IHO SO 15,3 15,4 Ter Streep Only the central part of the swath is compared Belgica

September 2012: EM2040 EM2040 measurements: SURVEY 18/09/2012 @ 300 khz L0 (speed ~ 5 kt) L3 (speed ~ 10 kt) Same Heading Tide corrected -22.5-23 -23.

14 September 2012: EM2040 EM2040 measurements: SURVEY 300 khz L0 (speed ~ 5 kt) L3 (speed ~ 10 kt) Same Heading Tide corrected full swath CROSS SECTION (x and y in m) L0 L3 Stable gravel area: Gravel area Medium dunes area Locally, Z = 25 cm

5 L3 (speed ~ 10 kt) 1: Raw heave 1 2: Filtered heave (moving

15 September 2012: EM2040 Real-time heave low frequency fluctuations: SURVEY 300 khz ANALYSIS OF THE L3 REAL-TIME HEAVE: 1.5 L3 (speed ~ 10 kt) 1: Raw heave 1 2: Filtered heave (moving average on 150 pings) 3: BATHY L3-L

16 September 2012: EM2040 Correlation with low frequency fluctuations of real-time heave: Filtered heave (moving average on 150 pings, m) and BATHY L3-L0 (m) Line by line correction of the bathymetry with the low frequency real-time heave signal

17 September 2012: EM2040 Line by line correction of the bathymetry with the low frequency real-time heave signal after tide correction: SURVEY 300 khz line 0 (5 kt) and line 3 (10 kt)

18 November 2012: SAT part 2 Visit and installation of different software for the OCTANS IV: SURVEY 300 khz No apparent bias (all median ~ 0 m) All distributions symmetrical Heave low frequency artifact problem looks solved But still inconsistent bathymetry

19 mean (m) November 2012: SAT part 2 Asymmetry across track: Construction of bias curves of the measurements (points) for each line with reference model: 0,15 0,10 0,05 line 0 line 1 line 2 line 3 line 4 line 5 line 6 line 7 line 8 line 9 all lines 0,00-0,05-0,10-0, Beam pointing angle ( ) Confirmation of the difference in depth between the lines (range 0.08m) Asymmetry of the bias curves sharp drop of the values outside 55 and -65

December 2012: SAT part 2 Bathymetry differences between lines: SURVEY 19/12/2012 @ 300 khz Cross section of all lines along diagonal: 0,3 0,2 PITCH DERIVATIVE HEAVE

20 December 2012: SAT part 2 Bathymetry differences between lines: SURVEY 300 khz Cross section of all lines along diagonal: 0,3 0,2 PITCH DERIVATIVE HEAVE DERIVATIVE RESIDU 0,1 0-0,1-0,2-0, Perfect cross correlation observed for all lines Suggests a major X lever arm problem?

21 December 2012: SAT part 2 Asymmetry across track: SURVEY 300 khz Evaluation of the standard deviation: Asymmetry across track of the lines + dropping of outer beams From beams 0-40 and the performance is very bad

22 February 2013: final test by Kongsberg Comparison between OCTANS IV and MRU 5

23 February 2013: final test by Kongsberg Comparison between OCTANS IV and MRU 5

Comparison between OCTANS IV and MRU 5 February 2013: final test by Kongsberg SURVEY 13/02/2013 @ 300 khz

24 Comparison between OCTANS IV and MRU 5 February 2013: final test by Kongsberg SURVEY 300 khz Cross section of all lines along diagonal: OCTANS Asymmetry across track of the lines depth difference between lines

25 February 2013: final test by Kongsberg Comparison between OCTANS IV and MRU 5 SURVEY 300 khz Cross section of all lines along diagonal: MRU Asymmetry across track of the lines depth difference between lines

Asymmetry across track of the lines + Quality of outer beams o Need for explanation!

26 Conclusions: A happy ending? o EM2040: o IHO SO S44 compliant for -65 to 65 o Inconsistency of the bathymetry from one line to another o Asymmetry across track of the lines + Quality of outer beams o Need for explanation! o Comparison HV Ter Streep, RV Belgica and RV Simon Stevin: o Simon Stevin s EM2040 is provisionally out-of-competition o average solution of EM3002D systems within 2cm of reference o EM3002D s are both fully IHO SO compliant

27 Continental Shelf Service Website: /continentalshelf

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