7.014 Lecture 17: Carbon and Energy Metabolism
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1 MIT Department of Biology Introductory Biology, Spring Lecture 17: Carbon and Energy Metabolism March 14, 2005 Summary of the options for Life (the simplified view see also Freeman Ch 25) utotrophs Organism Carbon Source Energy Source Oxygenic pro and euk CO2 sun noxygenic prokaryotic CO2 sun Chemosynthesis prokaryotic CO2 Reduced chemical compounds erobic Respiration pro or euk organic C organic C naerobic Respiration pro or euk organic C organic C Fermentation pro or euk organic C organic C euk = eukaryotic 1
2 PHYCOCYNIN BSORPTION CHLOROPHYLL b B- CROTENE PHYCOERYTHRIN CHLOROPHYLL a UV WVELENGTH OF LIGHT ( nm) Figure by MIT OCW. Figure removed due to copyright considerations. Please see: Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, ISBN: Fig
3 Dark reactions + NDP + Light O 2 B e- NDP + (Photo)utotrophs O H + Plant Dark reactions + NDP + Light S, SO 4 B e - NDP + (Photo)utotrophs S H + Bacterial (anaerobic) 3
4 Dark reactions + NDP + Light e - B NDP + H + (Photo)utotrophs and produced in light reaction used on dark reaction Type B oxygenic (plant) O O 2 anyoxygenic S S, SO 4 Dark reactions + NDP + Light Net Reaction e - B NDP + H + (Photo)utotrophs NET: Light energy used to convert to Type B oxygenic (plant) O O 2 anyoxygenic S S, SO 4 4
5 (Chemo) utotrophs Dark reactions + NDP + Chemosynthesis D E C F (releases energy) (requires energy) D (requires energy) NDP + C Type C D E F sulfur-oxidizing S S, SO 4 O 2 O S S, SO 4 NO 3 N 2 O nitrifying NH 3 NO 3 O 2 NO 2 O (Chemo) utotrophs Dark reactions + NDP + Chemosynthesis D E C F (releases energy) (requires energy) D (requires energy) NDP + C Type C D E F sulfur-oxidizing S S, SO 4 O 2 O S S, SO 4 NO 3 N 2 O nitrifying NH 3 NO 3 O 2 NO 2 O Chemical energy used to convert to 5
6 Figure removed due to copyright considerations. Please see: Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, ISBN: Fig Respiration pyruvate Krebs cycle O 2 erobic Respiration B O 6
7 Respiration pyruvate Fermentation Lactate (3C) or Ethanol (2C) Krebs cycle Fermentation B Respiration pyruvate Krebs cycle naerobic Respiration NO 3 - B NO, N 2, N 2 O,NH 3 7
8 Respiration pyruvate Krebs cycle naerobic Respiration B These are examples: Many things can serve as electron acceptors Type B aerobic O 2 O sulfate-reducing SO 4 S or S denitrifying NO 3 NO, N 2, N 2 O, NH 3 Figure removed due to copyright considerations. Please see: Freeman, Scott. Biological Science. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, ISBN: Fig
9 Reduced Compounds Glucose C O O O 2 erobic respiration Chemosynthesis NH 4 + S SO 4 NO 3 naerobic respiration S SO 4 Bacterial photosynthesis Oxidized Compounds Oxic Conditions noxic Conditions Take Home Messages There is more than one way to be alive energy and carbon and electrons Microbes have most of the metabolic diversity available Products of one organism are the substrate for another Where metabolic pathway is energetically favorable, a microbe has evolved to take advantage of it 9
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