Cellular Energy Section 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy

Transcription

1 Cellular Energy Section 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy Scan Section 1 of the chapter and make a list of three general ways in which cells use energy Review metabolism Use your book or dictionary to define metabolism. New adenosine triphosphate cellular respiration energy metabolism photosynthesis Use your book or dictionary to define each vocabulary term. thermodynamics 78 Cellular Energy

2 Section 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy (continued) Transformation of Energy Organize at least seven of your body s cell processes that require energy. Energy in Cell Processes Metabolism Compare the laws about how energy flows. Give an example of each. Defined Example First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Sequence the flow of energy from the Sun to heterotrophs. Cellular Energy 79

3 Section 8.1 How Organisms Obtain Energy (continued) Compare and contrast catabolic and anabolic pathways by writing characteristics of each in the Venn diagram. Catabolic Both Anabolic ATP: The Unit of Cellular Energy Summarize ATP and ADP. ATP Explain how your body uses ATP, and list the three parts of the molecule. ADP Explain how ADP is made from ATP. SUMM ARIZE from this section. Design a concept map to show the three most important ideas 80 Cellular Energy

4 Cellular Energy Section 8.2 Photosynthesis Scan Section 2 of the chapter. Write two questions that come to mind from reading the headings and the illustration captions. 1. Review carbohydrate New Calvin cycle 2. Use your book or dictionary to define carbohydrate. Use your book or dictionary to define each vocabulary term. granum NADP+ pigments rubisco stroma thylakoid Academic transport Define transport to show its scientific meaning. Cellular Energy 81

5 Section 8.2 Photosynthesis (continued) Overview of Photosynthesis Phase One: Light Reactions Summarize the functions of the light-dependent and lightindependent reactions by completing the sentences. Plants and other green organisms light-dependent reactions use from. The light-dependent reactions change. into the molecules to make. The The light-independent reactions produce, which are then made into, which stores energy in plants., such as Create a concept web to summarize what you know about chloroplasts and chlorophyll. chloroplast Photosynthesis Analyze how leaves change color in the fall. chlorophyll 82 Cellular Energy

6 Section 8.2 Photosynthesis (continued) Phase Two: The Calvin Cycle Model light-dependent reactions in a flow chart. Compare light-dependent and light-independent reactions by putting each phrase into the correct part of the Venn diagram. forms stored energy occurs in the chloroplast makes NADPH occurs in the dark makes sugar uses Calvin cycle needs sunlight uses electron transport chain Light-Dependent Both Light-Independent Alternative Pathways SUMM ARIZE reactions. Compare two alternative photosynthesis pathways. Identify plants that use each pathway. Pathway: Description: Plants that use this pathway: Pathway: Description: Plants that use this pathway: Explain the results of light-dependent and light-independent Cellular Energy 83

7 Cellular Energy Section 8.3 Cellular Respiration Scan the headings, illustrations, and captions in Section 3 of the chapter. Write three facts that you discover about cellular respiration Review cyanobacterium Use your book or dictionary to define cyanobacterium. New Read the definitions below and write the correct vocabulary term in the blank. metabolic process that does not require oxygen in cellular respiration, a series of anaerobic chemical reactions in the cytoplasm that break down glucose into pyruvic acid; forms a net profit of two ATP molecules metabolic processes that require oxygen in cellular respiration, a cycle of chemical reactions that break down glucose and produce ATP; energizes electron carriers that pass the energized electrons on to the electron transport chain a series of anaerobic reactions in the cytoplasm that regenerate NAD + for glycolysis and produce ATP; supplies energy for aerobic organisms when oxygen is low in cellular respiration, the processes that take place in the mitochondrion and require oxygen; includes the Krebs cycle and electron transport 84 Cellular Energy

8 Section 8.3 Cellular Respiration (continued) Overview of Cellular Respiration Rephrase the function of cellular respiration in your own words. Write the equation that describes it. Function: Equation: Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Compare and summarize the three stages of cellular respiration. Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport a series of chemical reactions that break down pyruvate from glycolysis takes place in takes place in takes place in Anaerobic Respiration produces two ATP molecules for every glucose molecule that is broken down produces provides energy for ATP production final electron acceptor is Sequence events that lead to fermentation in aerobic organisms. Cause: Fermentation follows It replaces the Krebs cycle and Fermentation is needed to Cellular Energy 85

9 Section 8.3 Cellular Respiration (continued) Summarize a process of fermentation that is useful to humans. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Compare photosynthesis and respiration in a Venn diagram. Photosynthesis Respiration Both SUMM ARIZE processes. Create a graphic organizer to compare aerobic and anaerobic 86 Cellular Energy