4. Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme NAD+.

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1 AP Biology Reading Packet 3- Respiration and Photosynthesis Name Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration 1. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. 2. Why does reducing a molecule give that molecule greater potential energy? 3. In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced? 4. Label the diagram below of the electron movement with regard to the coenzyme NAD+. 5. Why are electron transport chains an advantage to living systems? 6. What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration? 7. What is substrate-level phosphorylation? 1

2 8. Complete the chart below re: glycolysis 9. Label the transition reaction converting pyruvate to acetyl coa below: 2

3 10. Address the following aspects of the citric acid cycle: a. Where do the Carbons go that are removed? b. What is happening when NAD+ à NADH + H+? c. Beginning with one molecule of acetyl-coa, what are the end products of the citric acid cycle? 11. How is oxidative phosphorylation different from substrate-level phosphorylation? 12. What are cytochromes and how do they function in the electron transport chain? 13. Define chemiosmosis and label the diagram below: a. chemiosmosis- 3

4 14. Label the diagram below of the activities occurring on the ECT. 15. Complete the summary diagram of cellular respiration. You really need to know this information! 4

5 16. Label the diagram of fermentation below: 17. Does aerobic cellular respiration happen in prokaryotic organisms if yes where? 18. What is the overall purpose of fermentation? Why does it have to occur? 19. What is a facultative anaerobe? 20. What is the evolutionary significance of glycolysis? 21. Why do fats provide a little more than twice as many calories per gram as compared to carbohydrates or proteins? Hint: Think of the output of the Citric Acid Cycle. 22. Why would AMP stimulate cellular respiration and ATP inhibit it? 5

6 23. How is allosteric regulation of phosphofructokinase used for the control of cellular respiration? Chapter 10: Photosynthesis: 1. Label the diagram below: 2. Explain the experimental reasoning that Van Niel used to understand photosynthesis. 3. Use the diagram to label and identify the two broad stages of photosynthesis. 4. What is carbon fixation? 5. What is a photon? 6

7 6. Why are leaves green? 7. Describe Engelmann s experiment and explain its results. 8. What is the difference between an absorption spectra and action spectrum? 9. What happens to chlorophyll when it is hit by light? How does this relate to potential energy? 10. Identify the following parts of a photosystem: a. Photosystem b. Light harvesting complex c. Reaction center d. Primary electron acceptor 11. What are the steps in noncyclic electron flow in photosynthesis? 12. What is cyclic electron flow and why is it necessary? 7

8 13. Along with a written response, use the diagram below to compare and contrast chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts. 14. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities in the light reactions of photosynthesis: 15. Describe and explain the overall purpose of the Calvin cycle and each phase listed below: a. Calvin cycle b. Carbon fixation 8

9 c. Reduction d. Regeneration 16. Label the diagram below of the Calvin Cycle. You don't need to name the intermediary compounds. 17. What is a plant s most valuable resource and why did plants need to evolve adaptations for hot, arid climates? 18. Why is photorespiration such a waste? 19. Use the diagram below to explain C4 plants. 9

10 20. What are CAM plants and what is their advantage? 21. Use the diagram below to summarize the activities of photosynthesis. 10

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