AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name

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1 AP Bio-Ms.Bell Unit#3 Cellular Energies Name 1. Base your answer to the following question on the image below. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Which of the following choices correctly completes the statement below? During photosynthesis, H2O is to form O2, whereas during respiration, O2 is to form H2O During photosynthesis, letter X marks the spot for which of the following processes? A) Carbon fixation, electron transport chain, and ATP synthesis B) Photophosphorylation, photosystem I, and carbon fixation C) Photosystem II, electron transport chain, and photosystem I D) Calvin cycle, glycolysis, and ATP synthesis E) Calvin cycle, electron transport chain, and photosystem I 2. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related in plants? A) They occur in the same organelles. B) Both respiration and photosynthesis use the same starting materials. C) The products of photosynthesis are the starting materials for respiration, and vice versa. D) They are not related. E) Both respiration and photosynthesis have the same product. 3. ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial and chloroplast membranes is a A) phospholipid B) triglyceride C) nucleic acid D) glycocalyx E) protein 4. Where is the most ATP made during aerobic cellular respiration? A) Golgi apparatus B) Thylakoids C) Electron transport chain D) Cytoplasm E) Ribosomes 5. Which is true of photosynthesis? A) Glucose is broken down B) This process may occur in a dark environment C) This life process takes place in the cells of each organism D) CO2 and H2O are taken in by the cells E) O2 is taken in by the cells 6. Base your answer to the following question on the free energy diagram below. A) oxidized; oxidized B) metabolized; hydrolyzed C) reduced; oxidized D) reduced; reduced E) oxidized; reduced 8. The need for cellular efficiency limits A) cellular respiration B) numbers of organelles C) surface area: volume ratio D) types of organelles E) none of the above 9. During strenuous exercise, why do human muscle cells switch to lactic acid fermentation? A) To produce to ATP. B) To get rid of lactate. C) To perform aerobic respiration. D) To produce NADH. E) To get rid of CO The gas needed for photosynthesis is A) CO2 obtained by diffusion regulated by guard cells B) O2 obtained by diffusion regulated by guard cells C) CO2 obtained by diffusion through the upper epidermis D) H2O obtained by osmosis through veins E) O2 obtained by diffusion through veins 11. All of the following statements are true of glycolysis EXCEPT: A) It is a stage of photosynthesis. B) It is an anaerobic process. C) It occurs in the cell cytoplasm. D) It converts glucose into pyruvic acid. E) It produces pyruvic acid which enters the mitochondrion. 12. During photosynthesis, energized photosystems embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts produce which of the following? A) ATP and NADPH B) ADP and H2O C) H2O and ATP D) Sugar and O2 E) ATP and NAD ATP, NADPH2 and O2 are the products of which of the following biological processes? A) The electron transport chain B) Glycolysis C) The Kreb's cycle D) The Calvin Cycle of photosynthesis E) The light photochemical reaction of photosynthesis 14. High energy phosphate bonds are present in which of the following molecules? I. Glucose II. ATP III. Water A) I only B) II only C) III only D) I and II E) II and III 15. X + Y XY + energy Which of the following best characterizes the reaction represented above? A) Oxidation - reduction B) Hydrolysis C) Catabolism D) Exergonic reaction E) Endergonic reaction 16. Which of the following are reactants in photosynthesis? A) Carbon dioxide and water B) Carbon dioxide and glucose C) Oxygen D) Glucose E) Nitrogen The G of this reaction is A) c B) b + c C) a D) a + c E) b

2 Unit#3 Cellular Energies 17. What distinguishes C3 plants from C4 plants? A) C4 plants have two types of photosynthetic tissue, while C3 plants have only one type. B) C3 plants are found only in dry, hot environments, while C4 plants are found in all environments. C) Only C4 plants are capable of photosynthesis. D) They are members of different phylum. E) There are no differences between the two. 18. Chemiosmosis in photosynthesis occurs A) across the thylakoid membrane B) within the grana only C) within the stroma only D) across the chloroplast membrane E) across the plasma membrane 19. During photolysis, the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, A) oxygen is released as a by-product of the redox reactions B) the majority of chemical reactions take place in the thylakoid disks, which are located in the ribosome C) PGAL diffuses out of the chloroplast and produces substances such as sucrose and starch D) chlorophyll pigments absorb green light E) RuBP combines with carbon dioxide to make a six-carbon molecule 20. During cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are generated via A) fermentation and the electron transport chain B) substrate phosphorylation and fermentation C) glycolysis and the electron transport chain D) the Kreb's cycle and the electron transport chain E) the Kreb's cycle and glycolysis 21. The processes of photosynthesis pass from the A) thylakoid disc to stroma B) stroma to grana C) stroma to thylakoid disc D) thylakoid disc to grana E) grana to thylakoid disc 22. In photosynthesis, electrons that participate in the ETC are released by A) magnesium B) NADP C) oxygen D) cytochrome a E) hydrogen 23. An experiment was performed to determine the rate of photosynthesis in C3 plants under different light conditions. Base your answer on the diagram below. Which is the easiest means of determining the rate of photosynthesis in these plants? A) Net oxygen output B) Glucose use C) Net carbon dioxide output D) Net nitrogen output E) ATP production Base your answers to questions 24 and 25 on the choices below. (A) Glycolysis (B) Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle) (C) Calvin Cycle (light independent reactions of photosynthesis) (D) Light dependent reactions of photosynthesis (E) Oxidative phosphorylation 24. Process which involves the formation of pyruvic acid 25. Process in which water molecules are decomposed in oxidation-reduction reactions

3 Unit#3 Cellular Energies 26. Chloroplasts and mitochondria generate ATP by the same mechanism. Explain the mechanism, and include a detailed description of the structure of the organelles. 27. Base your answer to the following question on the choices below. (A) Stroma (B) Grana (C) Photolysis (D) Chlorophyll a (E) Rubisco Light-absorbing pigment that participates in photosynthesis 28. Wavelength of light affects the rate of photosynthesis. Design an experiment to test the effect of wavelength on photosynthesis. Explain how the rate of photosynthesis would be measured. Describe and explain the results you would expect from the experiment. 29. There are similarities and differences between the biochemical reactions of aerobic respiration and photosynthesis in eukaryotes. Discuss the reactants and products, the energy transfers, and the structure of the organelles involved.

4 Answer Key Unit#3 Cellular Energies 1. C 2. C 3. E 4. C 5. D 6. E 7. E 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. A 13. E 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. E 23. A 24. A 25. D D

5 Answer Key Unit#3 Cellular Energies 26. During chemiosmosis proton gradients are established to generate ATP. In mitochondria, ATP are generated in the matrix space. Protons are pumped out of the matrix through electron carriers, and then diffuse back into the matrix through the inner mitochondrial membrane. The protons that diffuse back into the matrix flow through the ATP synthase, causing the synthase complex to rotate. As the synthase complex moves, conformational changes allow ADP and phosphate join to form ATP. Similarly, in chloroplasts, the proton gradient forms across the membrane. The hydrogen ions are pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space, and then diffuse back into the stroma. As the hydrogen ions flow, the ATP synthase functions in the same manner as in mitochondria, and produces ATP in the stroma. 28. To test the effect of wavelength on photosynthesis, expose green plants to identical conditions except for the wavelength of light reaching the plant. At least three different wavelengths should be tested. Good choices to use for wavelength of light would be approximately 400nm (purple light), 550nm (green light), and 700nm (red light). To measure the rate of photosynthesis, O2 production should be measured, which directly correlates to the rate of photosynthesis because O2 is a product in the reaction. The expected results would be the greatest rate of photosynthesis in the plants exposed to the 400nm wavelength, followed by the 700nm wavelength. The 550nm wavelength would be least effective because green light is the most reflected by green plants and therefore is not absorbed by the plants. 29. The reactants of aerobic respiration are glucose and oxygen, and the products are carbon dioxide, ATP and water. In photosynthesis, the reactants are two of the products of aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide and water. The products are the reactants in respiration, glucose and oxygen. In photosynthesis, light energy is converted into chemical energy, while in respiration, no light energy is used. Both photosynthesis and respiration take place in organelles containing double membranes. Photosynthesis in the chloroplasts involves both the thylakoid space and the stroma. Respiration, which takes place in mitochondria, occurs in the intermembrane space and the matrix, which is equivalent to the thylakoid space and the stroma in chloroplasts.