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1 Warm-Up State the products of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis, state which product has chemical energy, and describe how that product is made.

2 KREBS ETC FADH 2 Glucose Pyruvate H 2 O NADH NADH O 2 Cytoplasm Mitochondrion

3 Glucose produced in photosynthesis is sent from chloroplast to cytoplasm (or absorbed through bloodstream of animals). Plants Animals

4 Glucose produced in photosynthesis is sent from chloroplast to cytoplasm (or absorbed through bloodstream of animals). Glycolysis: glucose is first broken in half electrons go to the electron carrier NADH free energy is captured in ATP * Glycolysis *cytosol = cytoplasm

5 Glucose produced in photosynthesis is sent from chloroplast to cytoplasm (or absorbed through bloodstream of animals). Glycolysis Glycolysis: glucose is first broken in half electrons go to the electron carrier NADH free energy is captured in ATP The products are some ATP, some NADH, and 2 three-carbon pyruvate molecules. Glucose NADH ATP 2 Pyruvate

6 In the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate first releases one carbon (as CO 2 ), producing acetyl CoA (electrons are again loaded into NADH). Krebs Cycle

7 In the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate first releases one carbon (as CO 2 ), producing acetyl CoA (electrons are again loaded into NADH). Acetyl CoA is then broken in two CO 2 molecules, loading electrons onto NADH and another electron carrier called FADH 2. Acetyl CoA NADH FADH 2 ATP

8 In the Krebs Cycle, pyruvate first releases one carbon (as CO 2 ), producing acetyl CoA (electrons are again loaded into NADH). Acetyl CoA is then broken in two CO 2 molecules, loading electrons onto NADH and another electron carrier called FADH 2. In total, 1 glucose going through glycolysis + Krebs = 10 NADH, 2 FADH 2, and 4 ATP molecules.

9 CTQ #1 Based on the model of the Krebs Cycle to the right, which of the following scientific questions best addresses the transfer of energy during cellular respiration? (LO 2.4) a. Is more water consumed or produced during the Krebs Cycle? b. Is the input and output of carbon atoms the same during Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle? c. How do NAD+ and FAD accept electrons during the Krebs Cycle? d. How do NADH and FADH2 contribute to ATP synthesis during cellular respiration?

10 The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse:

11 The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH 2 load electrons

12 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH2 load electrons which travel through proteins in the cristae membrane and release protons (H+)

13 The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH 2 load electrons which travel through proteins in the cristae membrane and release protons (H + ) creating an electrochemical gradient

14 The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH 2 load electrons which travel through proteins in the cristae membrane and release protons (H + ) creating an electrochemical gradient driving ATP synthase to produce ATP

15 Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH2 load electrons which travel through proteins in the cristae membrane and release protons (H+) creating an electrochemical gradient driving ATP synthase to produce ATP and O2 accepts electrons, becoming H2O.

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17 The electron transport chain looks just like it does during the light-dependent reaction, but in reverse: NADH and FADH 2 load electrons which travel through proteins in the cristae membrane and release protons (H + ) creating an electrochemical gradient In total, the electron transport chain produces 32 ATP molecules. driving ATP synthase to produce ATP and O 2 accepts electrons, becoming H 2 O.

18 The electron transport chain is the only reaction which requires oxygen (O 2 ). In the absence of O 2 (an anaerobic environment), glycolysis can still make ATP. Krebs Cycle

19 The electron transport chain is the only reaction which requires oxygen (O 2 ). In the absence of O 2 (an anaerobic environment), glycolysis can still make ATP. Ethanol Instead of converting pyruvate into useless NADH and FADH 2, anaerobic respiration collects some ATP from glycolysis and converts pyruvate into lactic acid and ethanol.

20 Ethanol A process otherwise known as fermentation! The electron transport chain is the only reaction which requires oxygen (O 2 ). In the absence of O 2 (an anaerobic environment), glycolysis can still make ATP. Instead of converting pyruvate into useless NADH and FADH 2, anaerobic respiration collects some ATP from glycolysis and converts pyruvate into lactic acid and ethanol.

21 Also how your muscles get sore! Lactic Acid The electron transport chain is the only reaction which requires oxygen (O 2 ). In the absence of O 2 (an anaerobic environment), glycolysis can still make ATP. Instead of converting pyruvate into useless NADH and FADH 2, anaerobic respiration collects some ATP from glycolysis and converts pyruvate into lactic acid and ethanol.

22 Which process produces more ATP: aerobic or anaerobic respiration? WITH O 2 Krebs Cycle

23 Which process produces more ATP: aerobic or anaerobic respiration? WITHOUT O 2 Krebs Cycle

24 BONUS CTQ The ability for electrons to be loaded and transported through the electron transport chain is directly tied to the ability of oxygen to accept the electrons (become H 2 O) at the end of the electron transport chain. Explain how an organism could obtain free energy in the form of ATP without the presence of oxygen.

25 Closure State which molecule is the final electron acceptor of cellular respiration, and state which molecule is the initial electron donor of photosynthesis.