Prof. Jouni Pulliainen

Transcription

1

2 Prof. Jouni Pulliainen Arctic and Space Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Space Center

3 Long arctic time series from the meteor. observatory in Sodankylä First thermo-/barometer based records in 1856 Meteor. station during the 1st Int.Geophysics Year 1882/83 Continuous homogenized synoptic weather records Upper air soundings from 1949 onwards Solar radiation observations since 1957/58 (1st IPY) Radioactivity monitoring since 1963 Air quality observations since 1970s Ozone and UV-observations 1988 Stratospheric Aerosol/Humitidy mid 1990s Micrometeorological tower 1999 Weather radar at Luosto 2000 Satellite data processing 1998 Satellite data reception 2003 Large capacity satellite data reception & archiving 2011 WMO hosted comparative instrument set of snow/rain observations 2013 WMO GAW and GCW primary site ICOS primary site

4 FMI Arctic Activities: National Satellite Data Centre (NSDC) Satellite data reception and products for Finnish and international users (FMI Sodankylä centre) NSDC provides real-time radar (SAR) data for the Arctic (eliminating the effect of cloudiness/darkness) SAR applications: Flood monitoring Ice charting (information for ice breakers) Infrastructure conditions (roads, dams, bridges) COSMO-SkyMed SAR data products: Flood area/depth in Pudasjärvi (17/5/2015) and ice conditions in the Gulf of Bothnia (30/4/2014) 4

5 NSDC Processing Facilities at Sodankylä Customized processing of satellite data and CAL-VAL (in situ, ground-based remote sensing) Long-term archiving and high speed data delivery (10 Gbit /s) Open data delivery and cloud services Hosting external processing lines in virtual environments Security/Safety standards according to ESA requirements UPS + backup generator Dual cooling and air-conditioning Fire extinguisher system Sodankylä GS 5

6 NSDC Real-Time Satellite Data Acquisition and Processing Current operational (free access) EOS-Terra/MODIS (USA) EOS-Aura/OMI (USA) Suomi-NPP/VIIRS, OMPS (USA) FY-3B & FY-3C / MERSI (China) Current operational (commercial) COSMO-SkyMed (Italy) Copernicus Sentinel ground segment (free access) Sentinel-1 Collaborative GS: National Mirror Site and data downlink (local reception) Sentinel-2/3 Collaborative GS : National Mirror Site Helsinki Sodankylä 6

7

8 Sodankylä NSDC Arctic Products: Snow Cover and Soil Frost of the Northern Hemisphere from Microwave Radiometer Satellite Data Snow mass (SWE) in 1 Dec and the day of soil freezing in autumn/winter of 2013 using U.S. DMSP SSMIS and ESA SMOS satellite data

9 FMI-NSDC Products for Hemispheric and Regional SWE: Snow extent and mass using space-borne microwave radiometry GlobSnow Hemispheric 25-km-SWE daily CDR on SWE (EaseGrid/0.25⁰ lat-lon grid) Revision in 2016 under FP-7 ERA-CLIM2 project NRT processing in operation: daily, September May Implemented in former ESA GlobSnow project, future with EUMETSAT H-SAF EU-Copernicus Land Monitoring Service s Hemispheric 5-km-SWE NRT processing starting 2016: daily, year-round (EaseGrid) VIIRS/IMS-mask for the snow extent (Sentinel-3 SLSTR in future) Data servicestbd Copernicus Hemispheric 5-km-SWE, 2016/03/16 Super-Resolution-SWE, 2013/02/16 EUMETSAT H-SAF Pan-European 0.25⁰-SWE (H13) NRT processing in operation: daily, year-round (lat-lon grid) hsaf.meteoam.it Prototype Pan-European 0.05⁰-Super-Resolution- SWE (SR-SWE) NRT processing in operation: daily, year-round (lat-lon grid) VIIRS/IMS-mask for the snow extent (Sentinel-3 SLSTR in future) saana.nsdc.fi 9

10 Finnish Sentinel Collaborative Ground Segment at NSDC 1. Local reception of Sentinel-1 SAR Direct Broadcast Focus on NRT and Quasi-Real-Time products Special Interests: S1 -> Baltic Sea ice conditions, oil spills, floods, infrastructure N E 2. National Sentinel mirror site Provision of Sentinel data to Finnish and other Data users S1, S2, S3 and S5P (free access) Medium-term data archive Automated data processing lines for customized products Hosting of processing services Sentinel Core GS DHuS National Sentinel Mirror Archive S1, S2, S3, S5P National DHuS SEN3APP Sentinel 1 Spacecraft Sodankylä GS S-1 Reception Chain Sentinel-1 L0 L1 S5P UV S1 S2 S3 NRT data NRT data FMI Ice Service 10

11 Finnish Collaborative GS 1. Collaborative Acquisition Station Local downlink of Sentinel-1 pass-through data Focus on Quasi-Real-Time services Ice monitoring to support icebreakers operating in Baltic Sea Data requirements S1 pass-through EW HH+HV AoI: Baltic Sea Timeliness: QRT < 1 hrs Daily products Current status: S1 DFEP and IPF installed S/C tasking in progress Automated scheduling of downlink and processing to be developed Sodankylä National Satellite Data Centre 11

12 Baltic Sea Ice Monitoring Commercial and environmental needs Finland is essentially an island ~90% of Finland s import and export via sea routes Gulf of Finland is one of the most busiest marine routes for oil transport Operative Service Availability target 99.9% Quasi-real-time / NRT needs Daily products Customer: Finnish Transport Agency Finnish, Swedish, Estonian Ice breakers Operations: Fully automated processing lines at Sodankylä Operators and ice analysts in 2 shift /7 monitoring of the processing lines Data need: Sentinel-1 EW HH+HV pass-through (+RSAT2, CSK, TSX) AOI: Baltic Sea Time: Nov May FMI Sodankylä CMEMS RSAT2 CSK TSX FMI Helsinki Sodankylä National Satellite Data Centre S1 CSK L0 processing L1 processing L2 processing Ice Service 24/7 monitoring Ice analysts 12

13 Finnish Collaborative GS 2. Collaborative Archive Centre Local mirror site: S1, S2, S3, S5P Dissemination to local users and neighboring countries Long-Term Archiving Bulk processing Automated product generation (water quality, snow cover and SWE ) Hosted processing services (IaaS, PaaS) Current status: Automated downloading in place S1 downloaded from colhub since spring 2015 S2 downloading: Operational since May 2016 Dissemination system (FINHUB) FINHUB data dissemination opened in May 2016 Areas of Interest Marine research EW HH+HW, Arctic Ocean, Greenland Caspian sea, Antarctica Operational use: EW HH+HW, Baltic Sea operational backup Land applications: IW VV+VH IW HH+HV Areas of Interest Water quality: - Baltic Sea drainage basin Snow and Hydrology: - Baltic Sea drainage basin Land use applications - Finnish and Estonian land area Areas of Interest SLSTR: - Baltic Sea drainage basin (FSC, lake ice, Land cover) - Northern Hemisphere (FSC, SWE) OCLI: - Pan-European (FSC, lake ice, Phenology) Sodankylä National Satellite Data Centre 13

14 Data dissemination - FINHUB Sentinels data dissemination to users Utilises the ESA developed DHuS system Easy to migrate from ESA SciHub Same Graphical user interface Same M2M interface Mostly Finnish users, but also users from Skandinavia, Central Europe Current archive data volume: > 150 TB Sodankylä National Satellite Data Centre 14

15 Data volumes - estimate Sodankylä National Satellite Data Centre 15

16 Calibration and Validation at NSDC ESA

17 Major NSDC Reference and Calibration Instruments for Earth Observation Satellites Sodankylä FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer) Validation and calibration of JAXA GOSAT and NASA OCO-2 carbon monitoring satellites Column amounts of CO2, CH4 and N2O ESA Elbara-II for SMOS satellite CAL-VAL L-band (1.4 GHz) microwave radiometer Continuous SMOS reference measurement Ground moisture/frost algorithm development Also reference for NASA SMAP mission Sodankylä FTIR station

18 CO 2 concentration and daily fluxes at Pallas (north boreal spruce forest) CO 2 pitoisuus (ppm) CO 2 päivätase (gco 2 m -2 d -1 ) T H M H T K H E S L M J

19 Strategy in connecting EO, in situ data and models in high latitude carbon studies

20 Mixed / spruce forest, thicker organic layer Pine forest, mineral soil Saariselkä tundra site Sparse forested wetland Open wetland

21 Hydrological Modelling to follow from snow to energy Development of FMI in-house Operational Hydrologic Forecasting Capability (HOPS) Gridded Conceptual model with physically based parameterization schemas as a basis Detailed modeling of actual watershed processes is excessively complex for operational applications Physically based models requires more data than available in many areas A simple conceptual model with physically based parameter estimation enables faster model implementation and likely more or less similar results System components adapted from NWS (USA) operational hydrological models

22 Arctic Research Centre/NSDC On-site facilities Accommodation up to 40 persons, canteen Lecture hall Several meeting rooms Extensive wifi Workshops: metal, wood, electronics Biological laboratory Dark room Several saunas and river-side hut Main focus on Satellite activities: reception, processing and archiving CAL-VAL super-site Freeze/thaw measurements Snow measurements: in-situ, airborne and spaceborne Atmospheric soundings Meteorological observatory CO2 and CH4 fluxes (different ecosystems) Campaigns and training schools ESA/NoSREx ( ) COST-Pergamon summer school (2013) WMO/SPICE meeting (2014) Snow physics training school (2015, 2017) 4 cars - 5 snowmobiles - 2 ATVs

23 Intelligent Road weather station Built in year 2011(basic equipment) Located near Sodankylä on the main road E75 between Sodankylä Rovaniemi Electricity + Warm equipment booth, Control PC Basic set of road weather station measurements Road temp, air temp, wind, rain Verified additional measurements Visibility measurement (Vaisala PWD 22), snowdrift and road snowdrift Frost and road frost depth measurement (Stevens Hydra Probe II), cm Road weather camera Nearby measurements Distrometer, weather radar, snow depth Communication Data link to FMI with Viola 3G link Data link to FMI ARC with Wi-Fi under configuration 23 23

24 Improving road weather measurements Basic set of road weather station measurements Road surface temperature, air temperature + moisture, wind speed and direction, rain Verified additional data Friction Surface condition Salt level Visibility Other Rosa system LEDGUIDE Combined Road Weather Station and Road Side Unit 24 24

25 Proposal for NSDC Cryospheric/Baltic Thematic/Regional Exploitation Platform Satellite data traditionally processed in monolithic processing centres Paradigm change towards distributed centres Thematic/Regional Exploitation Platform provides: Fast access to thematic/regional data Processing capacity: cloud, grid, clusters (IaaS) Processing software: toolboxes, commercial sw (PaaS) => Cloud services enabling product development and value-added services of private sector and other users Satellites ESA missons 3rd party missions Sentinel missons EUMETSAT missons Data User Community Data Sourcing Data Provisioning Data archiving Service Provisioning Sentinel Core GS Sentinel Coll. Missions External data archives 3rd party Mission data arch. Scientists Application developers Legacy mission data arch.

26 Thank You for Your Attention! Arktisten alueiden ympäristöhavainnointia Sodankylässä / Jyri Heilimo 26 Kuva: Matias Takala