Some NOAA Products that Address PSTG Satellite Observing Requirements. Jeff Key NOAA/NESDIS Madison, Wisconsin USA

Transcription

1 Some NOAA Products that Address PSTG Satellite Observing Requirements Jeff Key NOAA/NESDIS Madison, Wisconsin USA WMO Polar Space Task Group, 4 th meeting, Greenbelt, 30 September 2014

2 Relevant Missions and Products NPP/JPSS VIIRS Ice characterization Ice age Ice thickness Ice concentration Ice surface temperature Snow cover Polar winds GCOM-W1 AMSR-2 Snow cover Snow depth Snow water equivalent (SWE) Ice characterization Ice age Near Future JPSS Sea ice leads (VIIRS) GOES-R ABI (future) Fractional snow cover (baseline) Snow depth - plains only* Ice cover Ice concentration Ice thickness/age Ice motion* (*Future capabilities = descoped) Ice concentration 2

3 Relevant Missions and Products (for this presentation) NPP/JPSS VIIRS Ice characterization Ice age Ice thickness Ice concentration Ice surface temperature Snow cover Polar winds GCOM-W1 AMSR-2 Snow cover Snow depth Snow water equivalent (SWE) Ice characterization Ice age Near Future JPSS Sea ice leads (VIIRS) GOES-R ABI (future) Fractional snow cover (baseline) Snow depth - plains only* Ice cover Ice concentration Ice thickness/age Ice motion* (*Future capabilities = descoped) Ice concentration 3

4 VIIRS Ice Thickness Near real-time 750 m Also from MODIS and AVHRR

5 Ice Thickness Intercomparison (01/2011~03/2013, March) APP-x CryoSat-2 SMOS PIOMAS APP-x: extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder SMOS: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity PIOMAS: Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (U. Washington)

6 Ice Thickness Intercomparison (10/ /2008, February-March) APP-x ICESat PIOMAS

7 Ice Thickness Intercomparison (03/2009~04/2013, March) APP-x, AVE=2.94, STD=0.57 IceBridge, AVE=2.36, STD=1.03 CryoSat-2, AVE=2.53, STD=0.61 SMOS, AVE=1.44, STD=0.29 PIOMAS, AVE=2.41, STD=0.58

8 VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature Near real-time 750 m VIIRS IST has small (0.5 K) cold bias relative to MODIS. Composite of VIIRS Ice Surface Temperature on 27 Feb 2012.

9 VIIRS Binary Snow Cover March 23, 2013 S-NPP VIIRS March 23, 2013 AVHRR METOP VIIRS Binary Snow Map agrees well to other similar satellite products (AVHRR, MODIS) and provides a realistic characterization of the global snow cover distribution

10 VIIRS Snow: Agreement to Station Data Daily statistics of correspondence between VIIRS snow and in situ data Percent agreement between VIIRS and in situ data - Agreement to IMS is above 90% for most of the days - Mean agreement in winter months is close to 94%.

11 AMSR2 Snow Depth/SWE Snow depth (left) and snow water equivalent product (right) on 25 December

12 Under development: Sea Ice Leads The reflectance at 0.64 m from MODIS (upper left), mask of leads derived using group thresholds method (upper right), distributions of lead segment width (lower left), and lead segment orientation (lower right) based on the mask of leads. The scene is over the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas on March 11, 2009.

13 Polar Wind Products MODIS Polar Winds Aqua and Terra separately Operational Aqua and Terra combined, bent pipe Direct broadcast (DB) at McMurdo, Antarctica; Tromsø, Norway; Sodankylä, Finland; Fairbanks, Alaska EW AVHRR Polar Winds Global Area Coverage (GAC) for NOAA- 15, -16, -17, -18, -19 Metop-A, -B Operational HRPT (direct readout) at Barrow, Alaska, and Rothera, Antarctica Historical GAC winds, Operational VIIRS Polar Winds (Details on following slides) Operational LEO-GEO Polar Winds Combination of many geostationary and polar-orbiting imagers Fills the degree latitude gap Polar winds products are used operationally by 13 NWP centers in 9 countries.

14 Single-satellite Winds: VIIRS The VIIRS polar winds product is now operational (May 2014). VIIRS winds are also generated on-site at Fairbanks, Alaska. Other direct broadcast sites will be added in the near future.

15 LEO-GEO Winds Data from a variety of satellites are blended and used for AMV generation. The images are composites of the Geo (GOES, Meteosat-7 and -9, FY-2C, MTSAT-1R, Kalpana- 1) and Leo satellites (NOAA-15 through NOAA-19, Metop-A, NASA s Terra and Aqua). Fills the o latitude gap. Status: Generated routinely (hourly). Could be operational in 2016.

16 Climate Data Records Extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x) Historical AVHRR polar winds Surface albedo SCOPE-CM/CM SAF

17 Extended AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP-x), Cloud Forcing, Autumn

18 Historical AVHRR Polar Winds Generally two satellites at any given time, NOAA-7 through -19 Global Area Coverage (GAC) data gridded at 5 km. Cloud-track winds using IR channel only (no water vapor channel). Status: Currently reprocessing. Will be probably be used in NASA and ECMWF reanalyses.

19 Summary Several NESDIS products from passive vis/ir sensors (VIIRS, AVHRR, MODIS) are available to address satellite requirements identified for PSTG: Sea ice thickness (but not the operational VIIRS Sea Ice Characterization) Ice surface temperature Ice concentration Snow cover (binary; not the operational VIIRS snow fraction) Polar winds (various products) Several NESDIS products from passive microwave (AMSR2) will be operational in late 2015 or early 2016: Snow cover Snow depth and SWE Ice characterization Coverage is Arctic and Antarctic, 375 m 10 km (depending on product), 100 min orbital swaths

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