Evaluation of new chemistry insecticides for controlling invasive pest in citrus orchard

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1 Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): Interntionl Journl of Advned Reserh in Biologil Sienes ISSN: DOI: /ijrs Coden: IJARQG(USA) Volume 5, Issue Reserh Artile DOI: Evlution of new hemistry insetiides for ontrolling invsive pest in itrus orhrd Mushr Iql 1, Mlik Mzhr Hussin 2, Khlil ur Rehmn 3, Mqool Shh 4, Mzher Frid Iql 5, Muzzmmil Hussin 6, Zeeshn Iql 7 nd Atik Sikndr 8 Pest Wrning nd Qulity Control of Pestiides, 1 Chishtin, 2 Bhwlngr, 3 Minhnd, 4 Lodhrn Punj-Pkistn 5 Lioning Key Lortory for Biologil Invsions nd Glol Chnges, 8 College of Plnt Protetion, SYAU, Lioning Provine, P. R. Chin 6 Adptive Reserh, Gujrnwl Punj-Pkistn 7 Deprtment of Animl Sienes, University of Srgodh, Punj-Pkistn Astrt The field experiment ws plnned to evlute the effiy of different new hemistry insetiides viz. Thimethoxm, Imidloprid, ifenthrin nd Spintorm for ontrolling Citrus Lefminer (CLM) t Chishtin during All the insetiides were effetive however thimethoxm gve etter ontrol fter 24 nd 48 hours so tht Bifenthrin nd Spintorm were effiiently ontrolled CLM fter 72 nd 96 hours of sprying. The R 2 vlue is greter (R 2 =0.7279) fter 24 hours of sprying thn other tretments whih indited highly signifint regression of CLM popultion with environmentl onditions (Mximum & Minimum temperture ( o C), Morning nd Evening Reltive Humidity (%) however moderte trend line ws developed fter 48 (R 2 =0.4346), 72 (R 2 =0.6665) nd 96 (R 2 =0.5951) hours of tretment ompred to ontrol. The dt ws olleted efore sprying in sme spryed plot showed moderte regression reltion (R 2 =0.5252; R 2 =0.5454; R 2 =0.4923; R 2 =0.5475) ompred to environmentl onditions. At the end it ws onluded tht the frmers of this region re dvised to use ifenthrin nd spintorm for the est mngement of itrus lefminer with the onsulttion of Pest Wrning nd Qulity Control of Pestiides, Chishtin. Keywords: Phyllonistis itrell; new hemistry insetiides, Control, Southern, Punj-Pkistn Introdution Citrus lefminer (CLM), Phyllonistis itrell Stinton elongs to fmily Grillriide nd Order Lepidopter distriuted serious primry pest of itrus orhrds (Heppner 1993). The speies of itrus like Mndrins, Ornges nd Grpefruit re importnt in the world long with Pkistn. Mny different ntive nd invsive inset pest ttks on the itrus plnt however CLM is ntive to South Asi nd Chin (Frenh et l. 2001, Legspi et l. 1999). The pest delines in winter however in spring its signifint popultions were reorded (Knpp 1995). Hene trees of three yers old re less suseptile to lefminer ttk. The CLM lid eggs singly eneth the fleshy leves, hth in few dys nd eome lrve whih immeditely enter in the lef sheth nd strt feeding. Lrve strted to develop mines resulting urling nd injured the leves. Usully one mine is present per lef, ut in high ttk my e 2 to 3. The young lrve hving 4 instrs, its development tkes ple from 5 to 20 dys nd it pupte in mine. The dults of 100

2 Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): inset emerge out in dwn nd tive in morning, the other tivities tke ple in dusk however femles ly eggs t evening (Bdwy 1967, Bettie et l. 1995, Heppner 1993). The feeding infesttion is limited on the epiderml lyer produing trnsprent thin overing or silvery film over the mine whih ontins utile nd ell wll (Belsque et l. 2005). After hevy infesttion the urling of the leves tkes ple whih lter eome hloroti resultntly neroti. Hene infested leves re frequently deformed resulting deth from the plnt (Ahor et l. 1997, Peñ et l. 1996). The lef injured fter feeding lso filittes the trnsmission nd soure for the estlishment of terium using itrus nker (Ando et l. 1985, Cook 1988, Gottwld et l. 1997, Gottwld et l. 2001, Hill 1918, Rodrigues et l. 1998). Insetiides ply vitl role for suppressing insetpest popultions espeilly during high infesttions. Hphzrd use of hemil pestiides ginst this pest rete resistne (Hoy 1996) however hemils leve hrmful effets on nturl enemies nd nturlly grown popultions (Hung nd Li 1989). The dults of the inset prolong its period nd overlp its emergene resulting multiple sprys reorded (Peñ 1998). The prtie of ulturl nd iologil ontrol ourred simultneously on the Mediterrnen ost of Europe, in the Middle Est, nd North Afri from 1993 to 1995 (Mlus, Uygun). The present study hd een plnned to evlute the effetiveness of four pestiides for ontrolling lefminer in itrus orhrd (CLM) Chishtin, Punj-Pkistn. Mterils nd Methods Experimentl outline The field experiment ws lid out to evlute the effiy of different new hemistry insetiides viz. Thimethoxm 62gh -1, Imidloprid 187mlh -1, ifenthrin 150mlh -1 nd Spintorm 50mlh -1 for ontrolling lefminer in itrus orhrd (CLM) ompred to ontrol nd the dt efore sprying in sme plot in moonsoon seson t Chishtin. Rndomized Complete Blok Design (RCBD) with three replitions (eh replition hving three rows in hetre) ws onsidered t villge Chk 211/F Tehsil Chishtin with ltitude of nd longitude during The insetiides were spryed mnully y knpsk hnd spryer with spry volume of 250literh -1 through hollow one nozzle. The numers of itrus lefminor (CLM) popultions efore nd 24, , 72, 96 hours long with ontrol tretments were reorded with the help of mgnifying lens. Mortlity (%) ws reorded y pest souting tking hundred old, fresh nd ffeted leves rndomly seleted from three different lotions from eh plot y using eqution (1). M = 100 (1) Where M = mortlity perentge; IB = Inset popultion efore tretment; IA = Inset popultion fter tretment (Iql 2015). Dt nlysis The finl dt were nlyzed sttistilly y one-wy ANOVA in onjuntion with test (Steel et l. 1997). Men differenes were lulted y the Dunn s Multiple Rnge (DMR) test t (P<0.05) signifint level. All nlysis were rried out using SPSS 13.0 (In.) (Feng et l. 2009) however the grphil representtions were dopted y using Sigm-Plot 10 softwre. Coeffiient of determintion The Coeffiient of determintion (R 2 ) vlue in hrt ws used to test the models for vlidity tht develop trend or regression type etween two vriles (Hossin et l. 2017). Results nd Disussion Figure-1 showed tht mximum mortlity ws reorded y the pplition of ifenthrin (31.07%) nd thimethoxm (30.99%), these were sttistilly non signifint (P>0.05) to eh other ut differed signifintly (P<0.05) with other tretments 24 hours fter spying using one-wy ANOVA. However fter 48 hours signifint mortlity ws reorded y sprying of thimethoxm (54.01%). Bifenthrin reorded signifintly high mortlity (64.46%, 83.63%) fter 72 nd 96 hours however Spintorm fter 96 hours produed (84.35%) ompred to ll other tretments. Our results re in line with reserher who reported tht imidloprid gve etter effiy on CLM euse of systemi mode of tion (Sls et l. 2006) however the growth of nurseries nd newly plnted trees of itrus were retrded due to its hevy infesttion. The reserher reorded tht Thimethoxm ws effetive for ontrolling P.itrell 10g.i. h -1 in wter, however this onentrtion gve mximum mortlity of CLM when

3 used in petroleum oil (Rg et l. 2001). Thimethoxm 25WG (0.06 %) ws the most signifint tretment for ontrolling itrus lefminer (Jdhv 2015). Phyllonistis itrell Stinton ws Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): ontrolled signifintly with systemi insetiides i.e. Imidhloprid, Thimethoxm (Srvnn nd Svithri 2005). In soil pplition of imidloprid, etmiprid nd thimethoxm reveled tht ll these insetiides were effetive for ontrolling CLM upto 20 dys fter pplition (Chdd et l. 2009) hours fter Sprying 48 hours fter Sprying 72 hours fter Sprying 96 hours fter Sprying P< Mortlity (%) Thimethoxm 25WG Imidhloprid 20SL Bifenthrin 10EC Spintorm 360EC Figure-1 showing mortlity (%) of CLM vs insetiidl tretments (where P<0.05) The R 2 vlue is greter (R 2 =0.7279) fter 24 hours of sprying thn other tretments whih indited highly signifint trend or regression type of CLM popultion with environmentl onditions (Mximum & Minimum temperture ( o C), Morning nd Evening Reltive Humidity (%) however mod erte trend ws developed fter 48 (R 2 =0.4346), 72 (R 2 =0.6665) nd 96 (R 2 =0.5951) hours of tretment ompred to ontrol (Figure-2) in the studied re. Figure-2 showing power reltion of mortlity (%) vs Environmentl onditions (Mximum nd Minimum temperture o C, Reltive Humidity (%) morning nd night. Wheres HAS (hours fter sprying) 102

4 Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): Figure-3 reorded tht highly signifint mortlity ws reorded y ifenthrin t 24 hours (29.16%); 48 hours (51.62%); 72 hours (67.16%) 96 hours (84.45%) fter sprying, however spintorm (65.60%) nd (85.06%) showed non-signifint (P<0.05) with eh other nd reorded highly signifint (P<0.05) mortlity with rest of the tretments. In soil pplition roots sored imidloprid trnsloted in the plnt (Tttr et l. 1998). Mximum pest popultions were uild-up on new flush leves however mximum mines re found in Otoer to Deemer, ut n e seen throughout the yer. Endosulfn 35EC proved to e the est insetiide fter first pplition, followed y thimethoxm 25WG, lufenuron 50EC, methiodethion 40EC for ontrolling CLM (Jdhv 2015). The folir pplition of thimethoxm remined effetive ginst P. itrell. Our results re ontrditory to the reserher who reported tht imidloprid ws most effetive ginst CLM (Ld et l. 2010). After 7 th dy of sprying imidloprid reorded higher mortlity (89.04%) this ws t pr with fenvlerte HAS 48 HAS 72 HAS 96 HAS P< Mortlity (%) d 20 0 Thimethoxm 25WG Imidhloprid 20SL Bifenthrin 10EC Spintorm 360EC Figure-3 showing mortlity (%) vs insetiides (where P<0.05) Figure-4 showed moderte trend line or regression type (R 2 =0.5252; R 2 =0.5454; R 2 =0.4923; R 2 =0.5475) with the dt olleted efore sprying in sme spryed plot ompred to vrying level of environmentl onditions (Mximum nd minimum temperture ( o C), Reltive Humidity (%) t morning nd evening time). Figure-4 showing power reltion of mortlity (%) vs Environmentl onditions (Mximum nd Minimum temperture o C, Reltive Humidity (%) of morning & night 103

5 Conlusion At the end it ws onluded tht thimethoxm gve etter ontrol fter 24 nd 48 hours of sprying. Bifenthrin is effetive 24, 72 nd 96 hours however Spintorm gve etter mortlity 72, 96 hours fter sprying of insetiides. The frmers of this region re dvised to use ifenthrin nd spintorm for the est mngement of itrus lef miner with the onsulttion nd oordintion of Pest Wrning nd Qulity Control of Pestiides, Chishtin. Referenes Ahor DS, Browning H, Alrigo LG Antomil nd histohemil effets of feeding y itrus lefminer lrve ( Phyllonistis itrell Stinton) in itrus leves. J. Amer. So. Hort. Si.122: Ando T, Tguhi K-y, Uhiym M, Ujiye T, Kuroko H (7Z, 11 Z) -7, l1-hexdedienl: Sex Attrtnt of the Citrus Lefminer Moth, Phyllonistis itrell Stinton (Lepidopter, Phyllonistide). Agri. Bio. Chem. 49: Bdwy A morphology nd iology of Phyllonistis itrell Stint., itrus lef-miner in the Sudn (Lepidopter: Tineide). So. Ento. Egypt Bull. Bettie GAC, Somsook V, Wtson DM, Clift AD, Jing L Field evlution of Steinernem rpopse (Weiser)(Rhditid: Steinernemtide) nd seleted pestiides nd enhners for ontrol of Phyllonistis itrell Stinton (Lepidopter: Grillriide). Aust. Ento. 34: Belsque J, Prr-Pedrzzoli A, Rodrigues J, Ymmmoto P, Chgs M, Prr J, Hrtung JS Adult itrus lefminer (Phyllonistis itrell) re not vetors for itrus nker in experimentl miroosms. Plnt Dis. 89: Chdd R, Shrm DR, Dhliwl HS Effiy of neoniotinoids ginst lef miner, Phyllonistis itrell stinton infesting nursery of rough lemon. J. Res. 46: Cook AA Assoition of itrus nker pustules with lef miner tunnels in North Yemen. Plnt Dis. 72. Feng Y-L, Lei Y-B, Wng R-F, Cllwy RM, Vliente-Bnuet A, Inderjit, Li Y-P, Zheng Y-L Evolutionry trdeoffs for nitrogen llotion to photosynthesis versus ell wlls in n invsive plnt. Pro. Ntionl Ad. Si. 106:1853. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): Frenh JV, Khlke CJ, D Gr JV First reord of the Asin itrus psyll, Diphorin itri Kuwym (Homopter: Psyllide) in Texs. Sutro. Plnt Si. 53: Gottwld TR, Grhm JH, Shuert TS An epidemiologil nlysis of the spred of itrus nker in urn Mimi, Florid, nd synergisti intertion with the Asin itrus lefminer. Fruits. 6: Gottwld TR, Hughes G, Grhm JH, Sun X, Riley T The itrus nker epidemi in Florid: the sientifi sis of regultory erdition poliy for n invsive speies. Phytopthology. 91: Heppner JB Citrus lefminer: University of Florid Coopertive Extension Servie, Institute of Food nd Agriulture Sienes, EDIS. Hill GF History of Citrus Cnker in the Northern Territory:(with Notes of Its Ourrene Elsewhere): Deprtment of Homes nd Territories. Hoy MA Mnging the Citrus Lefminer: Proeedings: University of Florid. Hossin MSAA, Lixue W, Chen T, Li Z Lef re index ssessment for tomto nd uumer growing period under different wter tretments. Plnt Soil Env. 63(10): Hung MD, Li SX The dmge nd eonomi threshold of itrus lefminer, Phyllonistis itrell Stinton to itrus. Studies on integrted mngement of itrus inset pests Division of Citus Inset Pest Control, Gungdong Entomologil Institue, Gungzhou, Chin Ademi Book nd Periodil Press (In Chinese with English summry) Iql MF, Hussin M, Wqr MQ Effiy of folier fungiides for ontrolling whet rust. Int. J. Adv. Multidisip. Res. 2: Jdhv KD Biology nd mngement of itrus lef miner, Phyllonistis itrell stinton in id lime. Knpp JL Citrus lefminer, Phyllonistis itrell Stinton: urrent sttus in Florid-1995: University of Florid. Ld DL, Ptil SG, More SA Sesonl inidene of Phyllomistis itrell stinton on Ngpur mndrin. Int. J. Plnt Prot. 3: Legspi JC, Frenh JV, Shuff ME, Woolley JB The itrus lefminer Phyllonistis itrell (Lepidopter: Grillriide) in South Texs: inidene nd prsitism. Florid Ent Mlus JC. Sttus nd first studies on the itrus lefminer in Frne: Azur Cost, Corsi nd Reunion Islnd;

6 Peñ JE Popultion dynmis of itrus lefminer (Lepidopter: Grillriide) s mesured y intereption trps nd egg nd lrv smpling in lime. J. Entom. Si. 33: Peñ JE, Dunn R, Browning H Sesonl Aundne of Phyllonistis itrell (Lepidopter: Grillriide) nd its Prsitoids South Florid Citrus. Env. Ent. 25: Rg A, Stol ME, Souz MF, Siloto RC Comprison of spry insetiides ginst itrus lefminer. Arquivos Do Instituto Biologio (So Pulo). 68: Rodrigues JCV, Rossetti V, Mhdo MA, Sorinho JT, de Lim-Nogueir N Citrus lefminer: A ftor for inrese of pests nd itrus nker. Lrnj. 19: Sls H, Gone L, Csmuz A, Sestin Y Control of itrus lefminer Phyllonistis itrell Stinton in nursery lemon plnts with systemi insetiides. Rev Ind Agrõ Tuumán.83. Srvnn L, Svithri P Effiy of insetiides ginst the itrus lefminer, Phyllonistis itrell Stinton on id lime. J. Entom. Res. 29: Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dikey DA Priniples nd proedures of sttistis: A iologil pproh: MGrw-Hill. Tttr TA, Dotson JA, Ruizzo MS, Stewrd VB Trnslotion of imidloprid in three tree speies when trunk-nd soil-injeted. J. roriul. (USA). Uygun N Sttus of the itrus lefminer in Turkey. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. (2018). 5(6): Aess this Artile in Online Wesite: Sujet: Agriulturl Quik Response Sienes Code DOI: /ijrs How to ite this rtile: Mushr Iql, Mlik Mzhr Hussin, Khlil ur Rehmn, Mqool Shh, Mzher Frid Iql, Muzzmmil Hussin, Zeeshn Iql nd Atik Sikndr (2018). Evlution of new hemistry insetiides for ontrolling invsive pest in itrus orhrd. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Si. 5(6): DOI: 105