Alternative Control Strategies for Cabbage Aphids in Fall Crops
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1 Alterntive Control Strtegies for Cge Aphids in Fll Crops By Susn B. Scheufele UMss Extension Vegetle Progrm Cge phids (CA) cn severely reduce yield nd mrketility of rssic crops throughout the yer ut cn e especilly dmging to fll heding crops like cge nd Brussels sprouts. Growers hve identified cge phids s mjor priority for reserch nd n re where the currently ville mngement strtegies re flling short of production needs. Therefore, we set out to determine 1) the efficcy of lterntive insecticides to control phids nd 2) the potentil contriution of phid predtors in reducing phid popultions nd dmge to sensitive crops like Brussels sprouts. Best Mngement Prctices for Cge Aphids Especilly in Brussels Sprouts Destroy crop residues promptly fter hrvest: CA overwinters s eggs on residues. Spry residues? Prevent coloniztion of crop y plnting grss uffer, living mulch, or white mulch mkes it hrder for winged phids to find the plnts Rogue infested plnts out in erly seson they relly seem to cluster Biocontrol. Nturlly occurring prsitic wsp Dieretiell rpe cn chieve high rtes of prsitism, lowering # nd reproduction rte preserve y using selective mterils for control of cterpillrs (Bt), recruit with insectry flowers Scout erly nd often: Aphids first oserved here June 1 this yer Spry regulrly to prevent outreks. Tret if >10% of the plnts re infested with phids, especilly fter heds or sprouts egin to form. Or select 10 leves t 10 sites for 100 leves per field, nd tret if >20% hve phids. Or follow this sequentil smpling procedure to reduce time spent scouting: o Conventionl: Pyrethroids, orgnophosphtes, Belef, Fulfill (selective), Exirel, Neonics resistnce my develop, rotte! o Orgnic / Conventionl: Azdirctin, oil, sop, Mycotrol Alternting M-Pede nd Azer (+ growing ner insectry) >80% mrketle sprouts (UNH, 2016) Mixing oil nd sop ws more effective thn either lone (Gilrein, personl comm) Improve coverge Drop nozzles, directed nozzles, hollow cones, high pressure nd volume, ALWAYS use SPREADER/STICKER when sprying rssics! Remove lower leves? Increse spcing or switch to one-row
2 Experiment 1: Insectry Plnts to Attrct Aphid Predtors nd Increse Mrketility of Brussels Sprouts, In this study our gols were to determine: when nd how insectry plnts might e most effectively intercropped with Brussels sprouts; which species of flower might e most ttrctive to syrphid flies nd prsitic wsps; nd to develop protocols for ssessing the ctivity nd efficcy of these eneficil insects in reducing phid popultions. Methods: Brussels sprouts ( Dilo ) were seeded on Mrch 20 nd trnsplnted into two order rows with 36 in-row spcing. Five flower species were plnted on June 30 in rndomized complete locks (15 sq. ft.) with unplnted uffers etween them. Seeds were sown t pproximtely 5 oz/1000 sq. ft. nd thinned to 6 prt. Alyssum seedlings were purchsed t locl grden center Syrphid Fly Activity nd trnsplnted on June 30 to chieve clumps/plot. Counted the numer 0.4 of visits y ees nd wsps or syrphid 0.35 flies in n 8-10 sq. in. re for 1-2 minutes, three times per plot. We lso 0.3 collected syrphid fly nd wsp smples in 0.25 order to identify insect species present 0.2 over time Aug 30-Aug 1-Sep 4-Sep 8-Sep 11-Sep Buckwhet Phceli Alyssum Clendul
3 Bees & Wsps Activity Aug 30-Aug 1-Sep 4-Sep 8-Sep 11-Sep Evlution of Alterntive Insecticides to Control Cge Aphids in Cge, Buckwhet Phceli Alyssum Clendul Tle 1. Reduction in numer of phids fter sprying shows reltive efficcy of products tested. 28-Aug 4-Sep Product # % # Aphids Aphids Reduction Untreted Wrngler Suffoil-X M-Pede Pygnic Aztin O Grndevo WDG Mycotrol O PFR Methods: Cge ( Cpture ) ws seeded on June 7 nd trnsplnted on July 8 t 18 in-row spcing in rows on 6 centers. Tretment plots were 20 in length nd rndomized complete locks design with 4 replictions ws used. Once the first phids were oserved, tretments were pplied once men of 10 phids/plnt ws reched using pressurized kpck spryer equipped with on hollow cone nozzle delivering 90 gllons per cre nd operting t 60 psi. We counted phids nd mummies weekly nd will collect mrketle yield s well. Prsitism Rte (%) Conclusions: Of the OMRI-pproved insecticides tested the insecticidl sop M-Pede nd the zdirctin-sed product Aztin O significntly reduced the numer of cge phids per plnt on three dtes while other products did not significntly reduce CA numers (see Figures 1 nd 2 next pge). Mixtures or rottions of these two products my e even more effective thn either one used lone.
4 Totl Aphids per Plnt Untreted Wrngler Suffoil-X M-Pede Pygnic 5.0 Aztin O Grndevo WDG Mycotrol O PFR Aug 4-Sep 11-Sep 18-Sep 25-Sep 29-Sep 6-Oct Figure 1. The OMRI-pproved insecticides tested were not s effective s the conventionl control ut some of them did show significnt reductions in CA numer towrds the end of the seson.
5 Totl Aphids per Plnt c c c Untreted Suffoil-X M-Pede Pygnic 5.0 Aztin O Aug 4-Sep 11-Sep 18-Sep 25-Sep 29-Sep 6-Oct Figure 2. Aove re some of the more effective products tested. Brs tht shre letter re not significntly different from ech other.
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