Responses of N 2 O, CH 4 and CO 2 emissions and vegetable production to biochar application. Junxiang Jia, Zubin Xie, Zhengqin Xiong*

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1 Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct , 211, Nnjing Responses of N 2 O, CH 4 nd CO 2 emissions nd vegetble production to biochr ppliction Junxing Ji, Zubin Xie, Zhengqin Xiong* Nnjing Agriculturl University zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 1

2 Rpidly incresing concentrtions of CO 2,CH 4 nd N 2 O in the tmosphere ~ 379 ppm ~ 1774 ppb ~ 319 ppb IPCC 27, AR zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 2

3 % 9% 2% Technicl mitigtion potentil- Agriculture 89% IPCC 27 Smith et l.,

the tmosphere. 211-1-11-13 zqxiong@nju.edu.

4 They retin substntil portion of the crbon fixed by plnt-- -- net reduction of CO 2 in the tmosphere zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 4 interntionl.org

5 interntionl.org

6 Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct , 211, Nnjing Responses of N 2 O, CH 4 nd CO 2 emissions nd vegetble production to biochr ppliction zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 6

7 Indirect N 2 O ZHU, XIONG,XING, zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 7

8 Much lower nd vrible emission fctor (EF5) for indirect emissions in the wtershed re

9 Mechnism-denitrifiction Tropospheric, mbient ir, surfce soil ir, primry forest soil pits, profile soil gses from yer 25 nd yer 26, other fertilized fields other unfertilized forest soils (Xiong et l., J.G.R., 29) 9

26, 2225-2234 Much higher N 2 O from intensive vegetble

10 26, Much higher N 2 O from intensive vegetble fields thn from croplnd! zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 1

12 Tretment estblishment during the choy sum nd mrnth growing sesons in Nnjing, 211 Tretment CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Ure (kg N h -1 ) Choy sum (Mrch 3~My 1) Mnure (t h -1 ) Biochr (t h -1 ) no ppliction no ppliction UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; unpublished dt UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn Amrnth (My 13~June 11) no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction no ppliction

13 2 N2O flux (ug N m -2 h -1 ) Choy sum Amrnth.5 CH4 flux (mg C m -2 h -1 ) CO 2 flux (mg C m -2 h -1 ) CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure=5:5; UM2, ure:mnure=7:3 UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr UMB1, ure :mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr UMB2, ure :mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr Mr-4 Mr-18 Apr-1 Apr-15 Apr-29 My-13 My-27 Jun zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 13

14 4. Nitrous O xide Ure vs UB1,2 Cumultive N2O-N emissions (kg h -1 ) c b UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive N 2 O emissions. Mens with SD brs. UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 14 bc c c c unpublished dt

15 Cumultive CH 4-C emissions (kg h -1 ) Me thne Crbon dioxide Ure vs UB1,2 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 d c c CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive CH 4 emissions nd ecosystem respirtion. Mens with SD brs. UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. c 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 15 b Cumultive CO 2 -Cemissions (kg h -1 ) unpublished dt

16 3 Yield Ure vs UB1,2 25 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 Yield (kg h -1 ) cd d de bc cd b 5 e CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Fresh yield. unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 16

17 GWP(kg CO 2 eq h -1 ) b GWP GHGI b b b Ure vs UB1,2 UM1,2 vs UMB1,2 b b b GHGI (kg CO 2 eq kg -1 veg.) 2 c C K Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 bc c bc c.2 unpublished. dt Globl wrming potentil (GWP=25 CH N 2 O) nd greenhouse gs intensity (GHGI=GWP/fresh yield) UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 17

18 Cumultive CH 4-C/N2O-N emissions (kg h -1 ) Nitrous O xide Methne Crbon dioxide 8 3 Yield (kg h -1 )/GWP(kg CO 2 eq h -1 ) -1 Cumultive CO 2 -Cemissions (kg h ) GWP Yield GHGI GHGI (kg CO 2 eq kg -1 veg.). CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 Cumultive N 2 O, CH 4, CO 2 emissions nd yield, GWP, GHGI. Mens with SD brs. CK Ure UM1 UM2 UB1 UB2 UMB1 UMB2 unpublished dt UM1, ure:mnure =5:5; UM2, ure :mnure=7:3; UB1, 2 t h -1 biochr; UB2, 4 t h -1 biochr; UMB1, ure:mnure= 5:5, 3 t h -1 biochr; UMB2, ure:mnure = 7:3, 3 t h -1 biochr. 4 kg N h -1 for ll tretments except CK; Mnure 34 g N kg zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 18

19 Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct , 211, Nnjing Summry Biochr ddition significntly reduced N 2 O emissions by 71% when ure-only ws pplied nd by 75% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied; incresed ecosystem respirtion by 98 % nd 137% when ure-only nd combined ure-mnure ws pplied, respectively; no obvious influence on CH 4. Biochr ddition significntly incresed vegetble production by 93% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied whers no influence on yield when ure-only ws pplied. Biochr ddition significntly reduced GWP by 71% nd GHGI by 73% when ure-only ws pplied; reduced GWP by 75% nd GHGI by 87% when combined ure nd mnure ws pplied zqxiong@nju.edu.cn 19

20 CS (ChngShu) LY (LiuYng) pddy soils CS rice-whet nnul rottion LY double rice cropping

21 N 2 O CS CO 2 LY Dynmic vrition of N 2 O nd CO 2 emissions ffected by biochr incorportion from two pddy soils

22 Soil mkes the difference s well

23 N 2 O CO 2 Fig. 2 Cumultive N 2 O emission rtes from CS () nd LY (b) pddy soils, nd CO 2 emission rtes from CS (c) nd LY (d) pddy soils. Tretment codes: CS, ChngShu pddy soil; LY, LiuYng pddy soil; ck, control; N, N fertilizer; B, biochr; BN, biochr plus N fertilizer.

24 Resons for depressed N 2 O emissions following biochr ddition Both pprent net N minerliztion nd net nitrifiction were inhibited by biochr ddition

25 Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct , 211, Nnjing

26 Biochr Reserch Development & Appliction, Oct , 211, Nnjing Thnks for your ttention!

Will aged Biochars continue to reduce N 2 O emissions?

Will aged Biochars continue to reduce N 2 O emissions? Will ged Biochrs continue to reduce N 2 O emissions? C. Kmmnn 1, C. Finke 1, A. Lim, 2 T. Clough 3, S. Tsi 2, W. Teixeir 4, G. Brker 5 & C. Müller 1 1-University Gießen, Germny; 2-CENA University So Polo,