Satellite Cloud & Icing Products at NASA Langley Research Center
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1 Satellite Cloud & Icing Products at NASA Langley Research Center Patrick Minnis NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA Friends/Partner in Aviation Weather Forum NBAA Convention, Atlanta, Georgia September 27, 2007
2 OBJECTIVE Develop operational near-real-time satellite-derived cloud & icing products - for integration into the Current Icing Potential & Forecast Icing Potential products - for assimilation into RUC - for possible use as a cockpit product
3 APPROACH Apply cloud retrieval algorithms to half-hourly 4-km GOES imagery - cover CONUS with 2 satellites - relate cloud properties to known icing conditions Validate cloud & icing products w/ in situ & sfc remote sensing data - compare in situ, surface, & satellite µ-physical properties - compare cloud-base top & height for icing clouds with a/c altitude, radar, ASOS ceilometer data - determine where & when icing routine fails (PIREPS) Improve cloud & icing products - visual assessment, updating, & upgrading - respond to results of validations - adjust definitions of icing based on objective criteria
4 DATA CONUS GOES-10/12 imager (4-km, min) N & S America Rapid Update Cycle (RUC 13-km => 1, 1/hr) - T(sfc), T(z), RH(z), u(z), v(z) - 1-hr forecast for GOES real time processing - reanalysis for MODIS, AVHRR processing & GOES reprocess Other Areas Terra & Aqua MODIS (1-km, 1/day) NOAA-16/18 AVHRR (1-km, 1/day) Meteosat SEVIRI (3-km, half hourly) MTSAT-1 (5-km, hourly) Global Select areas Eur./Africa E. Asia/Austral./W Pac
5 SATELLITE PIXEL LEVEL CLOUD PROPERTIES CLEAR or CLOUDY EFFECTIVE RADIATING TEMP EFFECTIVE HEIGHT, PRESSURE TOP/BASE PRESSURE & HEIGHT THICKNESS PHASE (0-2) EMISSIVITY WATER DROPLET EFFECTIVE RADIUS OPTICAL DEPTH LIQUID WATER PATH ICE EFFECTIVE DIAMETER ICE WATER PATH ICING POTENTIAL Tc Zc, pc p t, p b, Z t, Z b h P ε re τ LWP De IWP IP
6 AIRCRAFT ICING ICING CONDITIONS ARE DETERMINED BY CLOUD liquid water content, LWC positive w/ intensity temperature, T(z) negative w/ intensity droplet size distribution, N(r) r positive w/ intensity SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING CAN DETERMINE CLOUD optical depth, τ effective droplet size, re liquid water path, LWP cloud top temperature, Tc thickness, h IN CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES
7 CLOUD PRODUCTS VS. ICING PARAMETERS LWP = LWC * h re = f[n(r)] Tc & h can yield depth of freezing layer z t is top of icing layer cloud base height (ceiling) = z t - h IN MANY CASES, SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING SHOULD PROVIDE ICING INFORMATION
8 CURRENT STATUS OF GOES PROCESSING GOES-10 & 12 analyzed each half hour, 18 N - 55 N - G10: 85 W W G12: 65 W W - 8-km (every other line & pixel) - 30-min delay Algorithm continually undergoing changes cloud detection - new thresholds (especially night & twilight) - debugging (input errors, off switches, etc.) - multilayered clouds phase selection - debugging - altered logic
9
10 1545 UTC, 9/26/07
11 Cloud top height
12 Example of G10/G12 Products, 1615 UTC, 12 April 2005 GOES-10 Phase GOES-12 Phase
13 Merged G10/G12 Phase, 1615 UTC, 12 April 2005
14 G10/G12 Icing Related Products, 1615 UTC, 12 April 2005
15 GOES OUTPUT IS A 3-D FIELD, ALBEIT SOMEWHAT CRUDE
16 VALIDATION VISUAL: PIREPS: Compare images with results Generally good comparisons - LaRC past & NCAR (Politovich talk) In situ: Generally good comparisons - TAMDAR, ATRECS, AIRS-II Ceilometer: Sfc LWP: Sfc radar: Cloud base RMS ~ 0.8 km Cloud detection, excellent Generally unbiased except at high end (SGP) Cloud top generally unbiased, RMS ~ 0.8 km
17 overlap regime ztop too low or cloud too thick Comparison of cloud base heights from GOES retrievals & ASOS ceilometer data 1900 UTC, 18 March 2004
18 Multilayered Cloud Detection & Retrieval 1815 UTC, 25 July, 2007 Magenta denotes Ci over low clouds Multilayer detection reduces indeterminate areas!
19 Future Plans Test new RUC versions Continue validation Assess errors in nocturnal icing estimates Finalize overlap detection (remove false supercooled) & retrieval of low clouds underneath cirrus Optimize on Columbia Supercomputer => lag time < 15 minutes For product viewing & download:
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