IDEA. from research to routine

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1 IDEA. from research to routine A collaboration between NASA, EPA, NOAA and CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies

Infusing satellite Data in Environmental Applications (IDEA) http://idea.ssec.wisc.

2 Infusing satellite Data in Environmental Applications (IDEA) Improving National Air Quality Forecasts with Satellite Aerosol Observations (Submitted to Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, May 25, 2004) Jassim Al-Saadi 1, James Szykman 2 *, R. Bradley Pierce 1, Chieko Kittaka 3, Doreen Neil 1, D. Allen Chu 4, Lorraine Remer 5, Liam Gumley 6, Elaine Prins 7, Lewis Weinstock 8, Clinton MacDonald 9, Richard Wayland 10, Fred Dimmick 10, Jack Fishman 1

3 IDEA The IDEA AQI forecasting demonstration was successful in achieving its primary objective to enable or enhance the forecast of an AQI for particle pollution on a daily basis for the month of September J. Szykman et al, 2004.

4 CIMSS experience in near-real time automated products Demonstrated capability and successful collaboration; Transition was achieved through strong collaborations

5 MODIS Cloud Mask (left) & Phase (right) MODIS Total Precipitable Water MODIS Cloud Top Pressure AIRS IR Window BT Images MODIS True Color Why CIMSS? IMAPP MODIS science products Data access and visualization AIRS Water Vapor BT Images

6 What did we learn from this activity?

7 Developers are familiar with products and can view multiple variables. Users can get content overload.

8 Give users control of what they view. Applet that is currently undergoing formative evaluation.

9 Sometimes users want simplicity and familiarity.

10 Provide interpretation with data. Latest Forecast Discussion - September 11, 2004 (Scott Bachmeirer) Air quality continued to deteriorate somewhat across much of the eastern half of the US today, with an increase in coverage of "Moderate" category AIRNow PM2.5 AQI. Corresponding areas of elevated MODIS AOD values were observed over the Mid-Atlantic, Southeast, and Gulf Coast states (MODIS true color image), and also over Texas (MODIS true color image). This elevated AOD is likely a result of a persistent light boundary layer wind regime, along with recent fire activity in those regions (WF_ABBA NOAA HMS). With broad high pressure in place across the eastern US, trajectories indicate a period of slow anticyclonic transport during the next 48 hours, with the majority of trajectories eventually moving northward across the southern and central Plains and the mid-mississippi valley. Some impact on boundary layer air quality is possible in those areas during the forecast period. MODIS AOD values were also slightly elevated farther north, from the Ohio River valley into the Upper Midwest and Great Lakes regions (MODIS true color image), ahead of a slow moving cold frontal boundary. These AOD values remained below the 0.4 threshold for trajectory calculations. AIRNow PM25 AQI remained in the "Moderate" to "Unhealthy for Sensitive Individuals" categories across portions of southern California today, but no Terra MODIS data was available for processing AOD or trajectories over the far western US.

11 Some user comments AQ forecaster from NY: Uses it to learn about PM2.5 forecasting, checking it most days AQ monitor from IA: "The site is great". Could we improve correlation on the West Coast? AQ monitor from VA: "It is an excellent product", checks the site daily, it would be nice to stop the animation at certain points Chief AQ meteorologist from GA: "I like the tool and check it out pretty much on a daily basis unless we're just sacked in." Wants to be able to save specific frames for case studies. AQ monitor for WI, Excellent site, don't currently do PM2.5 forecasting for Wisconsin because of a lack of expertise, but because of this site, they could possibly start.

12 Collocation of MODIS and AIRNOW very valuable for validation. Validation

13 Great validation opportunity Time series of MODIS AOD and in situ PM2.5 observations MODIS In situ PM2.5 1 hr average 24 hr average

14 Summary: What did we learn? Demonstrated capability and successful collaboration ( Through the gate with reasonable people.) Product most useful if supported by forecaster/interpreter Provide users with control over what is seen. Site provides a unique regional diagnosis of AQ issues for state and local AQ personnel; however, we tend to only hear how important it is when we solicit feedback, and the bulk of the cases in which it is used go unreported.

15 A few forecasting break-out session questions What development work must go on to allow the ingestion of satellite data? How can satellite data be used to improve existing emission inventory processes? Where do we think the state of air quality will be in GOES-R NPOESS era? How do we exploit the measurements from geostationary platform? How do we work towards making NASA s satellite derived trace gas and aerosol products available near real time at NOAA?

16 Real-time Assimilation of the Wildfire ABBA Fire Products into the NAAPS Model Exploiting GOES GOES ABBA Fire products assimilated into NAAPS (D. Westphal, E. Prins)

17 Satellite data and forecasting Many quantitative products derived from satellite observations in real time. Web based tool to track storms using satellite and radar data

18 CO signal from smoke using AIRS? High spectral resolution instruments (e.g. AIRS) provide capability for some trace gases Gas CO On-line wavenumber Off-line wavenumber

19 Correlations between trace gas on-line of line detection and fires from aircraft instrument making observations over a controlled burn site. Signal from S-HIS

20 Trace gases from AIRS?

21 Altitude Lidar satellite missions provide opportunity to test aerosol altitude GLAS CALIPSO

22 Satellites can help characterize the surface, both imager and sounders. Aqua MODIS, 6 October 2003

23 Satellites can help characterize the surface, both imager and sounders. Terra MODIS, 10 October 2003

24 ABI Bands Future GOES Imager (ABI) Band Wavelength Range (µm) Central Wavelength (µm) Sample Objective(s) Daytime aerosol-over-land, Color imagery Daytime clouds fog, insolation, winds Daytime vegetation & aerosol-over-water, winds Daytime cirrus cloud Daytime cloud water, snow Day land/cloud properties, particle size, vegetation Sfc. & cloud/fog at night, fire High-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall Mid-level atmospheric water vapor, winds, rainfall Lower-level water vapor, winds & SO Total water for stability, cloud phase, dust, SO Total ozone, turbulence, winds Surface properties, low-level moisture & cloud Total water for SST, clouds, rainfall Total water & ash, SST Air temp & cloud heights and amounts Band 7: Saturation temperature of 400K Current GOES Imagers MSG/AVHRR/ Sounder(s) MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc

25 Collaboration Areas Continue to get user feedback. Will improved temporal sampling of GOES make up for limited aerosol OT capability? Bring in Aqua, GOES and other satellites Estimate trace gases from AIRS (e.g. CO) Aerosol typing from MODIS and other observations How to determine altitude of aerosol? Satellite estimates of surface characteristics. Get ready for the next generation of satellites.

1.2 UTILIZING MODIS SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS IN NEAR-REAL-TIME TO IMPROVE AIRNow NEXT DAY FORECAST OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER, PM2.5

1.2 UTILIZING MODIS SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS IN NEAR-REAL-TIME TO IMPROVE AIRNow NEXT DAY FORECAST OF FINE PARTICULATE MATTER, PM2.5 James Szykman*, John White US EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and