UK Contribution to YMC Observational Field Campaign
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1 UK Contribution to YMC Observational Field Campaign Land, air and sea, operational modelling YMC 3 rd Workshop, Malaysia 2017 Paul Barrett paul.barrett@metoffice.gov.uk
2 UK Involvement in YMC HotHouse TerraMaris FAAM Aircraft, Sea Gliders, Ground Stations, Modelling New Proposal New Name New Timeline Same Objectives Submission very soon Funding Decision: Spring 2018 Field Campaign, IOP, Indonesia Nov 2019 to February 2020 Depends on obtaining permissions early
3 UK Involvement in YMC FAAM Aircraft, Sea Gliders, Ground Stations FAAM BAe146 Aircraft Base: (Jakarta - Halim?) 5 weeks, 25 flights, 5 hours each 2020 Jan / Feb inter-monsoon Ground Based Super Site(s) IOP at same time as Aircraft Campaign Christmas Island (Aus) South West Java (LAPAN site) Seagliders 3 Months, Java - Xmas Island Section Ocean Mixed Layer, Diurnal Warm Layer Atmos Ocean heat and momentum flux
4 Real-time convective-scale forecast models Series of regional models nested directly inside the operational UM global model Forecasts run twice a day: T+120 for full 4.4 km domain T+36 for 1.5 km domains Available for use in supporting other field campaigns Long-term, not just YMC period Improve... global models... large scale atmospheric processes... high impact weather... SE Asia Representation of regional process... convective scale... severe weather Science to operational... develop advice... mitigate against high impact weather.
5 Real-time convective-scale forecast models Series of regional models nested directly inside the operational UM global model Forecasts run twice a day: T+120 for full 4.4 km domain T+36 for 1.5 km domains Available for use in supporting other field campaigns Long-term, not just YMC period Future Upgrade the outer domain to 1.5km Forecasts available on password-protected website: Some agencies already have access
6 UK Proposed Airborne and Ground Field Work Java to Christmas Island transect Research Stations on Java and Christmas Island FAAM Aircraft based near Jakarta Halim range 600nm Seagliders work between Java and Christmas Island FAAM Could also base at: Semerang, Yogyakarta, Bandar Lampung FAAM Sea Gliders (NASA Blue Marble, Topo./Bathy - January)
7 Field campaign overview Australian territory
8 FAAM BAe Operating Characteristics Altitude Envelope Range Endurance Science Speed Limitations 50 ft to 33 kft (in Tropics) 3700 km (2000 nm) 5 Hours 100 m/s (210 kns IAS) 15 m/s max updraught No Hail No Lightening Crew 2 Pilots, 18 Scientists / Observers
9 Instrument Payload Temperature Humidity Liquid water Ice Water Aerosol Inlets Cloud microphysics Radiometers / Interferometers IR: ARIES, sub-mm: ISMAR, Microwave: MARSS
10 BAe146 Flying Across wind surface flux measurements (100ft a.s.l.) ~10 science crew In-situ measurements
11 Ground instrumentation Mobile X-Band Radar Doppler and dual-polarisation capability Flux towers and automatic weather stations Radiosonde system Boundary layer wind profiler Doppler aerosol LiDAR Radiometer
12 Ocean: Seagliders Deploy Seagliders to measure upper ocean structure (T, salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen, ocean warm layer) Seagliders dive every 2 hours to depths of ~1km diurnal cycle Operate automatically for up to 4-5 months, data communicated via satellite Launched from
13 BAe 146 Sortie Plans 25 flights, range of sortie options Characterise structure Boundary Layer prior to convective initiation Land Sea breezes Surface fluxes and boundary layer flux profiles Turbulence Solar (SW) and infra-red (LW) Radiation Cloud Microphysics of early stages of development Land Sea contrasts, heating, Measure high-resolution variability, Temperature, and Humidity Repetition across different MJO phases Whole Sorties or Repeat Sortie Segments Not possible to fly through deep convection
14 BAe 146 Sortie Plans Sortie Type 1 Jakarta, Java to Christmas Island Transect 6.7S, 107.4E to 11S,105.5E Outwards at low level (<2km) Return leg at high level with dropsondes Over-flight of ground stations, research ships? Observe evolution with ground based radar Sortie Type 2, Double Flight, Diurnal Jakarta, Java 8S-5S, E Boundary layer (<2km) Fly at low level on and off shore (Java) multiple times to sample: land-ocean differences and sea breeze development Observe evolution with ground based radar, wind profiler
15 BAe 146 Sortie Plans Sortie Segments Early stages development in Cumulus Aerosol sampling in boundary layer Temperature and humidity Gradients in MJO phases Humidity variability in mid-troposphere Detrained cloud properties Fly at low level over different types of land use (forest, farmland etc) (South Sumatra)
16 Summary TerraMaris proposal submitted (soon) Funding decision: Spring 2018 Field Campaign Nov 2019 to Feb 2020 BAE146 Aircraft Ground stations Java, Christmas Island Seagliders Modelling Component S. Woolnough to present Ongoing at Met Office also
17 Year(s) of the Maritime Continent Met Office / NERC Contribution to the field campaign
18 MRU: Met Research Unit Ground Based Observations 50m Met. Mast 10m Met. Mast Flux towers up to 50m height, including radiation and soil fluxes Radiosonde launches Radiosonde Cloud Radar 94 Ghz Launch Doppler LIDAR Microwave Radiometers Ground Station Comms. Sun Photometer Clun Valley Lidar Photos: Jeff Norwood-Brown
19 MRU: Met Research Unit Tethered Balloon Turbulence Cloud droplet spectra Winds Tethered Balloon Payload
20 MRU: Met Research Unit Unmanned Aerial System UAS Unmanned Aerial System Autonomous ~30 min duration Ceiling (5000ft +) Temperature, Pressure Humidity and wind profiles.
21 Instrument Payload Humidity WVSS-II (0.4 Hz) (other side) 5-port turbulence probe - winds Air sample inlet pipes BBRs Visible Fluxes (and poss IR) Video Cameras Upward and Rearward Forward Downward Dropsonde (other side) Liquid Water Nevzorov 32Hz Ice Water Nevzorov 32Hz Temperature Rosemount 32Hz Humidity GE, Buck < 1Hz Fast Humidity Total Water 32 Hz Sub-millimetre Radiometer ISMAR IR Interferometer ARIES Lidar Cloud Physics Probes PCASP, CDP, CIP15, CIP100, (AIMMS) Microwave Radiometer MARSS
22 BAe146 Operating Base Airfields below meet operational requirements Airport Halim (Jakarta) ICAO Code Island Runway length Elevation WIHH Java 3000m 25m Hangerage Semerang WAHS Java 2680m 3m Yogyakarta WAHH Java 2200m 107m Bandar-Lampung WILL Sumatra 2500m 86m
23 BAe146 Requirements (these are minimums-the a/c can operate from shorter runways but would suffer payload penalties) Runway Length Runway Width Elevation Cross wind limit Crash Category ft (1800m) 150m < 3000ft (900m) unless longer than 9000ft 45 knts
24 Field campaign overview Night-morning Afternoon Radiosondes R/V Investigator MCS Dropsondes Ground site Christmas Island Supersite Java Shuyi Chen (UoMiami)
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