University of Notre Dame 2. University of Utah 3. US Army Dugway Proving Grounds 4. University of Virginia 5. Oregon State University 6
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1 The Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program: The First Field Experiment (MATERHORN-X1) H.J.S. Fernando 1, E. Pardyjak 2, D. Zajic 3, S. De Wekker 4 and J. Pace 3 S. Hoch 2, S. Di Sabatino 1, L. Leo 1, M. Jeglem 2, J. Massey 2, J. Steenburgh 2, D. Jensen 2, V. Kulandaivelu 2, C. Higgins 5, A.Grachev 6 1 University of Notre Dame 2 University of Utah 3 US Army Dugway Proving Grounds 4 University of Virginia 5 Oregon State University 6 CIRES, University of Colorado, and NOAA/ESRL December 3, 2012 This research is supported by Office of Naval Research Award # N
2 MATERHORN-X Team Collaborators IIBR, Israel NCAR University of Bergen, Norway Princeton University University of Vienna, Austria Oregon State University University of Colorado, Boulder
3 MATERHORN Goals 1. Identify and study the limitations of current state-of-thescience mesoscale models for mountain-terrain weather prediction 2. Develop scientific knowledge, technologies and tools to help realize leaps in predictability 3. Identify and address knowledge gaps, e.g. Transition periods Integrate across scales (dissipation scales of turbulence to synoptic scales) Poorly understood physical processes 4. Utilize both traditional and novel techniques to attack the problem
4
5 Diurnal Flow Overview
6 Diurnal Flow Overview Cold Air Drainage Model KLAM 21
7 MATERHORN-I 1. Conducted at the US Army Dugway Proving Grounds from 25 September through 21 October, Consisted of ten 24-hour long IOPs 5 Quiescent (700mb winds < 5ms -1 ) 4 Moderate (700mb winds 5-10ms -1 ) 1 Transitional (dry cold front passage) 6 Nighttime IOPs (1400LT start) 2 Daytime IOPS (0200LT start) 1 Mini-IOP (1200LT-2000LT) 1 Super-IOP (0500LT-1200LT+1day) 3. 2 Precipitation Events (Sept 24, Oct 12)
8 Experiment Details 1. Tower Based Measurements DPG GMAST System Extended Flux Stations (SEB) Suite of supplemental turbulence measurements 2. Ground-Based Remote Sensing Wind LIDARS (UU, UND, ARL) SODAR/RASS (UU, UND) RF Remote Soil moisture Sensing (UND) Ceilometers, FMWC radar 3. Aerial Measurements Twin Otter (CIRPAS, UVA) DataHawk (CU) - UAS Flamingo (UND) UAS 4. Balloon Measurements Radiosonde launches Tethered Balloon soundings 5. Fine Scale Turbulence In Situ Calibration of hot-film probes Flux divergence hot-wire measurements 6. Other Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) Infrared Surface Temperature measurements
9 Overview
10 Addressing Near-Surface Small scale issues
11 Overview
12 East Slope Experiment FLIR Camera H.J.S. Fernando et al. MATERHORN-X1 AGU Fall 2012
13 C. Higgins Oregon State Distributed Temperature Sensing Slight slope, less vegetation Ephemeral stream bed Rocky sloping terrain Tower 2 Tower 3
14 Airborn Doppler Over Complex Terrain TODWL (Twin Otter Doppler Wind Lidar) has been operated (since 2002) by CIRPAS (Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies), a part of the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. TODWL SCANNER Addition TO Measurements In situ fluxes, surface temperature, Met variables conical scans below the aircraft 2µm coherent detection azimuth angle steps of cm two axis scanner, side door mounted Range:.3 21km depending upon aerosols Accuracy: <.10 m/s in three components
15 Time Synoptic 25 C 0 C N/A Diurnal Temperature Range Potential Temperature, Wind, and RH Time-Height Front IOP9 Super IOP8 Mini IOP7 IOP6 Front 5-10 mm Precip IOP5 IOP4 IOP3 Weak Fropa IOP2 IOP1 IOP0 Front
16 Twin Otter Doppler 9 October afternoon mission Wind LIDAR spatial variability of horizontal wind speed and wind direction along southern leg Spatial variability of vertical winds showing semi-organized structures along southern leg
17 Tethered Balloon Playa Wind & Temperature Structures
18 Tethered Balloon Sage Wind & Temperature Structures H.J.S. Fernando et al. MATERHORN-X1 AGU Fall 2012
19 LIDAR Observation East Slope of Granite Peak Flow away from / towards LiDAR a) Shallow Down-slope drainage flow b) Complex flow interactions / Mixing
20 Addressing WRF Temperature Biases Operational WRF runs show a consistent morning warm bias, and afternoon cold bias, especially in the first half of the field campaign
21 Subsurface EFS Measurement Surface 0 cm cm 10 cm 15 cm 25 cm Heat Flux Plates Water Content Reflectometer (except playa) Thermocouple Averaging thermocouple 70 cm Thermal Properties Sensor (1-3 sensors)
22 Addressing WRF Temperature Biases TP01 Thermal property measurement Rain Event Drying Period Dry
23 Radiation Balance Observation Sagebrush vs. Playa
24 Energy Balance Observation Sagebrush vs. Playa
25 1) Successfully completed fall campaign 2) Beginning QC/QA and analysis of the data 3) Preparing for the Spring MATERHORN-II Campaign 4) Working closely with modelers to address specific issues This research was funded by the Office of Naval Research Award # N , Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN) Program. Additional support for the Twin Otter was provided by the Environmental Sciences group at the Army Research Office (ARO).
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