Projeto Temático FAPESP 2013/ Climate Ecosystems Atmospheric Composition

Transcription

1 Projeto Temático FAPESP 2013/ Climate Ecosystems Atmospheric Composition

2 GoAmazon2014/15 Experiment Manaus is a city of 2 million people surrounded by just forest in a radius of Km. UNIQUE situation. The central idea... The aim of the GoAmazon 2014/15 experiment is to analyze how the emissions of pollutants of the city of Manaus interacts with the Amazonian natural biogenic emissions from the forest and how are the impacts on the climate over the forest and ecosystem functioning. Manaus

3 How particles are formed from the interactions of forest biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds with urban emissions? Precipitation Cloud Droplet Number Concentration (CDNC) Lightning Strikes Anthropogenic Emissions Aerosol Particle Number Conc n (CN) Aerosol Particle Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) Activity Natural Processes of Rainforest Ecosystem

4 Seven measuring sampling sites in Central Amazonia ATTO Manacapuru Manaus 500 km TWO years: Jan 2014-Dec 2015

5 Manaus ATTO Manacapuru (T3)

6 Instrumentation deployed at GoAmazon 2014/15 Aerosols Surface: CCN, CLAP, CPC, PSAP, Neph Size distribution, optical properties, Chemistry (AMS), phase, etc... Column: Sunphotometer Atmospheric Profiling Microwave Radiometers (MWR): Profiler, high frequency, 3-channel Balloon-borne Sounding System (SONDE) Clouds Lidar: Micropulse, Raman and Doppler Cloud Radars: Radar Wind Profiler, W- band, Scanning W-Band and Ka-Band Narrow Field of View Total Sky Imager, Ceilometer Radiometers Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, Infrared Thermometer, Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer, Upwelling Radiation, Multifilter Radiometer, Downwelling Radiation, Solar Array Spectrometer- Hemispheric, Solar Array Spectrometer- Zenith Surface Meteorology Eddy Correlation Flux Measurement System, Surface Energy Balance System, Meteorological Instrumentation, Optical Rain Gauge, Tower Camera

7 G5 HALO plane - High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft at the ACRIDICON: Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of CONvective Cloud Systems. Intensive Airborne Research in Amazonia 2014 (IARA-2014)

8 G-1 Flight Paths during GoAmazon Phase 1 (Wet season) Phase 2 (dry season) 16 flights 42.8 hours Feb 15 th - March 26 st, flights 53.7 hours Sep 1 st - Oct 10 th, 2014

9 ACRIDICON Flights G5-HALO plane dry season 2014

10 Effective Radius (μm) Effective Radius (μm) AOD (550 nm) 12 years of remote sensing of aerosols and clouds Clarice Fiorese slide) 0,50 0,45 0,40 0,35 0,30 0,25 0,20 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,00 Aerosol Optical Depth (550 nm) MODIS-Terra - Dry Season Upwind Downwind Cloud Effective Radius Liquid Phase MODIS-Aqua - Dry Season 21 Upwind Downwind Cloud Effective Radius Liquid Phase MODIS-Terra - Wet Season 18,0 Upwind Downwind 20 17, , ,5 16,0 15,5 15,0

11 ATTO: 1.5 years of measurements - Organics dominate PM 1 6 times larger in the dry season organics sulfate nitrate ammonium choride BCe water Water TOTAL = water organic + water inorganic Kappa x organics ISORROPIA2 11

12 Organic aerosols from ATTO to Tiwa and Manacapuru (with BC) Wet T0a Dry T2 T3

13 ATTO Aerosol Size distribution Wet season Dry season

14 What drives light scattering and absorption for PM1? T0a ATTO - Organics versus light scattering and absorption The organics made up to 76% of the fine particles and when investigated as a function of the scattering coefficient (σ 450 ) different patterns (with different slopes) were observed over time. BC also shows different patterns but less pronounced

15 dry season rainy season Transition season One year CCN distribution at the ATTO Site Nov. Dez. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. Mai. Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Transition season rainy season dry season - Somewhat enhanced values in the rainy season. From Mira Kruger and H. Barbosa - the dominant kappa value is around 0.2, with larger values for larger diameters

16 Radar Profiles of Frequency of Cloud Occurrences Wet Season: Low Clouds Dry season 12 Km David Troyan, Mike Jensen, Tami Toto, Scott Giangrande and Karen Johnson

17 G-1 Flight Paths during GoAmazon Aerial View of T3 a. IOP1

18 Vertical profile of particle size distribution under pristine condition during wet season 1200 March 7, m dn/dlog 10 D p (cm -3 ) m 1798 m 598 m 3020 m Altitude (m) D (nm) p Entrained FT aerosol a source of particle number in BL N (D >10nm) p (STP, cm -3 ) Altitude (m) (STP, Mm -1 ) sp

19 CPC COUNTS, GoAmazon2014/5, IOP1, 16 March 2014, 14:41 to 15:49 UTC IARA: Karla Longo, Beat Schmid, Scot Martin, and many important collaborators Slide prepared by Scot Martin

20 CPC COUNTS, GoAmazon2014/5, IOP1, 17 March 2014, 16:24 to 17:31 UTC Slide prepared by Scot Martin

21 PARTICLE ORGANIC, GoAmazon2014/5, IOP1, 17 March 2014, 16:24 to 17:31 UTC Slide prepared by Scot Martin PARTICLE ORGANIC GOES UP

22 PARTICLE SULFATE, GoAmazon2014/5, IOP1, 17 March 2014, 16:24 to 17:31 UTC Slide prepared by Scot Martin PARTICLE SULFATE GOES UP

23 ISOPRENE, GoAmazon2014/5, IOP1, 17 March 2014, 16:24 to 17:31 UTC Slide prepared by Scot Martin

24 CCN vertical Profiles HALO ACRIDICON-CHUVA campaign Sep AC08 AC09 AC12 AC13 AC14 AC15 AC16 AC17 AC18 AC19 - enhanced CCN conc. at high altitude is observed in most of the flights (S~0.5%) Slide from Andi Andreae and Mira Kruger

25 We can see a complex mixture of sources, transformation and meteorological effects GoAmazon is providing a fantastic data set to study key atmospheric process in tropical regions Thanks for the attention!!