Ice Analyst Workshop Case Study Routine Monitoring Of Ice Islands. WMO IAW-2 Tromso Norway Laurie Weir CIS Vladimir Bessonov AARI June
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1 Ice Analyst Workshop Case Study Routine Monitoring Of Ice Islands WMO IAW-2 Tromso Norway Laurie Weir CIS Vladimir Bessonov AARI June
2 Outline Ice Shelves to Ice Islands Resources & tools for analysis Partnerships in tracking Imagery Review
3 Ice Shelf Genesis Ice shelves found in the Canadian High arctic are created by very different processes than their Antarctic counterparts. The Canadian ice shelves are created by accumulations of snow and basal accretion on multiyear land-fast ice occurring over a long period of time, while the Antarctic and southern Greenlandic is shelves are created by glacial systems located on land extending over the ocean. This has sometimes led to the former being termed ice shelves and the latter being termed glacial ice tongues. (Dowdeswell et al 1994, Jeffries 1987) Ward Hunt Ice Shelf Ayles Ice Shelf Milne Ice Shelf Petersen Ice Shelf Serson Ice Shelf Wesley Van Wychen CIS CO-OP OP 2007
4 Whats going on? Ice Shelves are Calving as a result of a combination of: Long-term temperature increases leads to Long-term reduction in ice shelf thickness; Dramatic reductions in arctic sea ice leads to more Open water at the shelf face for extended periods in summer 2005 & 2008 saw record warm temperatures High winds (Dr Luke Copland University of Ottawa)
5 Ice Island Calving Mechanisms With warmer temperatures weakening the ice structure here are some scenarios: Scenario 1: Persistent winds, tidal action and pressure from the surrounding ice pack may cause cracks to develop within ice shelf: thus producing and ice island. (Holdsworth 1971, Jeffries 1985) Winds Tidal Action Ice Pack Pressure Wesley Van Wychen CIS CO-OP OP 2007
6 Ice Island Calving Mechanisms Scenario 2: Vibrations due to wave action cause a resonance that causes stresses in the ice shelf to the point where a fracture can occur. (Holdsworth & Glynn 1978) Ice Island Ice Shelf Wave Action Causing Resonance on Ice Shelf Fracture Wesley Van Wychen CIS CO-OP OP 2007
7 Ice Island Calving Mechanisms Scenario 3: Strong tides associated with storm surges occur, creating a period of time of intense pressure against the ice shelf, which causes the shelf to crack. The prevailing winds then change, creating open water and areas where the newly calved ice island can flow into. (Sackinger 1987) Storm Surge Wind Wesley Van Wychen CIS CO-OP OP 2007
8 Dr. Luke Copland University of Ottawa
9 Fracture History and Tracking Ayles Ice Shelf Fractured August 2005 Largest calving event in the last 40+ years Produced an ice island 66 km sq. 45m thick 2007 Sept Ayles fractures into 2 ice islands 2008 Ward Hunt lost 42 km all of Markham ice island 2008 Serson lost 60% of its area losing 122 km July Petermann Ice Island calves - NW Greenland-25 km Petersen Ice Shelf has lost ~1/3 its area in last 3 years (Copland) 2009 June Ayles 2 nd ice island, now seen in multiple fragments in McDougall Snd/Penny Strait
10 Ice Shelves to Ice Islands Modis
11 Shelves Left
12 Remaining Shelves Ward Hunt Milne Petersen-partial Serson 24 May 2009 RADARSAT MDA LTD All Rights Reserved
13 Markham Ice Island Ayles Ice islands Petermann Ice Island June RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDONALD, DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. (2009)
14 Tracking with Beacons Ayles & Serson s, Petermann
15 Petermann Ice Island RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDONALD, DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. (2009) From Jan 25/09 RADARSAT-2 image: Size ~15 km 2 (down from 21 km 2 ) Estimated Mass 750,000,000 tons (Assuming a 55m thickness) Drift speed (Dec-Feb) ~ 9 nm/day
16 Extreme Ice Features May 18 Ongoing Focus Ice Islands CANATEC R2 HH+HV+VV+VH ALOS PALSAR In situ obs Met. data
17 Photos Dr Derek Mueller and Dr Luke Copland
18 Tracking: With High Resolution Imagery Isn t Always Possible RADARSAT-1 09 MARCH / MARS 2007 RADARSAT-2 14 MARCH / MARS M Resolution
19 Need A Multi Sensor Approach It s not always black and white ESA Envisat ASAR June Landsat 06 June 09
20 Landsat June 06 and RSAT2-June z Landsat 06 June 09 RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDONALD, DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. (2009)
21 Calculating Drift of Ayles Fragments Landsat June RSAT2 June June June 15th RADARSAT-2 Data and Products MacDONALD, DETTWILER AND ASSOCIATES LTD. (2009)
22 Acknowledgements Workshops such as this illustrate that frequently, we are all monitoring the same ice regime and can improve and learn from each others experience RADARSAT-2 Data MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2009) - All Rights Reserved. Données et produits de RADARSAT-2 MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. (2009) tous droits réservés. MODIS NASA Envisat images ESA Content- Luke Copland, Derek Mueller, Luc Desjardins, Roger DeAbreu
23 Thanks for your attention Questions?
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