UNDERSTANDING STORM TIDES
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1 UNDERSTANDING STORM TIDES
2 Run from the water, hide from the wind..
3 CATEGORY CATEGORY CATEGORY CATEGORY CATEGORY WIND mph knots mph knots mph knots mph knots > 155 mph > 135 knots STORM SURGE 4-5 feet m 6-8 feet m 9-12 feet m feet m > 18 feet > 5.5 m U.S. National Weather Service, NOAA SAFFIR-SIMPSON HURRICANE SCALE
4 FIRST, SOME DEFINITIONS.. STORM SURGE: Change in water level due to the effects of the storm ASTRONOMIC TIDE: Everyday change in water level due to the gravitational interaction between the earth, moon and sun STORM TIDE: The peak water level that results from storm surge in combination with the astronomical tide and other forms of ongoing sea level change (decadal change, sea level rise).
5 HURRICANE ISABEL SEPTEMBER 18, 2003 V.S HURRICANE August 23, 1933 Storm of the Century
6
7 (FEET) 7.9 feet
8 7.9 feet (FEET) Storm Surge 4.8 feet Category 1
9 8.0 feet
10 8.0 feet Storm Surge 5.8 feet Category 2
11 0.93 feet
12 (feet) 2.28 feet +1.4
13 Who predicts tides and records water levels in the U.S.? Officially, it s NOAA/NOS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Service
14
15 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA Station Datum (STND)
16 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA Where s the Tidal Datum? Station Datum (STND)
17 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA * MSL *National Tidal Datum Epoch Station Datum (STND)
18 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MSL MSL Station Datum (STND)
19 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MSL MSL MSL Station Datum (STND)
20 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MSL MSL MSL MSL Station Datum (STND)
21 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MSL Station Datum (STND)
22 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MSL MLLW Station Datum (STND)
23 MEASURING WATER LEVELS AT A TIDE STATION Feet Hampton Roads (Sewells Pt) VA MHHW MSL MLLW Station Datum (STND)
24 So sea level is rising and NOAA is keeping track.. What do they do with these tidal datums? Answer: Vertical reference on Nautical Charts
25
26 4 feet below MLLW
27 MLLW
28 Besides the tidal datums, NOAA keeps track of another key sea level parameter: Monthly Mean Sea Level
29 Why keep track of Monthly Mean Sea Level? 1: Sea level trends (rise or fall) 2: Seasonal and decadal change 3: Base level for storm surge
30 Monthly Mean Sea Level, Hampton Roads (Sewells PT), VA Sea Level Trend: 1.4 ft/century
31 Monthly Mean Sea Level, Hampton Roads (Sewells PT), VA Sea Level Trend: 1.4 ft/century Sep03 Aug33
32 Monthly Mean Sea Level, Hampton Roads (Sewells PT), VA Sea Level Trend: 1.4 ft/century Aug33 Sep44 Aug55 Mar62 Oct54 Sep60 Sep99 Sep03
33 Monthly Mean Sea Level, Hampton Roads (Sewells PT), VA Sea Level Trend: 1.4 ft/century
34
35 Jan Sep
36 Monthly Mean Sea Level Sewells Point, VA Oct02 Sep03 Oct04 Oct05 Sep06 Sep08 Jun MSL Feb03 Jan04 Feb07 Dec08
37 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND
38 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND 19-MONTH MOVING AVERAGE
39 Decadal Change at Three NWLON Stations, U.S. East Coast
40 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND 19-MONTH MOVING AVERAGE
41 72-73 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA El Nino MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND 19-MONTH MOVING AVERAGE
42 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA El Nino MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND 19-MONTH MOVING AVERAGE
43 HAMPTON ROADS (SEWELLS PT), VA El Nino MONTHLY DEVIATION FROM SEASONAL TIDE & SEA LEVEL TREND 19-MONTH MOVING AVERAGE
44 A Storm Tide is the sum of: The astronomic tide including seasonal cycle The sea level trend The decadal change in sea level Storm surge
45 In the meantime, how can I find a good local reference for storm tides in my part of the country? Short answer: Try Highest Astronomical Tide and look for a Salt Bush
46
47
48 Making the Case for a new Reference: EXTRATIDAL HIGH WATER (XHW) High Water Height Above the Tidal Datum of Highest Astronomical Tide (HAT) Measured Above MSL
49 Making the Case for EXTRATIDAL HIGH WATER (XHW) Tropical Depression ERNESTO.. September 1, 2006
50 1.98 feet ERNESTO HAT
51 Water level in feet above MLLW
52 2.59 feet ERNESTO HAT
53 3.10 feet ERNESTO HAT
54 Water Level (feet above MLLW) ERNESTO 2006
55 Making the Case for EXTRATIDAL HIGH WATER (XHW)
56 August feet HAT
57 ISABEL September feet HAT
58 KATRINA August feet HAT
59 Hurricane IKE XHW 7.05 feet
60
61 Chandeleur Islands
62 Photo courtesy of Dr. David Forrest, VIMS
63
64 Sea Dykes in the Netherlands
65 HURRICANE KATRINA AUGUST 29, 2005
66
67
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