UNIVERSE (TOPICS COVERED- THE UNIVERSE, MOTION OF EARTH, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE)

Transcription

1 UNIVERSE (TOPICS COVERED- THE UNIVERSE, MOTION OF EARTH, LATITUDE, LONGITUDE, INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE) 1. The Big Bang theory is related to Origin of Universe (RAS/RTS PRE 2007, UPPSC PRE 2016) 2. Which of the following is/are cited by the scientists as evidence/evidences for the continued expansion of the universe? (Ans - only a and b)(ias PRE 2012) a. Detection of microwaves in space. b. Observation of Red Shift phenomenon in space. c. Movement of asteroids in space d. Occurrence of supernova explosions in space 3. The terms Event Horizon, Singularity, String Theory and Standard Model are sometimes seen in the news in the context of Observation and Understanding of the Universe (IAS PRE 2017) 4. Out of Pulsar, Brittle star, Black hole and Quasar, which is not an astronomical object? Brittle star (IAS PRE 1993) 5. Out of Pulsar, Brittle star, Black Hole and Quasar, which is not found in the sky? Brittle star (UPPSC PRE 1996) 6. Out of Telemetering, Weightlessness, Cislunar and Byte, which is not related to sky? Byte (UPPSC PRE 1997) 7. The group of stars arranged in a definite pattern is called Constellation (UPPSC PRE 2013) 8. The number of constellations in the sky is 88 (44 TH BPSC PRE 2000) 9. The Milky Way is classified as Spiral Galaxy (UPPSC PRE 2001) 10. The time taken by the sun to revolve around the centre of our galaxy is 250 million years (IAS PRE 1994, 40 TH BPSC PRE 1995) 11. Hubble space telescope has for the first time sent detailed image of surface of a distant star. Name of the star is Betelgeuse (UPPSC PRE 1995) 12. Black Hole Absorbs all radiations that fall on it (UKPSC PRE 2007) 13. A black hole is a body in space which does not allow any radiation to come out. This property is due to its - Very High Density (IAS PRE 2000) 14. Consider the following statements. (Both a and b are correct and b is the correct explanation of a) (UPPSC PRE 2001, UPPSC PRE 2003) a. A Black Hole is an astronomical entity that cannot be seen by telescope b. The gravitational field on a black hole is so strong that it does not allow even light to escape 15. The Black Hole phenomena was propounded by S. Chandrashekhar (UPPSC PRE 1996) 16. The Black Hole was first made known by S. Chandrashekhar (UPPSC PRE 2015, UPPSC MAINS 2016) 17. The limit beyond which stars suffer internal collapse is called - Chandrashekhar Limit (UPPSC PRE 1997) 18. Out of ozone hole, black hole, rainbow and comet, which is the celestial phenomena occurring due to stars - Black Hole (UPPSC PRE 1997) 19. Supernova is a Dying star (U.P. Lower Sub MAINS 2015) 20. Highly dense stars are called Neutron stars (Uttarakhand Lower Sub PRE 2010) 21. If the stars are seen to rise perpendicular to the horizon by an observer, he is located on the - Equator (IAS PRE 2001) 22. The color of a star is the indication of its Temperature (IAS PRE 1994) 23. The stars of which constellation point towards the pole star - Saptarishi (41 ST BPSC PRE 1996) 24. Given below is correctly matched(cpsc PRE 2008) a. Pole Star North Direction

2 b. Earth Gravity c. Greenland Arctic Ocean d. Explosion - Noise 25. Diamond Ring effect is a phenomena observed only along the peripheral regions of the totality trail (IAS PRE 1996) 26. Sun s halo is produced by the refraction of light in - Ice crystals in Cirrus clouds (IAS PRE 2002) 27. When does Solar eclipse occur? When moon comes in between sun and earth (UPPSC PRE 1990, MPPSC PRE 1993, 47 TH BPSC PRE 2005) 28. Solar eclipse occurs on New Moon Day (UPPSC PRE 1991, RAS/RTS PRE 1999, RAS/RTS PRE 2000, UPUDA/LDA PRE 2006) 29. The solar eclipse achieves totality only in the limited geographical regions because - the size of the shadow of the moon on the earth is small compared to the cross section of the earth (IAS PRE 1993) 30. The energy of the sun is produced by Nuclear Fusion (UPPSC PRE 1996, UPPSC PRE 2001, UPPSC PRE 2006) 31. The substance present at the centre of the sun are in Gaseous state (as well as plasma state) (UPPSC PRE 2001) 32. Out of Asteroids, Comets, Planets and Nebulae, which do not belong to the solar system? Nebulae (53 RD To 55 TH BPSC PRE 2011) 33. The number of planets in the solar system is Eight (UPPSC PRE 1992) 34. The term Goldilocks Zone is often seen news in the context of - search for the Earth-like planets in outer space (IAS PRE 2015) 35. The correct statement about planets is - They glow despite being non-luminous (UPPSC PRE 1992) 36. Out of Mercury, Florida, Venus and Saturn, which is not the part of planet in the solar system Florida (MPPSC PRE 2010) 37. The distance between sun and earth is million kms (UPPSC PRE 2010) 38. The average distance between sun and the earth is 150 x 10 6 km (IAS PRE 1997) 39. One Astronomical Unit is the average distance between - Earth and the Sun (IAS PRE 1998, J.P.S.C. PRE 2011) 40. The size of the sun as compared to earth is times (MPPSC PRE 2014) 41. Which scientist for the first time established that sun is the centre of our solar system and earth revolves around it? Copernicus (MPPSC PRE 1995, BPSC 56 TH TO 59 TH PRE 2015) ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY (WORLD S MAJOR MINERAL RESOURCES) 1. Coal, Crude Oil and Natural Gas are known as Fossil Fuels (UKPSC MAINS 2002) 2. Coal is an example of Sedimentary rocks (UKPSC PRE 2006) 3. Donbas area is famous for Coal (UPPSC PRE 2007) 4. Ruhr Basin is a famous industrial area of Germany (UPPSC PRE 2010) 5. Rukwa Lake Area (Tanzania) is famous for the production of which mineral Coal (UPUDA/LDA Spl MAINS 2010) 6. Out of Nepal, China, New Zealand and India, which country has the largest reserve of Lignite China (Please note that as per the Europe s Energy portal, the correct sequence of proven reserves of Lignite is U.S.A. > Russia > China >Australia) (40 TH BPSC PRE 1995)

3 7. More than half of the world s production of coal comes from China and United States of America (Please note that as per the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, The correct sequence of coal production in year 2016 is China > USA > Australia > India )(UPPSC MAINS 2006) 8. The highest coal producing country in the world is China (53 RD TO 55 TH BPSC PRE 2011) 9. Out of Australia, China, New Zealand and Brazil, the largest reserve of coal is found in China (Please note that as per the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, The correct sequence of coal reserves in year 2016 is U.S.A. > China > Russia > Australia >India )(MPPSC PRE 2010) 10. Given statements are correct (UPPSC PRE 1999) a. China is the leading coal producer of the world b. Donetsk Basin is the major coal producing region in Ukraine c. Saar Region is the major coal producing area in Germany d. The major coal mining area of the USA lie in the Appalachian Region 11. Given below is correctly matched (Coal fields and Countries) (UPPSC PRE 2013) a. Donetsk Ukraine b. Kuznetsk Russia c. Lancashire U.K. d. Saar Germany 12. The correct sequence of the countries in terms of decrease in production of Petroleum is Russia > Saudi Arabia > U.S.A. >Iraq (Please note that as per US Energy Information Administration, The correct sequence of petroleum production in year 2016 is Russia > Saudi Arabia > U.S.A. > Iraq > Iran. Also, I have changed the options to make it relevant to the current data as this question was asked in UP Lower Sub (Pre) It was later repeated in UPPSC MAINS 2008 with changed options. I just supplied the current data for your upcoming exam )(UP Lower Sub PRE 1998, UPPSC MAINS 2008) 13. The largest producer of petroleum in the world is Russia (as in 2016) (UPPSC GIC 2010) 14. The largest proven oil reserve of the world lies in Venezuela (Please note that as per the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, The correct sequence of oil reserves in the world in year 2016 is Venezuela > Saudi Arabia > Canada > Iran) (UPUDA/LDA MAINS 2010, UPPSC PRE 2012, UP Lower Sub PRE 2013) 15. Venezuela is a world s major Petroleum Producing Area (RAS/RTS PRE 1993) 16. Out of Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia and United States of America, the largest reserve of petroleum is found in Saudi Arabia (UPPSC MAINS 2006) 17. Out of Kuwait, Iran, Iraq and Nigeria, which country has the largest known reserve of oil Iran (since Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Canada are not given, the correct answer would be Iran) (UPPSC PRE 2002) 18. The correct sequence of oil producing countries of the Middle East is Saudi Arabia > Iraq > Iran > Kuwait (Please note that as per the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, The overall correct sequence of oil production by the countries of the Middle east in year 2016 is Saudi Arabia > Iran > Iraq > UAE > Kuwait) (UP Lower Sub Spl PRE 2008) 19. Out of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Myanmar, the largest producer of petroleum of South East Asia is Indonesia (UPPSC Spl MAINS 2004) 20. In which country was mineral oil extracted on commercial level in 1857? Romania (RAS/RTS PRE 2013) 21. Given statements are correct (UPPSC PRE 1998) a. Nearly 60 percent of the world s petroleum reserves are found in the Middle East b. Alaska has proven petroleum reserves comparable to Texas c. The U.S.A. is both a major producer and a major importer of petroleum

4 (Please note that as per the BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2017, the correct sequence of oil importers in year 2016 is Europe > U.S.A. > China > India > Japan and the correct sequence of oil exporters in the year 2016 is Russia > Saudi Arabia > U.S.A. > Canada) 22. In the context of global oil prices, Brent crude oil is frequently referred to in the news. What does this term imply? (Ans only a and b)(ias PRE 2011) a. It is a major classification of crude oil. b. It is sourced from North Sea. c. It does not contain Sulphur 23. Which country is the largest producer and consumer of gasohol United States of America (Please note that gasohol is a mixture of petro (gasoline) and alcohol (typically ethanol at 10%))(UPPSC MAINS 2011) 24. Out of the given crop group, in which crop/crops groups, none of the crop in the group can be used as a bio-fuel? (Answer - c)(ras/rts REEXAM PRE 2013) a. Sugarcane, Maize, Mustard b. Jatropha, Sugarcane, Palm c. Masur(lentil), Beet, Wheat d. Soyabean, Maize, Rapeseed 25. The second largest metal found in the interior of earth is Iron (Please note that the major elements of the earth s crust by weight % is Oxygen > Silicon > Aluminium > Iron >Calcium> Sodium. So, the constituents of earth crust as per metallic mineral is Aluminium > Iron > Calcium > Sodium. Source NCERT Fundamentals of Physical Geography Class XI Chapter -5 ) (JPSC PRE 2011) 26. The correct sequence of the iron ore producing countries of the world in their descending order is China > Japan > India > Russia (Please note that as per the US Geological Survey s Mineral Commodity Summaries 2017, the correct sequence as in year 2015 is as supplied in answer. This question was asked in UPPSC Mains 2008 whose sequence becomes irrelevant in current scenario and as per demand of examination. So, I had to change the options to keep it useful. Even earlier it was asked in UPPSC PRE The given solution is relevant to current scenario. )(UPPSC PRE 1997, UPPSC MAINS 2008) 27. Which country is the largest producer of iron ore in the world China (UPUDA/LDA PRE 2013) 28. Out of Philippines, America, Russia, India, the largest producer of iron ore is India (UPPSC PRE 1991) 29. The position of France in the iron-ore production among the iron producing countries of Europe is Fourth (Please note that the overall sequence of iron-producing countries (considering pig iron) in Europe is Germany > Russia > Ukraine > France) (UPUDA/LDA PRE 2010, UPUDA/LDA PRE 2013) 30. Lorraine of France is famous for Iron and Steel Industry (RAS/RTS REEXAM 2013) 31. The correct sequence of countries on the basis of their gold production is China > Australia > Russia > America (As per the Indian Mineral Year Book Please note that this question was asked in UPPSC (Spl) Pre 2008, so I have adjusted the options to make it relevant to current statistics. At that time, South Africa was the largest producer of Gold which is not relevant now) (UPPSC Spl PRE 2008) 32. Which country is the largest exporter of gold to India? Switzerland (Please note that as per the Indian Mineral Yearbook 2015, the largest exporters of gold to India in decreasing order is Switzerland > U.A.E.> America >South Africa and the export of gold by India to countries in is almost to UAE (99% ) and to Switzerland(1%))(UPPSC MAINS 2013)

5 INDIA (INTRODUCTION) 1. India, in terms of area, is- seventh largest country in the world (MPPSC PRE 2010) 2. Where does India rank in area among the countries of the world? Seventh (JPSC PRE 2016) 3. The area of India is the 2.4% of the world, but the population is - 17% of the world population (39 TH BPSC PRE Please note that in actual India s share in world population is 17.5 as per the Census 2011) 4. India is spread between 8 4 N to 37 6 N and 68 7 E to E (39 TH BPSC PRE Please note that none of the options were correct. So, I have taken the liberty to provide right answer) 5. Which of the given statements are true about India? (Ans- b and d) (UPPSC MAINS 2006) a. India is the fifth largest country of the world b. It occupies about 2.4 percent of the total area of land hemisphere c. Whole of India lies in the Torrid Zone d East Meridian is used to determine Indian Standard Time 6. Which one of the following pair is not correctly matched (Ans - d) (JPSC PRE 2016) a. Total Area of India Million sq. km. b. Latitudinal extent N N c. Longitudinal extent E E d. Number of States in India The Westernmost Point of India is 68 7 E, Gujarat (MPPSC PRE 2008) 8. The Southernmost Point of India is Indira Point (U.P. Lower Sub PRE 2002, UKPSC PRE 2003) 9. The Southernmost point Indira Point is located in Great Nicobar (MPPSC PRE 2006) 10. The Southernmost Point of India is situated at Great Nicobar (UPPSC PRE 1990) 11. Which pairs of States of India indicates the easternmost and westernmost State? - Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat (IAS PRE 2015) 12. Out of Sumatra, Borneo, Java and Sri Lanka, which is geographically closest to Great Nicobar? Sumatra (IAS PRE 2017) 13. Kuttanad (or Kuttanadu) of Kerela is famous for The region with the lowest altitude in India (UPPSC MAINS 2006) 14. Consider the following statements. Which one of them is correct? (Ans - b and c) (IAS PRE 2003) a. Longitude of Jabalpur s location is between those of Indore and Bhopal b. Latitude of Aurangabad s location is between those of Vadodara and Pune c. Bangalore is situated more southward than Chennai 15. Which important latitude divides India into nearly two equal parts North (MPPSC PRE 2008) 16. Out of Odisha, Bihar (Jharkhand), Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh, Tropic of Cancer passes through Bihar (Jharkhand) (UPPSC PRE Please note that Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states of India- Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Mizoram and Tripura. Further this question was asked in UPPSC PRE 1990 and at that time, Jharkhand was a part of Bihar. So, I have edited Bihar as Bihar (Jharkhand). But Tropic of Cancer does not pass through Bihar) 17. Out of Gujarat, Odisha, Jharkhand and Tripura, the Indian state through which Tropic of Cancer does not pass is Odisha (Uttarakhand Lower Sub PRE EXAM 2016) 18. Out of Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand, the Tropic of Cancer passes through through which states? Gujarat, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand (UPPSC PRE 2017) 19. Tropic of Cancer passes through how many states 8 (UKPSC PRE 2010)

6 INDIA(GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOGRAPHY) 1. The Indian subcontinent was originally part of a huge land mass called Gondwanaland (IAS PRE 1995) 2. The paleomagnetic results obtained from India indicate that in the past, the Indian land mass has moved Northwards (IAS PRE 1995, UPPSC PRE 1998) 3. Out of Vindhyan, Cuddapah, Dharwar and Gondwana, which rock systems in India is the latest one Gondwana (UPPSC PRE 2016) 4. Given below is correctly matched (IAS PRE 1997) a. Deccan Traps Cretaceous Eocene b. Western Ghats Late Cenozoic c. Aravalli Pre Cambrian d. Narmada Tapi - Pleistocene 5. India has been divided into how many natural regions 4 (RAS/RTS PRE 1996) 6. If there were no Himalayan ranges, what would have been the most likely geographical impact on India (Ans-a,b,c) (IAS PRE 2010) a. Much of the country would experience the cold waves from Siberia. b. Indo- Gangetic plain would be devoid of such extensive alluvial soils c. The pattern of monsoon would be different from what it is at present 7. Statements given below are correct (U.P. Lower Sub. PRE 2004) a. As per geomagnetic view, the peninsula area is the oldest part of India b. Himalaya portrays the young fold mountains in the world c. The reserve of coal is maximum in the Gondwana rocks in India 8. Given statements are correct regarding the formation of landform in India (47 TH BPSC PRE 2005) a. Structurally, the Meghalaya plateau is an extended part of the Deccan Plateau b. The valley of Kashmir was formed in a synclinorium c. The Gangetic plain was formed in a deep fore d. The Himalaya originated as a result of the convergence of the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate 9. While you travel in Himalayas, you will see the Deep Gorges, U-Turn river courses, Parallel Mountain Ranges and Steep Gradient causing landslides (IAS PRE 2012) 10. The Himalayas are formed of parallel fold ranges, of which the oldest range is the Great Himalayan Range (IAS PRE 1994) 11. The height of the Great Himalayas is m.a.s.l. (JPSC PRE Please note that full form of m.a.s.l. is meters above sea level) 12. Out of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh, Himalayan mountain range is not a part of which state? - Uttar Pradesh (MPPSC PRE 2012) 13. The Middle Himalayas are situated between Siwalik and the Great Himalayas (UKPSC PRE 2006) 14. Himachal stands for The Middle Himalayas (UPPSC Spl MAINS 2008) 15. The arrangement of Himalayan ranges in the western part from south towards north is - Siwalik Middle Himalayas/Lesser Himalayas the Great Himalayas (CPSC PRE 2015) 16. The formation of Siwalik series was in Cenozoic period (42 ND BPSC PRE 1997) 17. The height of the Siwalik range is - Between m (UKPSC PRE 2010) INDIA(MINERAL RESOURCES)

7 Please note that the latest reliable data from Indian Mineral Yearbook 2015 release by Indian Bureau of Mines has been used for the preparation of information. I have used the final data released by the aforesaid to supply the answer. Even Indian Mineral Yearbook (IMYB) 2016 is available on the website, but the data are Advanced Estimates which are subject to revision (Provisional). So, I have not used those data as they are not final. This is done with my intention to make this book more useful for you. Date-01-December The most mineralized rock system of India is Dharwar System (UPPSC PRE 1995, UPPRE PRE 2005, UKPSC PRE 2005, CPSC PRE 2011) 2. Out of limestone, basalt, lignite and iron ore, the macro amount of which of these is found in Vindhya System - Limestone (UP Lower Sub PRE 2004) 3. What is the appropriate reason for considering the Gondwana rocks as the most important of rock systems in India More that 90% of India s coal reserves are found in them (IAS PRE 2010) 4. Which rock system provides over 90% of the coal of India? Gondwana System (UPPSC PRE 2017) 5. Which rock systems in India is the main source of coal deposits? Gondwana System (UPUDA/LDA PRE 2006, UPPSC PRE 2008) 6. In which parts of India are the largest reserve of minerals found? South-East (UKPSC PRE 2006, CPSC PRE 2011) 7. Out of Karnataka, Kerela, Maharahtra and Tamil Nadu, the maximum prosperity of minerals is in - Karnataka (RAS/RTS PRE 2010) 8. Chota Nagpur Plateau is rich in which resources Mineral (RAS/RTS PRE 2010) 9. Which state is the richest in mineral production Rajasthan (Please note that as per the IMYB 2016, offshore regions continued to be the leading contributor in terms of the value of mineral production in the country and accounted for 20% of the value of National Mineral Output. Next in order with reference to value of mineral production was Rajasthan with a share of 12%, followed by Odisha (10%), Chhattisgarh (9%), Jharkhand (8%), Gujarat (7%), Andhra Pradesh & Madhya Pradesh ) (39 TH BPSC PRE 1994) 10. In which rock system is iron-ore found in India Dharwar (UPPSC PRE 1994, UPPSC MAINS 2012, UPRO/ARO MAINS 2014) 11. The two states of India most richly endowed with iron-ore are Karnataka and Odisha (Options adjusted as per the current situation.)(please note that as per IMYB 2015, as on , the states of India in decreasing order of iron-ore reserves (Haematite+Magnetite) are Karnataka > Odisha > Jharkhand > Chhattisgarh.) (56 TH TO 59 TH BPSC PRE 2015) 12. Given statements are correct (UPUDA/LDA PRE 2010) a. The richest reserve of Iron-ore is found in Karnataka b. Odisha is the largest producer of Iron-ore in India 13. Out of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Punjab, in which state is iron-ore not available? Punjab (38 TH BPSC PRE 2012) 14. Out of Siwan, Jharia, Kudremukh and Singhbhum, which is an iron-ore area/mine Both Kudremukh and Singhbhum (Please note that as per the information available in IMYB 2016, both Kudremukh and Singhbhum are iron-ore areas.)(uppsc PRE 2012) 15. Bailadila Mine is related to which mineral Iron Ore (UKUDA/LDA MAINS 2006, MPPSC PRE 2015) 16. Out of Ratnagiri mine, Jaipur mine, Sundargarh mine and Bailadila mine, which is the largest mechanized mine in India? Bailadila Mine (UPPSC PRE REEXAM 2015) 17. Out of Haematite, Siderite, Limonite and Magnetite, which iron ore is mined at Bailadila? Haemetite (60 TH TO 62 ND BPSC PRE 2017) 18. Which mineral is found in the Nathra-ki-Pal area of Rajasthan? Iron Ore (RAS/RTS PRE 2008)

8 19. Given below is correctly matched (Iron Ore area and State) (UPUDA/LDA MAINS 2010) a. Badam Pahar Odisha b. Dalli Rajhara Chhattisgarh c. Kudremukh Karnataka d. Noamundi Jharkhand 20. Out of Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Jharkhand, silver is not available in Gujarat (43 RD BPSC PRE 1999) 21. Bauxite is an ore of Aluminium (UPPSC PRE 1997, UPPSC PRE REEXAM 2015) 22. Two largest bauxite producer states are - Odisha and Gujarat (options adjusted as per current date)(please note that as per IMYB 2015, the four largest bauxite producer states of India are Odisha > Gujarat > Maharashtra > Jharkhand)(UPUDA/LDA Spl PRE 2010) 23. Out of Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka and Rajasthan, the largest reserve of copper is found at Rajasthan (Please note that as per the IMYB 2015, the three largest state in terms of copper reserve are Rajasthan > Jharkhand > Madhya Pradesh) 24. Which state of India is the largest producer of Copper? Madhya Pradesh (Please note that as per the IMYB 2015, Madhya Pradesh is the leading producer of copper concentrates, accounted for about 53% of the production during , followed by Rajasthan with 41% and Jharkhand with 6% production.) (Uttarakhand Lower Sub PRE 2016) 25. Out of Kesali(Mandla), Dalli-Rajhara(Durg), Bailadila(Bastar) and Malanjkhand(Balaghat), copper is found at which place? Malanjkhand(Balaghat)(MPPSC PRE 2006) 26. Out of Tarapur, Titagarh, Ranchi and Khetri, at which places, the Copper Industry is located - Khetri (60 TH TO 62 ND BPSC PRE 2017) 27. Khetri is famous for Copper (CPSC PRE 2016) 28. Given below is correctly matched (Copper ore areas and State) (UPPSC MAINS 2011) a. Chanderpur Maharashtra b. Hassan Karnataka c. Khamman Andhra Pradesh d. Khetri - Rajasthan