10/11/2010. Acceleration due to gravity, a. Bulk Properties Mass = 6 x kg Diameter = 12,756 km Density = 5515 kg/m 3 (mix of rock and iron)

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "10/11/2010. Acceleration due to gravity, a. Bulk Properties Mass = 6 x kg Diameter = 12,756 km Density = 5515 kg/m 3 (mix of rock and iron)"

Transcription

1 Acceleration due to gravity, a Bulk Properties Mass = 6 x kg Diameter = 12,756 km Density = 5515 kg/m 3 (mix of rock and iron) Escape Velocity, v e Albedo Amount of sunlight reflected back into space Another measure of gravitational strength Minimum speed to escape the gravity of an object Earth, v e = 11.2 km/s Earth s albedo = 39% 1

2 The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! surface The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! surface interior surface interior atmosphere The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! surface interior surface interior atmosphere magnetosphere atmosphere magnetosphere hydrosphere 2

3 The Earth is the most complex terrestrial planet! surface interior atmosphere magnetosphere The Earth s Interior hydrosphere biosphere Seismic waves are refracted as they pass through the Earth Seismic Waves compression waves generated by earthquakes Travel both along the surface and through the interior of the Earth The Solid Inner Core of the Earth Why does the Earth have an iron core? 3

4 Chemical Differentiation Magnetism is produced by the motion of charges Earth was initially molten inside! Source of heat: radioactivity and impacts Dense iron sank to center forming core Less dense rock rose to surface Explains density! Earth formed solid crust as it cooled * = radioactive heating Field lines indicate presence of field Magnetism in turn changes the motion of charges! Currents in the molten outer core generates a magnetic field Field is not aligned with geographical poles Electromagnetism! Charged particles from the Sun are swept round the magnetic field forming a magnetosphere Aurorae Some particles collect in the Van Allen Belts Charged particles spiral along magnetic field lines and crash into the upper atmosphere causing it to glow 4

5 The Earth s Surface The Earth s Crust (Lithosphere) The lithosphere is made of rock Rocks are made of mixtures of different crystals called minerals Rocks are classified according to how they are formed Igneous Rocks From the cooling and solidification of molten rock Basalt An extrusive, dense, dark igneous rock from from volcanoes on the Earth s surface or the ocean floor. Most common igneous rock Two types: extrusive and intrusive Granite An intrusive igneous rock that made of large crystals of different minerals which give it its characteristic grainy appearance Sedimentary Rocks Made from the accumulation and gradual compression of sediments 5

6 Sandstone Sand deposited by wind Limestone Precipitation and deposition of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO 3 ) Coal Organic material from decayed vegetation Metamorphic Rocks Rocks transformed into new forms under high temperatures and pressures beneath the surface of the Earth (not melted) Marble Derived from limestone (a sedimentary rock) Gneiss Derived from granite (an igneous rock) 6

7 A Pile of Schist! The Rock Cycle A metamorphic rock! Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Continents fit together like puzzle pieces Conclusion: continents have moves relative to each other Plates float on molten rock below (asthenosphere) The geography of the Earth has changed greatly over its history! 7

8 Continental Drift Plate motion is driven by convection currents in the Earth s mantle There are two types of crust Subduction 29% continents Collision between oceanic and continental crust 8

9 The Andes Mountains Seafloor Spreading Separation of oceanic crust The Mid-Atlantic Ridge The Himalayas Collision of continental crust Rift Valleys The East African Rift Zone Boundary Faults Plates slide past each other Example: West coast of USA Mountain ranges, volcanoes and seismic activity Separation of continental crust 9

10 Hot Spot Volcanism Not all earthquakes and volcanoes occur near plate boundaries! Lava escapes under hot spots in the crust producing shield volcanoes Example: Hawaiian Islands The Earth s Atmosphere Plate movement produces chains of volcanic islands Gases trapped by gravity Chemical Composition 78.08% molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) 20.95% molecular oxygen (O 2 ) 0.934% atomic argon (Ar) % carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) Observation: Oxygen is very chemically reactive and should be destroyed as soon as it forms! Conclusion: It must be constantly being replenished! 10

11 Photosynthesis by plants and bacteria Where does the oxygen come from? CO 2 + H 2 O carbon compounds + O 2 The Food Chain Carnivores/Omnivores Herbivores Plants Why are the carbon dioxide levels so low? 71% Oceans The Carbon Dioxide Cycle 11

12 The Population Explosion Reverse Photosynthesis carbon compounds + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Removes O 2 and releases CO 2! Need for energy and use of fossil fuels rapidly increasing! Burning of Fossil Fuels for Energy! Other factors e.g. coal, oil, gas, wood, gasoline etc Deforestation Pollution 12

13 Reduces Earth s ability to remove CO 2 from the atmosphere! Result? Rising CO 2 Levels! Why be concerned about rising CO 2 levels? The Greenhouse Effect The Greenhouse Effect is vital! Without it, the Earth would be over 50 ºF colder and much less habitable! CO2 traps heat in the atmosphere and raises surface temperatures! 13

14 Global Warming Global Warming Gradual warming of the Earth s surface due to rising CO 2 levels Effects of Global Warming Global climate change Rising sea levels due to melting of polar ice caps The Layered Structure of the Earth s Atmosphere Solution? Reduce use of fossil fuels and rely more on alternative energy sources! Problem: Difficult politically! 14

15 Troposphere lowest, thickest part of atmosphere extending up to 12 km from the surface all weather occurs here, driven by convection atmospheric pressure, P = force exerted by atmosphere above P sea level = 14.7 lbs/in 2 = 1 atmosphere (atm) pressure and temperature decrease with altitude Stratosphere home of the ozone (O 3 ) layer Extends from km above the surface Ozone Depletion Partial destruction of the ozone layer by chemicals (CFC s) released into the atmosphere Temperature increases with altitude in the stratosphere due to absorption of radiation by ozone Pressure continues to decrease Result: higher UV radiation levels at surface Ozone Depletion is NOT Global Warming! Mesosphere layer above the stratosphere above ozone layer so not heat absorbed temperature and pressure decrease with altitude Thermosphere/Ionosphere highest, thinnest layer beginning at 80 km above surface atmospheric molecules broken down and ionized by short wavelength radiation (ionosphere) absorption of radiation causes temperature to increase with altitude (thermosphere) pressure continues to decrease, merging into interplanetary space thickness expands and contracts with the solar cycle 15

16 The Earth rotates through the tidal bulge Tides Daily ocean level changes 2 high and 2 low tides per day Spring Tides gravity of Sun and Moon combine at new and full moon Neap tides gravity of Sun and Moon partially cancel at quarter moons Lower than average tides Higher than average tides Other Tidal Effects 16

Chapter 7 Earth Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 7 Earth Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 7 Earth Units of Chapter 7 7.1 Overall Structure of Planet Earth 7.2 Earth s Atmosphere Why Is the Sky Blue? The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 7.3 Earth s Interior Radioactive Dating Units

More information

Earth as Planet. Earth s s Magnetic Field. The Earth s s Crust. Earth s s Interior

Earth as Planet. Earth s s Magnetic Field. The Earth s s Crust. Earth s s Interior Earth as Planet Earth s s Interior The Earth is a medium size planet with a diameter of 12,756 kilometers (7926 miles) Composed primarily of iron, silicon, and oxygen Nearly circular orbit and just the

More information

Earth. Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides

Earth. Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides Earth Interior Crust Hydrosphere Atmosphere Magnetosphere Tides Semi-major Axis 1 A.U. Inclination 0 Orbital period 1.000 tropical year Orbital eccentricity 0.017 Rotational period 23 h 56 min 4.1 s Tilt

More information

ASTR-101 Section 004 Lecture 9 Rare Earth? John T. McGraw, Professor

ASTR-101 Section 004 Lecture 9 Rare Earth? John T. McGraw, Professor ASTR-101 Section 004 Lecture 9 Rare Earth? John T. McGraw, Professor Rare Earth Long-lived sun Rocky world C, O, Si, materials for soil, tools and subsistence Near circular orbit Not too warm not too cold

More information

Chapter 5 Review. 1) Our Earth is about four times larger than the Moon in diameter. 1)

Chapter 5 Review. 1) Our Earth is about four times larger than the Moon in diameter. 1) Chapter 5 Review Name TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. 1) Our Earth is about four times larger than the Moon in diameter. 1) 2) The Earth's hotter, inner

More information

LIGO sees binary neutron star merger on August 17, 2017

LIGO sees binary neutron star merger on August 17, 2017 LIGO sees binary neutron star merger on August 17, 2017 Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) Multi-Messenger Astronomy This

More information

TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology

TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology Name Period Date TAKE HOME EXAM 8R - Geology PART 1 - Multiple Choice 1. A volcanic cone made up of alternating layers of lava and rock particles is a cone. a. cinder b. lava c. shield d. composite 2.

More information

Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion

Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Section 1: Earth s Interior and Plate Tectonics Section 2: Earthquakes and Volcanoes Section 3: Minerals and Rocks Section 4: Weathering and Erosion Key Terms Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Plate Tectonics

More information

Plate Tectonics Practice Test

Plate Tectonics Practice Test Plate Tectonics Practice Test 1. What is the main idea Alfred Wegner proposed in the Theory of Continental Drift that he published in 1915? a. The continents float on a liquid layer that allows them to

More information

8 th Grade Science Tutoring. Earth Space, Ms. Winkle

8 th Grade Science Tutoring. Earth Space, Ms. Winkle 8 th Grade Science Tutoring Earth Space, Ms. Winkle List of Topics PART ONE Atoms, molecules, elements, mixtures, compounds Density Physical vs chemical changes Weathering, Erosion, Deposition (include

More information

TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom

TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID: GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom TEST NAME:Geology part 1 TEST ID:1542715 GRADE:06 - Sixth Grade SUBJECT:Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: My Classroom Geology part 1 Page 1 of 6 Student: Class: Date: 1. The picture below shows

More information

Structure of the Earth

Structure of the Earth Structure of the Earth Compositional (Chemical) Layers Crust: Low density Moho: Density boundary between crust and mantle Mantle: Higher density High in Magnesium (Mg) and Iron (Fe) Core: High in Nickel

More information

Unit 1: Earth as a System. Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle

Unit 1: Earth as a System. Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle Unit 1: Earth as a System Section 1: Plate Tectonics and the Rock Cycle Earth s Realms Earth is divided into 4 major realms: Atmosphere gases surrounding earth Hydrosphere - earth s supply of water Lithosphere

More information

Rock Cycle. Draw the Rock cycle on your remediation page OR use a sheet of notebook paper and staple

Rock Cycle. Draw the Rock cycle on your remediation page OR use a sheet of notebook paper and staple Earth Science Test 8.ESS2.3) Describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. I can develop and use models to explain how plate movements

More information

Core. Crust. Mesosphere. Asthenosphere. Mantle. Inner core. Lithosphere. Outer core

Core. Crust. Mesosphere. Asthenosphere. Mantle. Inner core. Lithosphere. Outer core Potter Name: Date: Hour: Score: /21 Learning Check 4.1 LT 4.1 Earth s Interior: I can draw and interpret models of the interior of the earth. Draw the following models (put the words in the right order)

More information

Earth. Properties of Earth. Earth's Interior. Earth is the planet that we know best

Earth. Properties of Earth. Earth's Interior. Earth is the planet that we know best Earth Earth is the planet that we know best Our observations of the other planets are all compared to the conditions and properties of Earth Properties of Earth Semimajor Axis Orbital Eccentricity Orbital

More information

Astronomy. physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am

Astronomy.  physics.wm.edu/~hancock/171/ A. Dayle Hancock. Small 239. Office hours: MTWR 10-11am Astronomy A. Dayle Hancock adhancock@wm.edu Small 239 Office hours: MTWR 10-11am The Earth What Powers the Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land The Earth's Interior Continental movement. The Earth's protection

More information

Planet Earth. Our Home APOD

Planet Earth. Our Home APOD Planet Earth Our Home APOD 1 Earth a highly evolved planet = altered dramatically since formation, due to flow of energy from interior to surface 2 Planet Earth Facts diameter (equator) 12,756 km radius

More information

The Earth - Surface and Interior

The Earth - Surface and Interior Earth's Interior The Earth - Surface and Interior Basic Data Diameter 12,756 km (equator) Mass 6 x 10 24 kg Density 5.5 g/cm 3 5500 kg/m 3 Escape velocity 11.2 km/s Temp -130 F to 140 F 183K to 333K Albedo

More information

The Earth Fast Facts. Outline. The Solar System is Ours! Astronomy 210. Section 1 MWF Astronomy Building

The Earth Fast Facts. Outline. The Solar System is Ours! Astronomy 210. Section 1 MWF Astronomy Building Astronomy 210 Section 1 MWF 1500-1550 134 Astronomy Building This Class (Lecture 19): The Earth Night Observations! Next Class: The Earth-Moon System Music: Amy Hit the Atmosphere Counting Crows The Solar

More information

Important information from Chapter 1

Important information from Chapter 1 Important information from Chapter 1 Distinguish between: Natural hazard // Disaster // Catastrophe What role does human population play in these categories? Know how to read a Hazard Map, such as Figure

More information

The Earth s Structure

The Earth s Structure Planet Earth The Earth s Structure Crust the outermost and thinnest layer of Earth Mantle the layer of rock between the Earth s crust and its core - rocks are plastic soft and easily deformed The Earth

More information

sonar seismic wave basalt granite

sonar seismic wave basalt granite geologist sonar crust geology seismic wave mantle constructive force basalt inner core destructive force granite outer core The solid, rocky, surface layer of the earth. an instrument that can find objects

More information

The Earth. Overall Structure of Earth

The Earth. Overall Structure of Earth The Earth Why Study The Earth??? It s our home! Where did life come from, where is it going. To understand the other planets. Study of other planets will, in turn, help us understand the Earth. Overall

More information

Today. Events Homework DUE next time. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres

Today. Events Homework DUE next time. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres Today Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres Events Homework DUE next time Venus Surface mapped with radar by Magellan orbtier https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ub_bbs_oh_c Continental

More information

b. atomic mass H What is the density of an object with a volume of 15cm 3 and a mass of 45g?

b. atomic mass H What is the density of an object with a volume of 15cm 3 and a mass of 45g? Name Period Date Earth Science Midterm Review 2015-2016 Quarter 1 Review Assign #1 Basic Chemistry An atom is a basic chemical building block of matter. An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

More information

The Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere

The Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere Section Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers work. Identify the layers of the atmosphere. Identify two effects of air pollution. The Atmosphere

More information

Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Chapter 2 Lecture Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology Eleventh Edition Plate Tectonics: A Scientific Revolution Unfolds Tarbuck and Lutgens From Continental Drift to Plate Tectonics Prior to the

More information

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc.

Chapter. Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. Earth Chapter Plate Science 9 Tectonics Graphics by Tasa Graphic Arts. Inc. 1 I. Earth s surface is made up of lithospheric plates. A. Lithospheric plates are composed of the crust and part of the upper

More information

Identify and explain monthly patterns in the phases of the Moon.

Identify and explain monthly patterns in the phases of the Moon. (NGSS in Parentheses) Grade Big Idea Essential Questions Concepts Competencies Vocabulary 2002 Standards The phases of the Moon are caused by the orbit of the moon around the Earth. (ESS1.A) The phases

More information

Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet

Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet Chapter 8: The Dynamic Planet I. The Pace of Change A. The Geologic Time Scale II. Earth s Structure and Internal Energy A. The Earth s Core B. The Earth s Mantle C. The Earth s Crust III. The Geologic

More information

Carbon Cycling Internal

Carbon Cycling Internal Carbon Cycling Internal The 4 subcycles Atmosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth has a radius of some 6400 km. Ninety-nine percent of the earth's atmosphere is contained within a layer approximately

More information

Chapter 20 Earth: The Standard of Comparative Planetology

Chapter 20 Earth: The Standard of Comparative Planetology Chapter 20 Earth: The Standard of Comparative Planetology Guidepost In the preceding chapter, you learned how our solar system formed as a by-product of the formation of the sun. You also saw how distance

More information

The Atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere. Section 23.1 Objectives. Chapter 23. Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science. Section 1

The Atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere. Section 23.1 Objectives. Chapter 23. Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science. Section 1 The Atmosphere Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of the Atmosphere Chapter 23 Section 1 Section 23.1 Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers

More information

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation)

1. I can describe evidence for continental drift theory (e.g., fossil evidence, mountain belts, paleoglaciation) Science 10 Review Earth Science Vocabulary asthenosphere continental drift theory converging plates diverging plates earthquakes epicentre fault hot spot inner core lithosphere mantle mantle convection

More information

Warm-Up. Explain why the Earth is like a chocolate chip cookie that was recently taken out of the oven. Mmm Earth Cookie

Warm-Up. Explain why the Earth is like a chocolate chip cookie that was recently taken out of the oven. Mmm Earth Cookie Warm-Up Explain why the Earth is like a chocolate chip cookie that was recently taken out of the oven Mmm Earth Cookie New Area of Focus: Layers of the Earth Learning about the earth s interior. The force

More information

The Solar System. Earth as a Planet

The Solar System. Earth as a Planet The Solar System Earth as a Planet Earth s Interior Core: Highest density; nickel and iron Mantle: Moderate density; silicon, oxygen, etc. Crust: Lowest density; granite, basalt, etc. Differentiation Gravity

More information

Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide

Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide Geosphere Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 1 Intro to Earth Systems 1. Name and describe Earth s 4 major spheres Geosphere-- nonliving, mostly solid rock divided into crust, mantle, and core Atmosphere a

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning:! What is an atmosphere?! How does the greenhouse effect warm

More information

Name Date Class. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question Florida Progress Monitoring and Benchmark Assessments

Name Date Class. Directions: Use the diagram below to answer question Florida Progress Monitoring and Benchmark Assessments b e n c h m a r k t e s t : e a r t h a n d s p a c e s c i e n c e Multiple Choice 1. Geologists obtain indirect evidence about Earth s interior by A measuring pressure differences at Earth s surface.

More information

Plate Tectonics. I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move

Plate Tectonics. I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move Plate Tectonics I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics II. A Mosaic of Plates III. Types of Plate Boundaries IV. How Plates Move I. The Discovery of Plate Tectonics A. Continental Drift (Alfred Wegener) Proposed

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Earth s Atmosphere. Atmospheric Pressure Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES BASICS Biogeochemical Cycle: The complete path a chemical takes through the four major components, or reservoirs, of Earth s system (atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere)

More information

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere

1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere CHAPTER 15 1 Characteristics of the Atmosphere SECTION The Atmosphere BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is Earth s atmosphere made of? How

More information

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science

Science 10 PROVINCIAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET. Unit 4. Earth Science Science 10 PROVNCAL EXAM STUDY BOOKLET Unit 4 Earth Science Student nstructions 1. Ensure that you have blank paper and a Data Booklet. 2. Record all answers on a separate piece of paper. 3. Answer keys

More information

1. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as

1. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as Sample questions 1. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle is known as b. continental drift c. subduction d. conduction 2. The transfer of thermal

More information

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Continental Drift Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined to form a single supercontinent. Wegener proposed that the

More information

Terrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet

Terrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet Terrestrial Planets: The Earth as a Planet In today s class, we want to look at those characteristics of the Earth that are also important in our understanding of the other terrestrial planets. This is

More information

Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern

Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern #12: Mineral Occurs in Nature SOLID Inorganic (not from a plant or animal) Crystalline (forms crystals) Atoms / Molecules bond in a regular pattern Regular Composition EX- Halite (salt) is always NaCl

More information

FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. FORCES ON EARTH UNIT 3.2 An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. USE THESE NOTES: OUR HOME PLANET EARTH: What do you know about our planet? SO.HOW

More information

The Living Earth. Chapter Nine. Guiding Questions

The Living Earth. Chapter Nine. Guiding Questions The Living Earth Chapter Nine Guiding Questions 1. What is the greenhouse effect? How does it affect the average temperature of the Earth? 2. Is the Earth completely solid inside? How can scientists tell?

More information

A) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge?

A) B) C) D) 4. Which diagram below best represents the pattern of magnetic orientation in the seafloor on the west (left) side of the ocean ridge? 1. Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the A) African Plate and the Eurasian Plate B) Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate C)

More information

The Rock Cycle & Plate Tectonics

The Rock Cycle & Plate Tectonics The Rock Cycle & Plate Tectonics I. The Rock Cycle 1. Rocks are the most common material on Earth. 2. They are made up of one or more minerals. A. The rock cycle explains how Earth processes change a rock

More information

Earth, the Lively* Planet. * not counting the life on the planet!

Earth, the Lively* Planet. * not counting the life on the planet! Earth, the Lively* Planet * not counting the life on the planet! What We Will Learn Today What are planet Earth s features? What processes shape planetary surfaces? How does Earth s surface move? How did

More information

Introduction To Plate Tectonics Evolution. (Continents, Ocean Basins, Mountains and Continental Margins)

Introduction To Plate Tectonics Evolution. (Continents, Ocean Basins, Mountains and Continental Margins) Introduction To Plate Tectonics Evolution (Continents, Ocean Basins, Mountains and Continental Margins) Geo 386 (Arabian Shield Course) Dr. Bassam A. A. Abuamarah Mohanna G E O 3 8 6 A R A B I A N G E

More information

Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect

Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect Earth! Objectives: Interior and plate tectonics Atmosphere and greenhouse effect Earth Fun Facts 1. Only body with liquid water on the surface. 2. Most massive terrestrial body in solar system 3. Only

More information

1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent.

1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. 1. In the diagram below, letters A and B represent locations near the edge of a continent. A geologist who compares nonsedimentary rock samples from locations A and B would probably find that the samples

More information

Theory of Plate Tectonics

Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics Theory of Plate Tectonics Lithosphere is made of sections called plates that move around called continental drift Plates move because they float on the asthenosphere Most plates consist

More information

10/27/2014. Before We Begin, You Need to Understand These Terms: Earth s Structural Key Elements & the Hazards of Plate Movement

10/27/2014. Before We Begin, You Need to Understand These Terms: Earth s Structural Key Elements & the Hazards of Plate Movement Earth s Structural Key Elements & the Hazards of Plate Movement Before We Begin, You Need to Understand These Terms: Density Convection Currents AICE EM: Lithosphere Key Content 1 & 2 Density: heat rises,

More information

Name: Date: Class: 2. The diagram below shows the Moon revolving around Earth as viewed from space. (6.L.2.1)

Name: Date: Class: 2. The diagram below shows the Moon revolving around Earth as viewed from space. (6.L.2.1) Name: Date: Class: 6 th Grade Science MSL Practice 1. The diagram below shows the rock cycle. (6.E.2.3) Which two processes result in the formation of igneous rocks? A. melting and solidification B. sedimentation

More information

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle.

Earth and Space Science Semester 2 Exam Review. Part 1. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. Earth and Space Science 2015 Semester 2 Exam Review Part 1 Convection -A form of heat transfer. - Convection currents circulate in the Asthenosphere located in the Upper Mantle. - Source of heat is from

More information

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS

UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS UNIT 6 PLATE TECTONICS CONTINENTAL DRIFT Alfred Wegner proposed the theory that the crustal plates are moving over the mantle. He argued that today s continents once formed a single landmass, called Pangaea

More information

Earth s Interior StudyGuide

Earth s Interior StudyGuide Name Date Period Earth s Interior StudyGuide 1. The two main elements that make up the Earth s crust are and. 2. The Earth s inner core is made of solid and. 3. When one plates slides under another plate

More information

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth.

FORCES ON EARTH. An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. FORCES ON EARTH An investigation into how Newton s Laws of Motion are applied to the tectonic activity on Earth. GEOLOGY Geologists scientists who study the forces that make and shape the Earth Geologists

More information

Shape and Size of the Earth

Shape and Size of the Earth Planet Earth Shape and Size of the Earth Gravity is what gives Earth its spherical shape Only effective if the body is of a critical size Critical radius is about 350 km Shape and Size of the Earth Earth

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Pressure Composition Greenhouse effect Atmospheric structure Color of the sky 1 Atmospheres

More information

Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics

Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics Practice Questions: Plate Tectonics 1. Base your answer to the following question on The block diagram below shows the boundary between two tectonic plates. Which type of plate boundary is shown? A) divergent

More information

Crustal Boundaries. As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries they interact in various ways. Convergent Transform Divergent

Crustal Boundaries. As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries they interact in various ways. Convergent Transform Divergent Name: Date: Period: Plate Tectonics The Physical Setting: Earth Science CLASS NOTES Tectonic plates are constantly moving and interacting As they move across the asthenosphere and form plate boundaries

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric

More information

What are terrestrial planets like on the inside? Chapter 9 Planetary Geology: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. Seismic Waves.

What are terrestrial planets like on the inside? Chapter 9 Planetary Geology: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. Seismic Waves. Chapter 9 Planetary Geology: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What are terrestrial planets like on the inside? Seismic Waves Vibrations that travel through Earth s interior tell us what Earth is

More information

UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA

UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA UNIT 3 GEOLOGY VOCABULARY FLASHCARDS THESE KEY VOCABULARY WORDS AND PHRASES APPEAR ON THE UNIT 3 CBA A map that shows Earth s Topographic Map surface topography, which is Earth s shape and features Contour

More information

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick

Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Sources of Gas Losses of Gas Thermal Escape Earth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick Consists mostly of molecular

More information

Earth s Geological Cycle

Earth s Geological Cycle Earth s Geological Cycle What Are the Earth s Major Geological Processes? Main Processes: 1. Plate Tectonics 2. Rock Cycle 3. Soil Formation LITHOSPHERE The Earth s Structure Earth s Interior Core (Nickel

More information

Topics: The Layers of the Earth and its Formation Sources of Heat Volcanos and Earthquakes Rock Cycle Rock Types Carbon Tax

Topics: The Layers of the Earth and its Formation Sources of Heat Volcanos and Earthquakes Rock Cycle Rock Types Carbon Tax Topics: The Layers of the Earth and its Formation Sources of Heat Volcanos and Earthquakes Rock Cycle Rock Types Carbon Tax Essay Question on Carbon Tax 1. Drilling 2. Volcanic Activity 3. Laboratory experiments

More information

The Cosmic Perspective Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds

The Cosmic Perspective Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Chapter 10 Lecture The Cosmic Perspective Seventh Edition Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics

More information

GEOLOGY. What is geology?

GEOLOGY. What is geology? GEOLOGY What is geology? It is essentially the study of the earth and it s dynamic processes. Features and processes of rocks, the earth s interior and surface. Structure of the Earth Made up of three

More information

Plate Tectonics Notes

Plate Tectonics Notes Plate Tectonics Notes Last 30 Days Earthquakes Physical Features Last 30 Days Earthquakes with Plate Boundaries Earth s Structure Earth s Layers Core: Inner Core: Center of the earth, solid ball of metal

More information

Today. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres. Homework DUE next time

Today. Events. Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth. Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres. Homework DUE next time Today Terrestrial Planet Geology - Earth Terrestrial Planet Atmospheres Events Homework DUE next time Ring of Fire Boundaries of plates traced by Earthquakes and Volcanos Plate Motions Measurements of

More information

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it.

Ch 9.1 Notes. Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Ch 9.1 Notes Objective: Be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to explain evidence that supports it. Pangaea Alfred Wegener proposed that land on Earth formed a single, huge landmass.

More information

Origin of the Oceans II. Earth A Living Planet. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Plate Tectonics II

Origin of the Oceans II. Earth A Living Planet. Earthquakes and Volcanoes. Plate Tectonics II Origin of the Oceans II Plate Tectonics II Earth A Living Planet Heat of formation of the planet is trapped at center, gradually escaping Center is nickel and iron Earthquakes and Volcanoes 1 Tracing the

More information

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea.

In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Plate Tectonics In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed Continental Drift the continents have moved over time the continents were part of one giant landmass named Pangaea. Pangaea Landmass movements over millions

More information

High School Earth Science. High Science Strand 1: Earth s Place in the Universe

High School Earth Science. High Science Strand 1: Earth s Place in the Universe High Science Strand 1: Earth s Place in the Universe Code Proposed Standards Existing GLES HS-ESS1-1. Develop a model based on evidence to illustrate the life span of the Sun and the role of nuclear fusion

More information

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes

Unit Topics. Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes The Dynamic Earth Unit Topics Topic 1: Earth s Interior Topic 2: Continental Drift Topic 3: Crustal Activity Topic 4: Crustal Boundaries Topic 5: Earthquakes Topic 1: Earth s Interior Essential Question:

More information

Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1. Most stars are made mostly of. 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun s surface are

Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1. Most stars are made mostly of. 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun s surface are Name Period Date 8R MIDTERM REVIEW I. ASTRONOMY 1. Most stars are made mostly of 2. The dark, cooler areas on the sun s surface are 3. When hydrogen nuclei fuse they form 4. Einstein s equation is 5. The

More information

1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted?

1. What is Wegener s theory of continental drift? 2. What were the 4 evidences supporting his theory? 3. Why wasn t Wegener s theory excepted? Notebook 7a and 7b Objective (left-side): Students will be able to explain the theory of plate tectonics and be able to make predictions about plate interactions. Mapping Reflection 1. What is Wegener

More information

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers.

Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. 1 2.2 F e a ture s o f P la te T e c to nic s Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid

More information

Phys 214. Planets and Life

Phys 214. Planets and Life Phys 214. Planets and Life Dr. Cristina Buzea Department of Physics Room 259 E-mail: cristi@physics.queensu.ca (Please use PHYS214 in e-mail subject) Lecture 10. Geology and life. Part 1 (Page 99-123)

More information

22.4 Plate Tectonics. Africa

22.4 Plate Tectonics. Africa The Red Sea between Africa and the Arabian peninsula in Asia marks a region where two pieces of the lithosphere are slowly moving apart. Over the next 100 million years, the Red Sea could become an ocean.

More information

Outcome C&D Study Guide

Outcome C&D Study Guide Name: Class: Outcome C&D Study Guide Identify the layers of Earth s interior Lithosphere the upper most layer of the earth that includes the crust and the hard outer mantle. It is fractured into tectonic

More information

Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice

Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice Name: Topic 12: Dynamic Earth Pracatice 1. Earth s outer core is best inferred to be A) liquid, with an average density of approximately 4 g/cm 3 B) liquid, with an average density of approximately 11

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE

Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 9 Plate Tectonics 9.1 Continental Drift An Idea Before Its Time Wegener s continental drift hypothesis stated that the continents had once been joined

More information

Plate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test

Plate Tectonics Tutoiral. Questions. Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman. Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Teacher: Mrs. Zimmerman Print Close Plate Tectonics and Mountains Practice Test Plate Tectonics Tutoiral URL: http://www.hartrao.ac.za/geodesy/tectonics.html Questions 1. Fossils of organisms that lived

More information

Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics

Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Chapter 5 Notes: Plate Tectonics Earth s Interior Scientists learn about the interior of Earth in 2 ways o Direct Method Rock Samples Drilling Caves o Indirect Method Seismic Waves Speed of waves and paths

More information

12.2 Plate Tectonics

12.2 Plate Tectonics 12.2 Plate Tectonics LAYERS OF THE EARTH Earth is over 1200 km thick and has four distinct layers. These layers are the crust, mantle (upper and lower), outer core, and inner core. Crust outer solid rock

More information

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics

Continental Drift. & Plate Tectonics Continental Drift & Plate Tectonics Alfred Wegener, a German scientist, proposed the hypothesis of CONTINENTAL DRIFT, in 1912. Hypothesis stated: All Earth s continents were once a single landmass (Pangaea)

More information

Chapter 6. The Earth. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Chapter 6. The Earth. Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 6 The Earth Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Planet Profile Mass: 5,972,190,000,000,000 billion kg Equatorial Diameter: 12,756 km Polar

More information

Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core 1. What happens to the temperature as you travel to the center of the Earth?

Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core 1. What happens to the temperature as you travel to the center of the Earth? Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core 1. What happens to the temperature as you travel to the center of the Earth? IT GETS HOTTER. 2. What happens to the density as you travel to the

More information

12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate.

12. The diagram below shows the collision of an oceanic plate and a continental plate. Review 1. Base your answer to the following question on the cross section below, which shows the boundary between two lithospheric plates. Point X is a location in the continental lithosphere. The depth

More information