Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe

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1 Formation of the Universe & What is in Space? The Big Bang Theory and components of the Universe

2 The Big Bang Theory

3 The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory is the most widely accepted scientific explanation for the origin of the Universe and everything in it. ~ 14 billion years ago the clock started. Video (Video 2) Evidence: 1. Galaxies appear to be moving away from us (expansion) 2. Cosmic microwaves from the heat (explosion) 3. The formation of certain elements can be predicted (cooling) 4. Galaxies from long ago are different than galaxies of today (change)

4 Evidence for the Big Bang The Universe had a Beginning Cosmic Microwaves from the Heat We are reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. Galaxies appear to be moving away from us, so the Universe is expanding. It must have originated from somewhere, in a single speck (singularity). If the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) is the leftover radiation from the expanding Universe. Video

5 Evidence for the Big Bang Light Elements Hydrogen and Helium Changing Galaxies The early universe was hot and dense enough to make virtually all the helium, lithium and deuterium (hydrogen with a neutron attached) present in the cosmos today. Galaxies tend to form their stars in a pancake-like disk with high ellipticity (very squashed). As a galaxy ages, its initial thin disk of stars starts to thicken the middle-aged spread and the galaxy becomes older, rounder and less squashed. Heavier elements (oxygen, iron, uranium) were formed in stars and supernova explosions

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8 Big Bang Theory - Then and Now Size: 0, m3 4 x 1080 m3 Temperature: 1032 Kelvins 2,73 Kelvins (-271 C) Density: 1,19 x 1015 kg /m3 0,25 atomes /m3

9 Components of the Universe Galaxies vidéo A galaxy is a collection of stars, gas, interstellar dust, and dark matter bound together with gravity. We live in the Milky Way galaxy. Spiral Elliptical Irregular

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11 Components of the Universe Nébula A nebulae is a cloud of gas and dust in outer space. Astronomers believe that these clouds are the birthplace of stars through the action of gravity.

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13 Components of the Universe Dwarf Star Dwarf Stars are low mass stars that consume their hydrogen very slowly over a long period of time (100 billion years). They lose mass over that time. Our sun is a yellow dwarf star. red, yellow, white et black

14 Components of the Universe Massive Star Massive Stars are born out of nebulae. High mass stars consume their energy rapidly and the core gets so hot that the helium fuses making heavier elements causing the star to swell. In 4-5 billion years our star will swell. vidéo

15 Components of the Universe Supernovas Supernovas are the end stage of a massive star s life. Once the massive star creates an iron core it can t continue to condense under the gravitational force, so it Explodes! vidéo

16 Components of the Universe A Quasar is a source of electromagnetic energy, including visible light and radio waves. Scientists believe that at the middle of a quasar is a supermassive black hole and acceleration of matter around the black hole is what gives the quasar power. vidéo

17 Components of the Universe Black Holes vidéo vidéo Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into infinite density. The gravitational pull of a black hole is so strong that light cannot escape When a massive star collapses and explodes in a supernova, astronomers believe that black holes are sometimes formed. Video 3

18 Space Technologies Telescopes - Refracting telescopes come in big and small.

19 Space Technologies Hubble site Space telescope Hubble has been in its Earthly orbit for the past 26 years taking astonishing pictures and collecting useful data.

20 Spatial Technologies Space Probes Since February 2016, 15 space probes are currently exploring space. The probes leave Earth s orbit to explore the moon, other planets in the solar system, and interstellar space

21 Cassini Mission ( )

22 Cassini ( ) October 15, 1997: Launch date began the 7-year journey to Saturn Cassini carried 12 instruments that took images across the electromagnetic spectrum, detected dust and collected information on Saturn s magnetosphere. The mission was only supposed to last 4 years but was extended to continue collecting data and pictures

23 The particles that make up the rings range in size from smaller than a grain of sand to as large as mountains, and are mostly made of water ice. The exact nature of the material responsible for bestowing color on the rings remains a matter of intense debate among scientists.

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25 New Horizons New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe that was launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program. Launch Date: October 2006 Jan 1, 2019 : New Horizons will fly past the Kuiper belt (1 billion miles past Pluto) and exit the solar system.