Tranzistoriai. 1947: W.H.Brattain and J.Bardeen (Bell Labs, USA)
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1 LTRONOS ĮTASA Tranzistoriai 1947: W.H.Brattain an J.Bareen (Bell Labs, USA) JPPi J.P.Pierce (Bell lllabs): tran(sfer)+(re)sistor ( ) t = transistor. t 1949: W.Schockley pasiūlė plokštinio vipolio tranzistoriaus teoriją. 1956: Šokliui, Barynui ir Bratenui Nobelio premija.
2 LTRONOS ĮTASA Transistors
3 LTRONOS ĮTASA Transistors
4 LTRONOS ĮTASA Transistors The first transistor was invente at Bell Laboratories on December 16, 1947 by William Shockley (seate at Brattain's laboratory bench), John Bareen (left) an Walter Brattain (right). This was perhaps the most important electronics event of the 20th century, as it later mae possible the integrate t circuit it an microprocessor that t are the basis of moern electronics.
5 LTRONOS ĮTASA Transistors
6 LTRONOS ĮTASA The first junction transistor
7 LTRONOS ĮTASA t storija After years of research an experimentation involving literally hunres of scientist from aroun the worl, the final breakthrough in the evelopment of the transistor was left to three men. Dr Walter Brattain, Dr John Bareen an Dr William Shockley all three scientists working at Bell laboratories, are the men creite with this significant achievement. n December 1947 they mae the historic iscovery of the transistor effect an in so oing evelope the very first transistor evice. n 1956 their achievement was acknowlege when they were aware the Nobel Prize for physics.
8 LTRONOS ĮTASA Tranzistoriai i i pnp (a)irnpn(b)tranzistorių (b) ariniai ir žymenys schemose Tran(sfer) + (re)sistor = Transistor
9 LTRONOS ĮTASA Tranzistoriai i i 1. Sanara ir veiksena 2. Tranzistoriaus jungimo ir veikos variantai 3. Dvipolių tranzistorių statinės charakteristikos Molo ir berso formulės Teorinės statinės charakteristikos Realios statinės charakteristikos 4. Tranzistoriaus, kaip tiesinio aktyviojo keturpolio, parametrai 5. Tranzistorių ekvivalentinės graninės T pavialo ekvivalentinės graninės pavialo ekvivalentinė graninė 6. Tranzistorių ažninės savybės 7. Dvipolių tranzistorių atmainos
10 LTRONOS ĮTASA T R A N Z S T O R A
11 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai p n p p pr p 0 n p n p pr p 0 B n pr 0 B... Tranzistoriaus emiterio srovė valo jo kolektoriaus srovę.
12 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai Statinis emiterio srovės peravimo koeficientas: p p p p p ; p p n p pr p p n p p pr oeficientas vainamas emiterio efektyvumu. Jis nusako, kokią emiterio srovės alį suaro srovė, kurianti bazėje krūvininkus, lemiančius pagrininę tranzistoriaus srovę. oeficientas yra krūvininkų pernašos per bazę koeficientas, nusakantis, kuri injektuotų į bazę krūvininkų alis pasiekia kolektoriaus sanūrą ir kuria pagrininę tranzistoriaus srovę.
13 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai Tranzistoriaus veikos atmainos Jungimo variantai: Benrosios bazės (BB) Benrojo emiterio (B) Apgrąžinė veika U Soties būsena Benrojo kolektoriaus (B) Užaroji būsena Stiprinimo veika U
14 LTRONOS ĮTASA T R A N S Z T O R A Tranzistorius paprasčiausiose i stiprintuvų graninėse Tran(sfer) + (re)sistor = Transistor
15 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai Diferencialinis emiterio srovės peravimo koeficientas: p U UB R R R P U U r r r B B B B B P U R r B... Įjungtas pagal benrosios bazės schemą tranzistorius gali stiprinti elektrinių virpesių įtampą ir galią. Taip yra toėl, ka tranzistoriaus išėjimo srovė, kuri apytikriai lygi įėjimo j srovei, teka apkrovos varža, kuri aug iesnė už tranzistoriaus įėjimo varžą. Su šia mintimi susijęs ir pats terminas tranzistorius. Angliškas žois transistor buvo suarytas iš viejų žožių: tran(sfer) pernešti ir (re)sistor rezistorius.
16 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai B B B B 1 / 1 / 1 / R R U U B B B B r r U U U P... Įjungtas pagal benrojo emiterio schemą tranzistorius gali stiprinti elektrinių virpesių srovę,įtampą ir galią.
17 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai Stiprinimoi i BB B B koeficientas < 1 > 1 >>1 U >>1 >>1 <1 P >>1 >>1 >>1 Žinios apie srovės, įtampos ir galios stiprinimą
18 LTRONOS ĮTASA Dvipoliai tranzistoriai 1. uri tranzistoriaus sritis ploniausia? uri ižiausia? uri gausiausiai legiruota? 2. pnp tranzistoriaus bazės pagrininiai krūvininkai (elektronai, skylės). 3. uri tranzistoriaus srovė stipriausia? uri silpniausia? urios srovės beveik vienoo stiprumo? 4. Tranzistorius įjungtas pagal benrosios bazės schemą. Jo = 0,98, kolektoriaus šiluminė srovė 25 na. Raskite kolektoriaus srovę, kai emiterio srovė 1 ma. 5. npn tranzistoriaus kolektoriaus srovė 2 ma, bazės srovė 40 A. C Apskaičiuokite apytikres ir reikšmes. 6. Dvipolio tranzistoriaus = 0,99. Raskite Pakartokite skaičiavimąkai = 0,98. Pakomentuokite rezultatus.
19 LTRONOS ĮTASA After years of research an experimentation involving literally hunres of scientist from aroun the worl, the final breakthrough in the evelopment of the transistor was left to three men. Dr Walter Brattain, Dr John Bareen an Dr William Shockley all three scientists working at Bell laboratories, are the men creite with this significant achievement. n December 1947 they mae the historic iscovery of the transistor effect an in so oing evelope the very first transistor t evice. n 1956 their achievement was acknowlege when they were aware the Nobel Prize for physics.
20 LTRONOS ĮTASA trailing the Transistor History.mht
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