Assessing the Viability of Investment in Sudan ( )

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1 Al-Neelain University From the SelectedWorks of Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed Summer May 8, 009 Assessing the Viability of Investment in Sudan ( ) Professor Issam A.W. Mohamed Available at:

2 Assessing the Viability of Investment in Sudan ( ) Professor Dr. Issam A.W. Mohamed 009

3 Estimation of the Investment Function in Sudan ( ) Professor Dr. Issam A.W. Mohamed. ABSTRACT ارات ا... 4 تار ار$# ا"دان... 9 ' داار$# ا"دان... 8.ا/.- وا"+*ت اا Professor of Economics Alneelain University Khartoum-Sudan. P.O. Box 90-. issamawmohamed@hotmail.com

4 . Abstract Most developing and underdeveloped countries beside Sudan suffer from low levels of income in addition to the low savings that are result from the lack of public savings channels. Hence, investments depend on the individuals' abilities on savings where they are major motivating vehicle for economic activity due to its direct correlation with capital accumulation process that increases the productive capacity for the national economy and help to create job opportunities and achieving economic development. Subsequently, the importance of the investment comes from the effective role that can be practiced on the national product. Currently, Sudan endures severe economic crisis which the degeneration of its economic sectors, subsequent deteriorating productivity and diminishing revenues especially after the secession of the Southern region and loss of more than 75% of oil resources. The needs for investments escalate to revive its ability to survive, without that can be mission impossible. This study aims at explaining the impact of influencing factors on the investment function in the Sudan. An econometric model is formulated, assuming that there is a causal relationship between investment and influential factors represented. The results show there is a positive relationship between investment and Gross Domestic Products (GDP), while there is a negative relationship between inflation rate and finance cost on investment. The study concluded that there is significant effect of the inflation rate and finance cost. However, there are other factors that may have negative impacts on investments which can vary from administrative complications to corruption that are rife and probably entrenched in the system. From the above mentioned results the study recommends that it is necessary to extend the analysis to include other variables with significant effect on investment such as imports, national income, and government expenditure to attain a model that can be used for investment anticipation in the coming years. '554# 455= ا 55 ولا/ *55 وا: 55 وا 55 "دان 55> */;55 ا: 55 ض #55$ 55 "تا 55 8 "لو ا 8 و "دأو@*اد 8 ر?"رة و 5 #ا 5 ر "35E 5E اد 8 ر ا Jا'# H*I G4 ارا Nك ا.*#/ Lطا OEدير' GطRا 45QG * 5 OESدا" # وX8 ا 4 5 و' X5*Nا/* 5 زدةا? E اT ا W "> اأ#ا Jي 4V ا OEد.و# '/0G أھ*ار < اورا: 54 لا J5 ي 5W > أنر اT 5 جا 5 " #. وE ھ$^ اراإ F '"6*\ أ]ا 4 "ا V ا 5 دا 5 ا 5 ر #5$ ا 5 "دان و+ a*5 5 "ذج E *س ;.و:ض و ESت GG * *> اروا 4 "ا V ا_]ة$* R 6$* و 5*> 54 لا c5 =و' 5:W ا" V5 ES@ طد*> ار وا/'- ا N #ا T #و@ ا 5 ر.و 5E أ 5 م ا 5 /;-ا O5IT.#وا V5*Nا* #5 5 امط 5 ا 54 تا eo5 ى ا 4 دا# '4 < ا?قا** ا C *ة$# ' 4 Sت ا ES4 تا OEد. '"+^ ارا 5 إ ا 55 م و 55 "د 'g55]* 55/4 "ي 55> V55GE 554 ل ا c55 = و' 55:W ا" V55 ] 55Gت 055 ا 55*eات.

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15 . ' W "نإ Qرا'; G < ا" 0Eأن. ' W "نإ Qرا'; G < ا" 0Eأن. ' W "نإ Qرا'; G < ا" 0Eأن : B : B 3 : B 4 ( )م *"نR*/ S8 لا:ة GDP ا/'-ا N #ا T # 4Dرا Cر GDP ا/"ات GDP ا/"ات :ا C ;زا nkي{ OIء- =E ا V8 ا" # 979) 008. ا O ر < ا C ول IS أنھ/ iزدة *5 $ 5 #ا/ 5 '-ا 5kH5*I#5Nن 5 م 979 * 5 "ن 35.9 /*55 ]55= '"ا 55 ^ ا 55nدة S558 ل 55 /"ات ارا 55 و 055 ا pg55 #55$ ذ i55 ا F55 0*CL55' ا 55 ر و' gھ* V55.وأ c5 ھ/ 5 ك pg5 ا Lو@تا GWى أدىإ Fإر':عاT ج وإ lw4 إ ا/ 5 '-ا #5N آ 8 ھ"د 8 "لا Gولk /- OESدا"دا#. 4 لا c = INF ا/"ات INF ا/"ات

16 i/: ا"دانا nkيارا/" 979) 008. *ا O ر < ا C ول IS أن ھ/ i ' gر \$# 4 تا H*I=c 979 ]= 33.9 إ:ˆ ا F $# 980 م وھJWاظV gر 5 5N *> ا 5nدةواT : 5 ض S58 ل 5 /"اتارا F5I5 و+ 966 ما F 30.4 وھ#أ@ F G S8 لارا 'c=. :W' ا" S8Vلا:ة ). % CF % CF ا/"ات ا/"ات i/: ا"دانارا/" 979) 008. ا O ر < ا C ولأ@ Sه IS أنھ/كزدة 5 ة #5$ 'W:5 ا" V5 S58 لا 54 م 979 5> 989 م ]5= 990 م 5e^ %9.0.و 54 ھ ' gر 5N ^إ F5 أنو+ 5 ^ا F5 4 %وھ 5 #أ@ F5 G5 S8 ل /"اتارا ]= إ:c^ وظ^ '/:ˆ ا Fأنو+^ا.9F 008 م 4/5 ا Oف : 4 ا Oف R*/C ا"دا S8# ل( EXR EXR ا/"ات ا/"ات

17 ا"دانارا/" 979) 008 ا O ر:/ i < ا C ول IS ھ/ i ' gر \$# 4 ا OفS8 < ( )مو 4 ھظV ]^ H*I =[ ار': 0 ا F5 #5$ 5 م م =5[ 4 ذ iإ 4 ا Oف$# اTر': 5 ع وذ 5i5 V8 ا i5/gا n5kي/ 5 *= 5Qاءا 4 S5 تا 5*G/D و /0 اورk "* د 050$ وا 5N 5> ا 5C'Tر #5$ ا 4 5 وiJ5kا 5nدة #5$ ا IT *ط* 5 ت 5> ا/ 5 اG/D #. V*N' e *اتا/"ذج ا/"ذجا?#اارھ": I = B o + B X + B X B 3 X 3 + B 4 X 4 + u i H*I أن : X ا/'-ا N #ا T #= 4 لا c == X X 3 :W' ا" V = 4 ا Oف= X 4 \6" ا C ولا#إ OIءو+:# G *ت : Pearson Correlation Sig. (-tailed) N ار ا ا ا ام اول ر ارف Descriptive Statistics Mean Std. Deviation N " 6 \ا C ESتار' Gط*> ا e *اتا $# ا V*N. ار ا ا ا ام اول ر ارف ار ا ا ا ام اول ر ارف ار ا ا ا ام اول ر ارف Correlations ام ا ا ا ار رارف اول C اولا#: امط ا 4 تا eoيا 4 د V*N ا N ار VON 5

18 Model Variables Entered/Removed a Variables Entered Variables Removed. ا ا ا. ر ارف Method Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-o f-f-to-enter <=.050, Probability-o f-f-to-remov e >=.00). Stepwise (Criteria: Probability-o f-f-to-enter <=.050, Probability-o f-f-to-remov e >=.00). ار Variable: a. Dependent Model Summary c Mode l R Adjuste d R Std. Error of the R Square Change Statistics R Square Square Estimate Change Change df df Change.94 a b a. Predictors: (Constant), ا ا ا (Constant), b. Predictors: ارف ر, ا ا ا ار Variable: c. Dependent F Sig. F Durbin- Watson 4/" ا/"ذج أنا*ا N "وا 5eG (95.66) و 5 ر ت 5I n = (7) و = n C "عإ F ولF 55 ل F55@ 55"/4 ا/ 55 "ذجأيذود 55 () و 55 "ى 55"/4 (5%) و 55 "ىد 55 (0.000) 55 إ OI.*. Model Regression Residual Total Regression Residual Total ANOVA c Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig..E a.09e E E b.77e E+09 9 a. Predictors: (Constant), ا ا ا (Constant), b. Predictors: رارف, ا ا ا ار Variable: c. Dependent )$# ا/ 5_5G *= ا 5*e EXR CF INF GDP ) و 4 /#ذ iأن G ھا e *اتا ا 05 ( I )وا 5eG وأن %3 5> ا 5*eات #5$ ا 5 ر '/p5 ا #5 5*eاتأ 58 ى و V 4 ا? gا L4 "ا.#. 6

19 Model (Constant) ا ا ا (Constant) ا ا ا ر ارف ار Variable: a. Dependent Unstandardized Coefficients Coefficients a Standardized Coefficients B Std. Error Beta t Sig E E Excluded Variables c Model ام اول ر ارف ام اول Partial Collinearit Correlati y Statistics Beta In t Sig. on Tolerance.004 a a a b b a. Predictors in the Model: (Constant), ا ا ا (Constant), b. Predictors in the Model: ارف ر, ا ا ا ار Variable: c. Dependent Predicted Value Residual Std. Predicted Value Std. Residual ار Variable: a. Dependent Residuals Statistics a Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation N ':* راتا/"ذج = B وھ #5 'V5 ا 5 ط 0 5C انا? g5 ا 5*4 ري; 5 5 وي وE * 5 t ا 5N " 'وي و "ىدوي ;أ \6"' طدا ES4 *> ا 5 روا/ 5 '-ا #5N ا QTرةا" kg VN' وھ# B = 0.00 ا T # وھJا? X 05 ا/ 5 ا O5Eد و5C أنا? g5 ا 5*4 ري; 5 5 وي ( )وE * t5 ا N " 'وي ( 0.84 )و "ىد (0.000). 5;أ \56"' *5W@ ا 5ES4 و'? X5 05 ا/ 5 ا 5QTرةا kg5 5 V5N' وھ #5 B = ا OEد#ا nدة$# 4 ا Oف [_' G F@ ار. I = GDP EXR Se ( ) (0.000) (64.303) T (3.043) (0.84) (-.99) sig ( 0.005) ( 0.000) ( 0.037) R = 0.87 DW =.9 7

20 " "د>$# ا/"ذجا 4 م. =' إ 4Gد <*e *a <*"/4 وھ cf) F@( inf ا a = < ;أ k k%875 أنا 5nدة #5$ و 4 ا Oف #5$ ا/ 5_5G ر 5e^ وC G ا/'-ا N #ا T # ' 5 _ديا F5 ز 5 دةا 5 ر/ G5 * 5 "ن 5*/ ] 5Gت ا/ 5 '-ا 5N #ا T #5 * 5 "ن 5*/ ا 4 "ا V5 ا 58Dى. ھJ5 ا 5/4 هأن 5 45 ا O5 ف" 5I ةوا 5I ة 5 _ديا F5 ز 5 دةا 5 ر/ G5 أنE * 5 V5 4 اTر' 5Gطا 54 دھ 0.93)#5 ) *"ن /* ] Gتا 4 "ا V5 ا 58Dى. 5Cو و 455 ا O55 ف ا T #55 وھJ55 ا "556\ ان ا 55ES4 E"55 55*> ا 55 ر ke*55 '055 وا/ 55 '- ا #55N. k e *ات א#"!وא 4 لا c =و' W :ا" V ] Gتا e *اتا 8Dى 0 F@ ار. VGE < 4 /"ي *[g' " = "56\ ھJ5 ا 56 ورة 'N5 أھ 5 افو' واN56 5> V54C' ا 5 ر 5*8 #@.R*G?' أنھ/ك ' 4 دا C ;تا Œ إدارةا 4 *ت ار ا C * 0 اا'* 4 *C V *C ' 4 SتE "ا*> 0*CL' ار '_دي إ ] ا> 5I "لا 5Œ*G ا_ 5 *وا/** 5 $# ا 5 "دان.@ 5 #أنا/ 5.- 'L5* إ 5 #أنا 5 ر إنو 5 R5 5 ھوا #5$N56 X5*N' ا/* 5 ا"از وا 5 ا و'/* 5 ا 35 و' 5$*$"5 صا 4 V5.و 5Wن '"5*0 ا/ 5 "ذج hد 58 ل 5*eات # وذ O5Ni5 أ 8 ىذات 'g]* 4 ار V ا 5 "اردات وا 5 V8 واT : 5 قا 5WN " F5@ إا / G _ر$# R ا/"اتاد. #@ Rأ < ا"ا 56\56 ورةا 4 V5 "ذج W > #55$ <*55N' أداءا_ F55@ ا 55Tارا/ 55 ي 55 إ 55 ارا 55 *تا 55*W N $ 55 ا O5Eدا 5*W و' 5N *>ا/ 5 خا 54 م 5S ر. ھJ5 ا l*5g' 05 L5 و@تا F5/Gا 0*CL55*N ا$تار وإ Qاك ا?عاصا"ط/#واG/D #$# '"; وإ@?ءارا 5n 5> ا N "ا$ n وا* nاتوذ i =CI H*I < رؤوساD "الاة. א&א%$.8.9. أI زk #+*م Gدئار دارا Gھ-/ L وا"ز م.. إ*س 4 : G@ ا I *= أ] ا" Vا O $# F@ ار$# ا"دان HN * 54 ا/**> اط"م 000 م ).3 i/ ا"دان ا nkي ارا/" :W' ا" V.4 i/ ا"دان ا nkي ارا/" 4 ا Oف 979) i/ ا"دان ا nkي ارا/" 4 لا c = -979) ]5 ا: ا O5 ار' 5Gطا? 5 #ا 54 د دا 5 ا 5 ر #5$ ا 5 "دان H5N * 4 أ ر ناST * 00 م..7 ا C ;زا nkي{ OIء =E ا V8 ا" # ار$# ا"دان 979) ).8 ا C ;زا nkي{ OIء =E ا V8 ا" # ا/'-ا N #ا T # 9. دو /*i :دور ا OITء وا OEد ا*# ' د. 4 $5I ا 5 اراو* 5 5S رات ا$* اWT /ر.ون 'ر. الله داار$# ا"دان HN * 4 أ ر ناST * را* R 45. ا 5 >أ 5 "ا: 5 "ح : 5 ھ*=و 5C4 تأ 5$*5 #ا O5ITء?54G ا 45QTع اW5T /ر 00 م..;* N ا/ا OEد اھة 00 م. H5N ا 5 "دان 5?Eعا أI أ W أ]ا 5 را 5G/D #ا 5QG N 3.ا O X * 4 أ ر ناST * 004 م. 4.@G ادر دور ارا Lك$#ا 0*/Oا nرا@#وا/* #5$5 ا 5 "دان ر * *a / L "رة 4 ا/**> 000 م. 8

21 ا 5 در 5*?@ ا 5N #5$H ا O5Eدا* #5 ا 5 ارا C 5*4 اW5T /ر 5G@ ا 5 در 5N G@.5 00 م. 6.@G ا N ا I > O ا OEدا W # ا W ا 4 * ا 4 "د اض 996 م. 7.@نإاھ*=ا* '?* و'/:* Jا Lو@ت 985 م. دارا/ھ- 00 م. ا 4 *وي.درات ا C وىا OEدو'"=ا Lو@ت k.8 ظ= = 9.ا_ا c*4 نار ' /خار$# اول ا 4 * ا 995 ^"Wم. 0. VW إ ن.ا OEدا W #. ' N إاھ*= / O "ر دارا اض 999 م. ا GCر ا OEدا*# داروا. 998 Vم G@ و@:ف <*I F@ ار وا" V ورQ _'.ا/ا 4 */* اTدار ا" Vار #ا QG ' Cرب *@ #$ J باراG/D # اھة 006 م. 3.ا;* Œ ا 4 S ر E "ن 0*CL' ار اط"م 990 م. 4.وزارةار E "ن '/*= و' 0*CLارا O /@# اط"م 974 م. 5.وزارةار E "ن '/* ارا nرا@# اط"م 976 م. 6.وزارةا 4 ون او#وار ;زار E "ن 0*CL' ار اط"م 999 م. 7.وزارةا O /@وا 4 > E "ن '/*= ار و' R4*CL اط"م 956 م. 8.وزارةا* 5 وا O5Eد اTدارةا و-ا 5 ر 5E "ن 0*CL5' ا 5 ر اط 5 "م 996 م. 9.وزارةا*وا?*ا OEدي اD ا 4 S ر اط"م 980 م

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