DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP. Conceptual Network Design For The Regional Cabled Observatory

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1 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP Conceptual Network Design For The Regional Cabled Observatory

2 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP Planning for a 30-year Experiment A design allowing future expansion is critical The RCO can be leveraged in many ways The RCO can integrate Global and Coastal Science Globally significant processes can be explored locally and regionally by the RCO

3 The Year 1976, where will we be in 2036? Apple II Introduced 4K of Memory NSF Budget $76M 2006 dollars Most Popular Shows Happy Days, Laverne and Shirley, Mash Viking 1 lands on Mars

4 Hydrothermal Vents Galapagos: THEN First Plume Weiss et al., Nature 1977 First Published Smoker Image Spiess et al., 1980 And NOW

5 LEVERAGING THE RCO STAGE I: Neptune Canada Online W 128 W 127 W 126 W 49 N 48 N Ridge ISS Branching Unit Instrumented Node Future expansion ~$60M CAN to UVIC ~6 instrumented nodes Endeavour = Ridge ISS $5M Keck Foundation for proto-neptune observatory ODP Boreholes RCO Stage I = Canada RCO Stage II = US

6 Potential for Integrating Global to Coastal Processes Subarctic Current West Wind Drift Alaska Gyre Alaska Current Central Pacific Gyre California Current

7 Global RFA Station Papa Subarctic WWD Thermometry A = PHASE 1 B = PHASE 2 Examine impact of warming on subpolar biogeochemical and ecological regimes Investigate and quantify vertical mixing Improve parameterization of atmospheric forcing Characterize global earth seismic structure, response of lithosphere to subduction-zone faulting events Examine gyre-scale acoustic thermometry and ocean dynamics

8 Potential for Integrating Global to Coastal Processes Subarctic Current Alaska Gyre Alaska Current West Wind Drift Southern California Bight Central Pacific Gyre California Current

9 RFA Coastal-Biogeochemical Processes 46.6 Tsunami, earthquakes RCO full water column moorings Large-scale transport of water and biogeochemical properties Large scale along coast gradients in productivity and community structure Hypoxia, harmful algal blooms, carbon dynamics and cross-margin flux Flow interaction with hydrate ridge methane sources

10 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP Conceptual Network Design Timeline MAY RFA Responses [Global (2); Coastal (1)], > 175 PI s September 2005 NSF Panel indicated 9 proposals ready to go forward October 2005 STAC RCO Subcommittee charged to summarize, prioritize, layout design framework. Watch dogs assigned January 2006 SUR s finished for ALL 16 RFA s; costs estimated February - March 2006 Subset of PI s and RCO STAC develop Stage II

11 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP STAC RCO SUBCOMMITTEE Deborah Kelley UW Co-Chair Kevin Brown SIO Co-Chair Keir Becker RSMAS Charlie Paull MBARI John Horne UW William Wilcock UW Engineer Liaisons Keith Raybould MBARI Gary Harkins UW Mark Zumberge SIO Gene Maission MBARI

12 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP Design Considerations $90M Budget Cap Expandable for the future Reliable = Redundancy Excluding Shore Station & CI Excluding minor cables, tertiary nodes, & connectors Trade-off s between infrastructure and instrumentation Accommodation of instruments Coastal-Global Integration

13 Costing for the Regional Cabled Observatorybased on: NEPTUNE baseline costing MARS (RCO Testbed) MARS Science Node VENUS ( NEPTUNE Canada (Stage I) These sources provide best estimates for many components Monterey Accelerated Research System MARS data hub & power supply

14 CABLE COMPONENTS

15 Primary Node Characteristics: $ M (±10%) 10kV PRIMARY NODE 8 Science Ports 1 Expansion Port to Secondary Node 400V 10/100 Base-T Ethernet Timing signal Backbone 2kV Gigabit ethernet Timing signal Accommodates 1 Secondary Node Up to 10kW, UW mateable connector to extension cable to Secondary Node 8 ports for instruments or benthic nodes (nearby deployments ~ 100 m) RCO PRIMARY NODE DESCRIPTION

16 Secondary Node Characteristics:$1.5M (±30%) Primary Node km SECONDARY NODE science ports Expansion Port Secondary Nodes can be daisychained 10 kw Timing accuracy 1 µsec 6-10 science ports 1 wet-mateable connector 1 10/100 Base T Ethernet connection VDC Power Output Line 1 48 VDC Power Output Line 1 Timing signal 1 Expansion Port for Daisy-Chain 1 Wet-mateable fiber optic/electrical connector 1 Gigabit 10/1000BaseF Ethernet connection VDC Power Output line 1 dual line 2kVDC power output connection 1 Timing signal

17 Low Power Benthic Node: $135k ROV laid cable Power small cluster of instruments Low voltage 400V < 5 km from Secondary Node (academic ROV) Easily retrieved 100 m cable lengths to instruments Permanent base, removable head Example from MARS

18 Extension cables: Long Run km cables $17k/km Cable Ship laid Armored Short Run km cables Cable $10k/km ROV laid Ship with ROV $50k/day ~ 5 km /day required in challenging environments Trade-off between costs of long and Short run cables

19 DESIGN & IMPLEMENATION WORKSHOP Summary Major RCO Components Item Primary Node Backbone Cable installed Branching Unit Secondary Node Major Extension Cable Installed Small Benthic Node Vertical Profiler (no instruments) ROV Laid Extension Cable* Ship + ROV Optical Connector *does not include installation Estimated Cost $2.5M $17K/km $500K $1.5M $17K/km $135K $1.7M $10K/km $50K/day $30K/pair

20 STAGE II: Scenario I 2000 km of Backbone 12 Primary Nodes 12 water column moorings COST > $150M

21 50 N N10 N11 N7 N8 N5 N9 N6 STAGE II-SCENARIO 2 WORKING MODEL 1750 km Backbone 6 Science Nodes 5 Branching Units 9 Water column moorings Total = $107M N4 45 N N2 N1 N3 130 W 125 W

22 N7 N4 N11 N10 N8 N5 N9 STAGE 1 N6 RELIABILITY Connecting STAGE I and Stage II N5-N8 may be critical for power & communications redundancy N3 N2 N1 STAGE 2

23 N7 N4 N11 N10 N8 N5 N9 STAGE 1 N6 RELIABILITY Connecting STAGE I and Stage II N5-N8 may be critical for power & communications redundancy N3 N2 N1 STAGE 2

24 An Interdisciplinary Ocean Observatory Linking Ocean Dynamics, Climate, & Ecosystem Response from Basin to Regional Scales Alaska current Subarctic WWD CP Gyre 2/1998 low 8/1998 California current high chlorophyll annual variability

25 glider AUV mixed layer 200 m 600 m RCO Moorings: the 3rd Dimension Surface layer profiling package 200 m float m profiler 600 m bottom profiler Contributes to three of the grand challenges identified in NSF s Ocean Sciences New Millennium Report: Ocean Turbulence and dynamics Role of the ocean in global climate Non-equilibrium ecosystem dynamics Interannual/decadal variability warm phase cool phase 3000 m Bottom Package PDO &ENSO

26 SEISMICITY & DEFORMATION A Plate-Scale Observatory For Seismology & Geodynamics of the Pacific Northwest Earthquakes, Physics, & Fault Mechanics Observatory on the Blanco Transform Fault Seismic and Geodetic Observations Along the Cascadia Continental Margin A Cabled Observatory on the Juan de Fuca Ridge

27 Regional Arrays of Borehole Observatories for Sustained Time-series Observations of Hydrogeology, Geobiology, and Plate-scale Strain Highest Density of ODP Holes thermistors, pressure sensors, ± seismometer packer microbial-fluid samplers

28 Plate-Scale Response to Seismic Events: Largest Fractured Aquifer 857D Davis et al., 2001 JGR Events/hr Pressure (kpa) Pressure transients ODP Observatories D Earthquakes from SOSUS M = Time (Days)

29 Do ridge flanks support an active microbial community? Hydrothermal Breathing Holes A. Fisher & N. Rager Ridge flanks account for 70-80% of the heat flux Chemical fluxes may be significant Ridge flanks 1-65 Ma make up 70% of ocean basins Potentially enormous habitable volume on a global scale Driving hypothesis: Where there is fluid circulation, there is microbial activity

30 METHANE HYDRATES A Northeast Pacific Hydrate Observatory System (NEPHOS) at South Hydrate Ridge Borehole Observations for Sustained Time-Series Observations: Hydrogeology, Geobiology, Plate-Scale Strain 1250 m

31 Earths Carbon Reserves: Importance of methane hydrates Depth (m) BSR dissolved organic matter m terrestrial biosphere 830 Hydrate Ridge Leg 204 soils 1,400 detritial org. peat carbon fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) 5,000 atmosphere3.6 marine biosphere gas hydrate (marine & terrestrial) 10,000 quantities in gigatons of carbon

32 A Cabled Observatory on the Juan de Fuca Ridge: Crustal Formation and Life

33 2nd node Costing Science Example NODE 4 (N4): 2nd node 20 km Axial Volcano Scenario 2 20 km cable (primary to secondary node) 15 km cable E-W secondary nodes 3 km cable benthic node 1 benthic node TOTAL $340K $255K $51K $135K $3.8 M Scenario 1 Scenario 2 5 RFA s at this site

34 50 N N10 N11 N7 N8 N5 N9 N6 STAGE II-SCENARIO 2 WORKING MODEL 1750 km Backbone 6 Science Nodes 5 Branching Units 9 Water column moorings Total = $107M N4 45 N N2 N1 N3 130 W 125 W

35 The Year 1976, where will we be in 2036? Apple II Introduced 4K of Memory NSF Budget $76M 2006 dollars Most Popular Shows Happy Days, Laverne and Shirley, Mash Viking 1 lands on Mars

36 PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE SAMPLE RETURN GEOBIOLOGICAL LAB Bacteria Plankton Ecogenomic Sensor IN SITU ANALYSES G. Armbrust