Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology

Transcription

1 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology Breakout Group Questions How can the CND be enhanced to better address this science theme? What other approaches could be combined with the observatory elements to better address the science questions across the range of spatial/temporal scales? What experiments, observations, or activities are likely to yield early success for the ORION program? How can ORION facilitate that success?

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4 Known Space Large Uncertainties

5 Uninvestigated Territory Required for realistic simulations

6 Gas Transfer Velocities k 600 (cm/hr) U 10 (m/s)

7 Global Ocean Carbon Dioxide

8 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology What MUST be in the CND to better address this science theme? Deploy surface mooring at all global sites and within the RCO and coastal network and instrument with high quality mean meteorological measurements (wind speed, wind direction, RH, Tair, Pair, SST, _pco 2, Solar, IR, rain, surface currents, significant wave height and direction). Deploy additional sensors to measure turbulent fluxes of heat, moisture, and momentum; surface wave directional spectra, CO 2 fluxes, subsurface turbulence, penetrating radiation at key sites. Make sure that all high-powered, high-bandwidth sites are designed to support turbulent flux and atmospheric boundary layer measurements.

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10 West Coast System (March 28, 2006) 1 st Phase Glider lines Line of 5 vertical profilers Vertical profiler 2 nd Phase Selective addition of strategically placed vertical profilers Process

11 VENUS VENUS STC-SATURN West Coast System (March 28, 2006) Leverage systems OOI -- Global OOI -- RCO NSF long-term coastal observatories MARS Other coastal observatories (inventory in progress) NOAA backbone LTERs

12 White: questions 1&2 (biogeochem, ecology, biodiversity) yellow: question 3 (ridge and subduction sites) Pink: question 4 (seismic studies of earth structure) Green: question 5 (air-sea flux) Question 6 still missing

13 Endurance Cabled Arrays

14 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology How can the CND be enhanced to better address this science theme? Atmospheric boundary layer measurements from selected OOI platforms to entrain the atmospheric science community (e.g., rawinsondes, profilers, ceiliometers, aerosols) Take advantage of spatial coverage offered by RCO/West Coast Array to deploy a mesoscale air-sea array for couplemodel research and validation. Deploy passive acoustic rain sensors on RCO subsurface array to map spatial distribution of precipitation and its impact on circulation. Visibility and liquid water content measurements on coastal mooring sites to address coastal fog.

15 50 N N10 N11 N7 N8 N5 N9 N6 STAGE II-SCENARIO 2 WORKING MODEL 1750 km Backbone 6 Science Nodes 5 Branching Units 9 Water column moorings Total = $107M N4 45 N N2 N1 N3 130 W 125 W

16 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology What other approaches could be combined with the observatory elements to better address the science questions across the range of spatial/temporal scales? Nested coupled air-sea interaction model from Coastal up to Global (i.e., seabreeze to cyclone to climate; Pioneer to RCO to Global) Combine observatory elements (Coastal and Pioneer) to close oceanic heat budget, set of constraints on atmospheric fluxes. Ocean surface fluxes from the residual of the ocean heat budget. Can also do CO 2 budget using the same observation construct. Breaking waves, bubbles, surfactants, gas concentrations, as controls for gas transfer. Air quality measurements (e.g., ozone, CO, sulfur, NOx). Aerosol, DMS, sea-salt measurements to contribute to CCN production/ global albedo debate. Use of UAVs, Drones, autocopters, LIDAR in addition to gliders and AUVs.

17 Example of Pioneer Arrays

18 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology Future Pioneer Array Foci: Land-sea-atmosphere interaction (e.g., mesoscale forecasts of seabreeze circulation) Closure of regional of local or regional ocean heat budgets to constraining ocean heat fluxes. Onshore moisture flows in coastal regions Future Global Foci: Occupation of key climatic regimes on a global scale

19 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology What experiments, observations, or activities are likely to yield early success for the ORION program? How can ORION facilitate that success? Decadal trends in LHF suggest that the net heat flux is not zero every year globally. Where is that water going? What is happening to the net heat flux as a result of climate change? Our ability to predict severe weather and how it impacts the underlying ocean is severely limited by the lack of direct flux measurements in these conditions. The OOI infrastructure will allow use to rapidly improve our understanding of the processes coupling the oceanatmosphere under these conditions. Sustained nested observational approach will lead to significant progress in nested coupled modeling efforts.

20 Ocean-Atmosphere Fluxes & Marine Meteorology Cyberinfrastructure issues: Need for a very responsive CI system (e.g., storms and synoptic weather variability). Weather, remote sensing and additional operational in-situ observations provide the context and that information is needed in real time. Will the CI infrastructure support calibration of instrumentation and delayed posting of data product versions? Will the CI infrastructure support transfer of ORION data into operational centers (e.g., model initialization, satellite cal-val)?