Atmospheric Processes

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1 Atmospheric Processes Atmospheric prognostic variables Wind Temperature Humidity Cloud Water/Ice Atmospheric processes Mixing Radiation Condensation/ Evaporation Precipitation Surface exchanges Friction Sensible heat flux Latent heat flux Surface variables Surface roughness Surface temperature Snow Soil moisture Melting 2

2 Atmospheric Processes Atmospheric prognostic variables Wind Temperature Humidity Cloud Water/Ice Atmospheric processes Mixing Radiation Condensation/ Evaporation Precipitation Surface exchanges Friction Sensible heat flux Latent heat flux Surface variables Surface roughness Surface temperature Snow Soil moisture Melting 2

3 Atmospheric Processes Atmospheric prognostic variables Wind Temperature Humidity Cloud Water/Ice Atmospheric processes Mixing Radiation Condensation/ Evaporation Precipitation Surface exchanges Friction Sensible heat flux Latent heat flux Surface variables Surface roughness Surface temperature Snow Soil moisture Melting 2

4 Supercomputer power and data are limiting factors 3

5 Modeling dilemma Resolution Complexity 4

6

7

8

9 0 cumulus

10 0 thunderstorms cumulus

11 0 sea breeze thunderstorms cumulus

12 0 synoptic-scale system sea breeze thunderstorms cumulus

13 0 monsoon synoptic-scale system sea breeze thunderstorms cumulus

14 0 monsoon synoptic-scale system sea breeze thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

15 0 monsoon synoptic-scale system soil moisture sea breeze thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

16 0 monsoon El Niño synoptic-scale system soil moisture sea breeze thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

17 0 monsoon El Niño synoptic-scale system soil moisture sea breeze soil erosion thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

18 0 monsoon El Niño synoptic-scale Ocean system circulation soil moisture sea breeze soil erosion thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

19 0 CO2 variations monsoon El Niño synoptic-scale Ocean system circulation soil moisture sea breeze soil erosion thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

20 Global climate 0 CO2 variations monsoon El Niño synoptic-scale Ocean system circulation soil moisture sea breeze soil erosion thunderstorms interseasonal vegetation cumulus

21 Spatial and Temporal Scales (2) 6

22 Spatial and Temporal Scales (2) Nowcasting (up to 2 hours) Local/Regional (mesh: 0.5-km) 6

23 Spatial and Temporal Scales (2) Nowcasting (up to 2 hours) Short-range (6-48 hours) Local/Regional (mesh: 0.5-km) Continental (mesh: 5-50km) 6

24 Spatial and Temporal Scales (2) Nowcasting (up to 2 hours) Short-range (6-48 hours) Medium-range - days Local/Regional (mesh: 0.5-km) Continental (mesh: 5-50km) Global (mesh: km) 6

25 Spatial and Temporal Scales (2) Nowcasting (up to 2 hours) Short-range (6-48 hours) Medium-range - days Long-range (months,seasonal) Local/Regional (mesh: 0.5-km) Continental (mesh: 5-50km) Global (mesh: km) Global (mesh: -400km) Need SST-forecast 6

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