Identification of Gigantic Tsunami from the Kuril and Japan Trench based on Tsunami Sediments
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1 Identification of Gigantic Tsunami from the Kuril and Japan Trench based on Tsunami Sediments Kazuomi HIRAKAWA Professor Emeritus, Hokkaido Univ.) Taipei2013, 7.03
2 2011Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami inundation and run-up Hokkaido Kuril T. Tokyo
3 Topics Referring to 2011 Tohoku Tsunami, 1. Identification of gigantic Tsunami since last 3000~4000 years from Tohoku to Hokkaido Pacific coast, stressing the geomorphological examination 2. Idea on Tsunami Source Areas and Recurrence Interval or Super Cycles on the basis of Tsunami sediments by my own survey
4 Conclusive illustration Tsunami Sediments E D A H JK Tsunami Sources (possible 4 Sources for Gigantic Tsunami) chronology C 12~13 C AD 869 AD/BC BC 500 BC1000 BC 1500 A B C D E F G I H J K study site (Kyodonews) Recurrences = Super Cycles
5 Principle of field survey: As Tsunami reaches higher position, it s sediments should be remained on the higher geomorphology facing to coast. Using geomorphology, gigantic tsunami sediments layers could be identified. different height of sea cliffs Ts Soil Ts 1667Tephra 17C. Tsunami Soil Tsunami sediments on the lowestterrace, intervened in th Soil and tephral Coastal terrace and steep sea cliff in Hokkaido
6 2011,3.11 Ts 1 Ts2 Ts 3 Outcropping Tsunami sediments layer at Kesen-numa (A) Tohoku Ts4 Ts , ,4.23
7 Field description at Kesen-numa (Site A) m To-A915 soil AD/BC Earthenware soil soil Ts ,3.11 1Keicho-Sannriku Jogan C14 ybp C14 ybp soil Basement Rock C14 ybp To-Cu 6300yBP ka? 65.5~5.7ka?
8 Chronology and Recurrence at Kesen-numa Key Tsunami Sediments 2011,3.11 Ts1 (Keicho 1611) To-a tephra Ts2 AD915) (Jogan869) Archaeological TS32200 remain ybp Ts4 2400~2500? Ts ybp Ts ybp To-Cu tephra Ts6 (6400 ybp) >6500 Recurrence 2011/ Ts1: 400 ys 2011/Ts2: >1100 Ts3/Ts2 : >1000 only gigantic Tsunami = Super Cycle 2011 Tsunami: since 1100 years Jogan,869- different Tsunami sources , 869 Jogan 1611Keicho-sanriku Ts4/Ts3: 3~400? Ts4 : Keicho Type Ts5/Ts3: 1500 Ts5/5 : 1400 Ts6/Ts5 : >1500
9 Soil Soil Meiji Ts11611Keicho C-14 C Debris flow detritus 110 km North MIYAKO/Taro Soil Soil Soil soil Ts2869 Jogan C Debris flow dep. C C Ts33~4C? Ts? AD/BC? C Ts5 2.4ka C Ts6 2.8~3.0 ka Ts7: 3.5ka, Ts8? Valley floor~ valley fill to alluvial cone
10 2011 Tsunami (+16m) 12 msl Tsunami Sediments layers In the talus slope deposits, divided by soil MIYAKO/Taro soil soil 2011 Ts1 (Meiji?) Ts2 (Keicho) 2011 Ts1 Ts3 (Jogan) Talus detritus Ts soil Ts Ts soil soil soil Ts4 Ts5 Ts6
11 Field description at Noda, Iwate (D) 145km To-Cu Sea cliff Sea Cliff, 9msl Outcropping Tsunami sed. and soil layers Recurrence years 10 msl 1896Meiji Ts Keicho Ts2 869 Jogan Ts3 3/4 C. Ts4 AD/BC Ts5 2.5ka Ts6 3.0ka Ts7 3.5ka Ts8 4.0ka Ts9 4.5ka Ts ka? Ts To-Cu 6300 ybp Ts12 6.4ka Ts13
12 Field Note at Hirono, Iwate/Aomori (E) (185km north) Outcropping Tsunami sediments layer on a sea cliff Ts11611Keicho Ts2 12/13C Ts3? B-Tm,947AD Ts4 :869 Jogan Ts5 3/4C? Ts6 (AD/BC?) Ts7(? 2.5 ka? Earthen ware:3000 ybp Ts8 3.0ka? 3.2ka? 3.5 ka? Ts9? Interval:: >300 ~500 years variable
13 Outcropping Tsunami sediments layer at Nemuro, eastern tip of Hokkaido 600km NE Geo-slicing record Key Tephra 18 Tsunami sediments layers during 6400 years ka
14 Coas inlandward Ta-a 1739 Ta-b 1667 B-Tm x x x 5 6 To-C 2.8ka Tsunami Sediments layer sice last 4000 years in the Peat land, Tokachi (J) Hokkaido. Ta-b tephra 1: 17C.Ts =1611Keicho B-Tm tephra 3:869 Jogan
15 Tsunami Sediments layers on alluvial cone in the small valleyof the hill (J) 2km from the coast, Tephra ka Ts 1 Ts 2 Ts6 Ts8? Ts? Ts? km
16 Correlation and Recurrence-Intervals along Hokkaido coast (J~K) Recurrence Interval Tokachi 200 km Nemuro Tsunami 1 Tsunami 2 Tsunami 3 Tsunami 4 Tsunami 5 Tsunami 6 Tsunami 7 Tsunami 8 Tsunami 9 Tsunami 10 Tsunami 11 Tsunami 12 Tsunami 13 Tsunami 14 Tsunami 15 AD 1667 Ta-b tepra B-Tm tephra =869 Jogan Ta-c tephra Tsunami 1 Tsunami 2 B-Tm tephra 869Jogan Tsunami 4 Tsunami 5 Tsunami 6. Tsunami7,8 Tsunami 9 Tsunami 10 Tsunami 11 Tsunami 12 Tsunami 13 Tsunami 14 Tsunami 15 Tsunami 16 Tsunami 17 Tsunami 18
17 Hokkaido Pacific coast : unusual gigantic TSUNAMI since last ca years Identification of Tsunami sediments on the coastal terrace 6 Tsunami sediments layers since last 2.5 ~3.0 ka., Another older 9 Tsunami sediments layers : 2.9, 3.3, 3.7~3.8,,4.2, 4.6, 4.9, 5.0, 5.6 and 6.3 ka calbp. Recurrence interval 400~600 years : 500 years Interval Earthquake
18 Evaluation of Tsunami sediments far into the Inland Bay (H) 1640 Volacno Collapse Ts 17C Ts 12/13C (C14:1000~1148 AD) Ts AD /BC (c-14: 76 AD~) Ts BC 34C C-14 Ts3200?Ta-c Ts 3500? 9 msl
19 Tsunami Sediments far in the Inland Bay 1640 Volcano collapse Tsunami Ts1 17C Ts (1611 Keicho?) Ts2 12/13C xxx 869 Jogan (Ts 3 in NE Hokkaido) xxx 3/C(Ts4) Ts5 AD /BC (Ts 5) Ts6 BC 34C. xxx 2700 Ts(Ts7) Ts (Largest in the bay) Ts9 3500?
20 4 gigantic tsunami sources along the Japan and Kuril Trench 2 I H 1 G F E D C A B 3/4.C K J 17C 12/13 C. Asperity Distribution ( (Source areas) 2011, 869
21 Conclusive Remarks Geomorphological view (topography, inter-tunami soil or geomorphological processis the key to examine the gigantic tsunami H JK F B A 4 Tunami Source Areas ( propagated each other, one another) C 12~13 C AD 869 AD/BC BC 500 BC1000 BC 1500 Ca 1000 years Recurrence Intervals SuperCycles) indivisually A B C D E F G I H J K (Kyodo)
22 Thank you arigatou gozaimashita
23 x x 2524 x X ~ (2011)
24 :
25 2011 Ts1Ts1 Ts2 Ts3 Ts4 Ts5 Ts6 Ts7 Ts8 Ts8 Ts1(17 Ts3869 Ts8(2
26 17 msl 3.11 >32
27 cm / ~1778 c-14 cal AD. 1793,2.17? 1798 ~ ~28 yrs 12/13c 991~1045 c-14 cal. AD?
28 V TS 0: 2011, 3.11 TS1: 1933, TS2: 1896, TS3: 1793, Ts4 : 1611, Ts512/13C Ts6: 869, TS7: AD/BC? Regional~ Local scale Site-Specific
29 Tsunami sedimenys layers on the Sea cliff 15 m sl. Ts1, 2,4 or6?: m ka 2.7ka
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