Recurrence of Kanto Earthquakes Revealed from Tsunami Deposits in Miura peninsula
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1 Recurrence of Kanto Earthquakes Revealed from Tsunami Deposits in Miura peninsula Kunihiko Shimazaki 1,2, Kenji Satake 1*, Haeng Yoong Kim 1, Takeo Ishibe 1, Takashi Chiba 3 & Toshihiko Sugai 3 1 Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo ku, Tokyo , Japan; 2 Association for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, Shiba, Minatoku, Tokyo , Japan; 3 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, , Japan; *Author for correspondence, e mail: satake@eri.u tokyo.ac.jp
2 Plates around Japan Kanto Eq.
3 The 1923 Kanto earthquake Damage in Yokohama City Yokohama City Library Tsunami Damage in Ito City Ito City Office Total casualty ~ 100,000 (The worst earthquake disaster in Japan)
4 The 1923 (Taisho) Kanto earthquake Tsunami Heights Crustal deformation Hatori (1975) Miyabe (1931)
5 The 1703 (Genroku) Kanto earthquake Previous earthquake at the plate boundary Tsunami Heights Crustal deformation Hatori (1975) Shishikura (2003) Larger tsunami on the Pacific coast of Boso peninsula Larger uplift on the southern tip of Boso Peninsula
6 Historical records of earthquakes Ueda and Usami (1990)
7 During Kamakura Era ( ), several damaging earthquakes were recorded, e.g., AD1257 M=7 7.5 AD1293 M~7 AD1433 M> 7 Historical records of earthquakes
8 modified from Shishikura, 2003 Geomorphological study
9 Miura Peninsula Koajiro Bay Aburatsubo Bay (tide gauge record since 1895) Ena Bay
10 Study Site: Koaijiro Bay Koajiro Bay Tidal Flat Tide Gauge Station Aburatsubo Bay
11 Array Coring using Geoslicer at Tidal Flat
12 Array Coring using Geoslicer at Tidal Flat
13 Sequence of Stratigraphy Seaward Landward Three event deposits in the bay sediment beneath tidal flat sediment
14 Tsunami Deposits T Kanto Eq. T Kanto Eq. T3 older Eq.
15 Grain Size Analysis Event Units composed of the coarse materials.
16 Fresh Water Species Diatom analysis Little diatom in event deposits, but increase after events Gradually increase of marine plankton Gradual (interseismic) subsidence and Sudden (coseismic) uplift
17 Study Site: Koaijiro Bay Tide Gauge Station Koajiro Bay Tidal Flat Aburatsubo Bay
18 Dating of most recent event (Cs, Pb) Cs-137 Cs 137 and Pb 210 indicate that T1 sand layer is brought by the 1923 Kanto earthquake
19 Radiocarbon Dating T1:1600AD~ T2:1600AD~ T3:1060AD~ 1430AD AD
20 Older earthquake T3 may correlate with 1293 Sho o earthquake
21 Long Geoslicer Survey
22 Long Geoslicer Survey
23 Long Geoslicer Survey Balanus yBP ( AD) ~ 1703 (Genroku) Kanto Eq. Shell in sand layer AD(Marine Reservoir correction applied) ~ 1293 Kanto Eq.
24 Miura Peninsula Koajiro Bay Aburatsubo Bay (tide gauge record since 1895) Ena Bay
25 Geoslicer survey in Ena Bay
26 Characteristics of Tsunami deposits in Ena Bay Three or four coarse layers including shell fragments, gravels, and coarse sand were identified in the inner bay fine sediments. These tsunami deposits erode layers below, indicating a strong current. Sedimentation environment clearly changes between below and above the tsunami deposits.
27 Diatom and grain size analyses Tide gauge record at Aburatsubo Planktonic > Benthic diatom : interseismic subsidence Planktonic < Benthic diatom : coseismic uplift
28 Radiocarbon Dating
29 Radiocarbon Dating and Sedimentation Rate ENA F ENA I T1 T1? T2 T3 T2 T4 T3 T4?? T5 Tidal flat Sub tidal Inner bay Tidal flat Sub tidal Inner bay
30 Comparison with Geomorphological study modified from Shishikura, 2003
31 Summary Three or four tsunami deposits are obtained in the inner bay fine sediment. In Koajiro Bay, the top and second tsunami deposits are correlated to the 1923 and 1703 Kanto earthquake. The third one may be 1293 earthquake recorded in historical literature. In Ena Bay, the topmost deposit is the 1923 Kanto earthquake. The second through fourth unit deposited about 3000, 3300 and 3700 year BP, respectively. In addition to tsunami deposits, diatom analysis provide coseismic and interseismic sea level changes.
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